Análisis de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) públicas y su influencia en el mercado laboral de la ciudad de Quito, en el periodo 2019-2020

El propósito de la investigación radica en el estudio de las IES - Públicas y su influencia en el mercado laboral de la ciudad de Quito, en el periodo 2019 - 2020. A nivel metodológico se analizará el conocimiento académico adquirido en la carrera, la pedagogía impartida por el docente, la malla curricular en las universidades públicas, la inserción laboral de los graduados titulados, las limitaciones que estos han encontrado para conseguir empleo, el nivel de subempleo debido a la falta de oportunidades de trabajo, y finalmente, el desempleo. El presente artículo se efectuó desde el enfoque descriptivo - analítico de carácter no empírico, aplicando el método inductivo – deductivo y utilizando la técnica de tipo cuantitativa. Entre los principales resultados se evidencia que la crisis sanitaria provocada por la actual pandemia COVID – 19, generó altos índices de subempleo y desempleo, mientras que el estar empleado no garantizaba condiciones de vida decentes, así también parte de esta problemática, se debe a que las universidades públicas no tienen métodos que permitan la inserción en el mercado laboral ya que no han implementado adecuadamente la bolsa de empleo, sin embargo, un aspecto positivo de este contexto, fue que surgieron nuevos emprendimientos, grandes ideas de negocios que de alguna manera incentivan a la reactivación económica del país.The purpose of the research implies in the study of Public Higher Education Institutions (HEI) have on the labor market of Quito city, in the period 2019 – 2020. The academic knowledge acquired in the career will be analyzed in methodological level, the pedagogy provided by the teacher, the curriculum in public universities, the actual situation of the insertion in the labor market of the graduates, the limitations that they have for obtaining job, the level of underemployment due to the lack of job opportunities and finally, unemployment. This article was made from the approach of a descriptive-analytical non-experimental investigation, applying the inductive-deductive method and using the quantitative technique. Among the main results, it is evidenced that the health crisis caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic, this disease caused high rates of underemployment and unemployment, and have job did not guarantee decent quality of life, also part of this problem, due to the fact that public universities do not have methods that allow insertion in the labor market because they have not implemented adequately a job bank, however, a positive aspect of this context was that new ventures, great business ideas that somehow encourage the economic reactivation of our country

Sildenafil alters biogenic amines and increases oxidative damage in brain regions of insulin-hypoglycemic rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sildenafil on dopamine, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. The animals were treated intraperitoneally as follows: group 1 (control), saline solution; group 2, insulin (10 U per rat or 50 U kg–1); group 3, insulin + single dose of sildenafil (50 U kg–1 + 50 mg kg–1); group 4, insulin + three doses of sildenafil every 24 hours (50 U kg–1 + 50 mg kg–1). In groups 2, 3 and 4, insulin was administered every 24 hours for 10 days. Blood glucose was measured after the last treatment. On the last day of the treatment, the animals´ brains were extracted to measure the levels of oxidative stress markers [H2O2, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS)], dopamine and 5-HIAA in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata by validated methods. The results suggest that administration of insulin in combination with sildenafil induces hypoglycemia and hypotension, enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines. Administration of insulin and sildenafil promotes biometabolic responses in glucose control, namely, it induces hypoglycemia and hypotension. It also enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines

Macroinvertebrados bentónicos de dos lagos de alta montaña en el estado de Morelos, México

The natural environments as Lakes Zempoala and Tonatiahua represent a significant potential in the conservation of endemic species, and participate in the mechanisms of ecological regulation within the lakes. The objective of this study was to recognize the richness of benthic macroinvertebrates and the coast area of the lakes, and to update the taxonomic list of fauna. Four samplings were conducted in both lakes during periods of dry and wet from 2013 to 2015. For collects rectangular nets were used and "D" with opening 500 μm. The material was preserved in 70 % alcohol for laboratory analysis of Invertebrates of the School of Biological Sciences UAEM. For identification of macroinvertebrates, we used keys and literature. For Lake Zempoala six taxonomic classes, 15 orders, 27 families and 34 genera; it is reported for the first time the isopod Asellus sp. for this lakes. The most abundant families were Chironomidae, Hyallelidae, Coenagrionidae and Cambaridae. For Lake Tonatiahua 16 orders, 41 families and 43 genera were recognized. The most abundant families were Hyallelidae, Chironomidae, Cambaridae, Corixidae and Sarcoptiformes order.Los ambientes naturales como los lagos Zempoala y Tonatiahua representan un potencial importante en la conservación de especies endémicas, además de participar en los mecanismos de regulación ecológica dentro de los lagos. El objetivo del presente fue reconocer la riqueza de macroinvertebrados bentónicos y de la zona litoral de ambos lagos, así como también actualizar el listado taxonómico de su fauna. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos en ambos lagos durante los periodos de estiaje y lluvias entre los años 2013 y 2015. Para la recolecta se utilizaron redes con poro de 500 µm de forma rectangular y en “D”. El material se preservó en alcohol al 70 % para su posterior análisis en el laboratorio de Invertebrados de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la UAEM.  Para la identificación de los macroinvertebrados se utilizaron claves de identificación y literatura especializada. Los resultados fueron: para el lago Zempoala se reconocieron seis clases taxonómicas, 15 órdenes, 27 familias y 34 géneros; se registra por primera vez al isópodo Asellus sp. para estos lagos. Las familias más abundantes fueron Chironomidae, Hyallelidae, Coenagrionidae y Cambaridae. Para el lago Tonatiahua se reconocieron 16 órdenes, 41 familias y 43 géneros. Las familias más abundantes fueron Hyallelidae, Chironomidae, Cambaridae, Corixidae y el orden Sarcoptiformes

LA EXPRESIÓN MUSICAL COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL

In preschool one of the most strategies used is the musical expression, being an important methodological tool within the Early Childhood education, also the problem identified in the research is based on the areas of child development are: the motor, cognitive, socio-emotional and language area it was evident that these areas are not properly stimulated by teachers and the main objective is to establish the importance of musical expression as a tool for integral development in early childhood education, through training to teachers in the initial level, it was determined that music as a methodological tool in the Teaching-Learning process, it provides multiple benefits in social, academic and spiritual training of each person, being a qualitative research methodology, focused on solving the problem through critical and systematic analysis, for which it applied the instruments for data collection, therefore the research has social, technical and economic impacts because it was possible to promote values such as a good relationship among children, it implemented innovative techniques in low-cost, there was great acceptance and interest of teachers and parents of the institution, concluding that the musical expression it can be applied in the areas of child development as an important tool in the integral training.En preescolar una de las estrategias más usadas es la expresión musical, siendo una herramienta metodológica, importante dentro de la Educación Inicial, frente a esta situación el problema detectado en la investigación está basado en las áreas del desarrollo del niño que son: el área motriz, cognitiva, socio-afectiva y del lenguaje, ya que se evidencio que estas áreas no son estimuladas correctamente por las docentes parvularias, el objetivo es establecer la importancia de la expresión musical como herramienta para el desarrollo integral en la educación infantil, mediante una capacitación a las docentes del nivel inicial, determinando a través de esta investigación que la música como herramienta metodológica dentro del Proceso de Enseñanza- Aprendizaje, brinda múltiples beneficios en la formación social, académica y espiritual del individuo, siguiendo una metodología investigativa de tipo cuanti- cualitativa, enfocada a la solución del problema por medio del análisis crítico y sistemático, para lo cual se aplicó los instrumentos de recolección de información respectivos, por tanto la investigación posee impactos sociales, técnicos y económicos porque se logró fomentar valores como compañerismo en los niños, se implementaron técnicas innovadoras a bajos costos, hubo gran aceptación e interés de docentes y padres de familia de la institución, concluyendo que la expresión musical se la puede aplicar en las áreas del desarrollo del niño como una herramienta importante en su formación integral

Chagas disease: an impediment in achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Latin America

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Achieving sustainable economic and social growth through advances in health is crucial in Latin America within the framework of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Health-related Millennium Development Goals need to incorporate a multidimensional approach addressing the specific epidemiologic profile for each region of the globe. In this regard, addressing the cycle of destitution and suffering associated with infection with <it>Trypanosoma cruzi</it>, the causal agent of Chagas disease of American trypanosomiasis, will play a key role to enable the most impoverished populations in Latin America the opportunity to achieve their full potential. Most cases of Chagas disease occur among forgotten populations because these diseases persist exclusively in the poorest and the most marginalized communities in Latin America.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Addressing the cycle of destitution and suffering associated with <it>T. cruzi </it>infection will contribute to improve the health of the most impoverished populations in Latin America and will ultimately grant them with the opportunity to achieve their full economic potential.</p

Mutations in TP53 and JAK2 are independent prognostic biomarkers in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

[EN]Background: In B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL), the identification of additional genetic alterations associated with poor prognosis is still of importance. We determined the frequency and prognostic impact of somatic mutations in children and adult cases with B-ALL treated with Spanish PETHEMA and SEHOP protocols. Methods: Mutational status of hotspot regions of TP53, JAK2, PAX5, LEF1, CRLF2 and IL7R genes was determined by next-generation deep sequencing in 340 B-ALL patients (211 children and 129 adults). The associations between mutation status and clinicopathological features at the time of diagnosis, treatment outcome and survival were assessed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS) and relapse rate (RR). Results: A mutation rate of 12.4% was identified. The frequency of adult mutations was higher (20.2% vs 7.6%, P=0.001). TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene (4.1%), followed by JAK2 (3.8%), CRLF2 (2.9%), PAX5 (2.4%), LEF1 (0.6%) and IL7R (0.3%). All mutations were observed in B-ALL without ETV6-RUNX1 (P=0.047) or BCR-ABL1 fusions (P<0.0001). In children, TP53mut was associated with lower OS (5-year OS: 50% vs 86%, P=0.002) and EFS rates (5-year EFS: 50% vs 78.3%, P=0.009) and higher RR (5-year RR: 33.3% vs 18.6% P=0.037), and was independently associated with higher RR (hazard ratio (HR)=4.5; P=0.04). In adults, TP53mut was associated with a lower OS (5-year OS: 0% vs 43.3%, P=0.019) and a higher RR (5-year RR: 100% vs 61.4%, P=0.029), whereas JAK2mut was associated with a lower EFS (5-year EFS: 0% vs 30.6%, P=0.035) and a higher RR (5-year RR: 100% vs 60.4%, P=0.002). TP53mut was an independent risk factor for shorter OS (HR=2.3; P=0.035) and, together with JAK2mut, also were independent markers of poor prognosis for RR (TP53mut: HR=5.9; P=0.027 and JAK2mut: HR=5.6; P=0.036). Conclusions: TP53mut and JAK2mut are potential biomarkers associated with poor prognosis in B-ALL patients.European Commision (EC). Funding FP7/SP1/HEALTH. Project Code: 30624

Estudio de técnicas de agregación de indicadores para la selección de un nuevo reactor nuclear para México

Estudio de técnicas de agregación de indicadores para la selección de un nuevo reactor nuclear para Méxic

Macroinvertebrados bentónicos de dos lagos de alta montaña en el estado de Morelos, México

Los ambientes naturales como los lagos Zempoala y Tonatiahua representan un potencial importante en la conservación de especies endémicas, además de participar en los mecanismos de regulación ecológica dentro de los lagos. El objetivo del presente fue reconocer la riqueza de macroinvertebrados bentónicos y de la zona litoral de ambos lagos, así como también actualizar el listado taxonómico de su fauna. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos en ambos lagos durante los periodos de estiaje y lluvias entre los años 2013 y 2015. Para la recolecta se utilizaron redes con poro de 500 µm de forma rectangular y en “D”. El material se preservó en alcohol al 70 % para su posterior análisis en el laboratorio de Invertebrados de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la UAEM.  Para la identificación de los macroinvertebrados se utilizaron claves de identificación y literatura especializada. Los resultados fueron: para el lago Zempoala se reconocieron seis clases taxonómicas, 15 órdenes, 27 familias y 34 géneros; se registra por primera vez al isópodo Asellus sp. para estos lagos. Las familias más abundantes fueron Chironomidae, Hyallelidae, Coenagrionidae y Cambaridae. Para el lago Tonatiahua se reconocieron 16 órdenes, 41 familias y 43 géneros. Las familias más abundantes fueron Hyallelidae, Chironomidae, Cambaridae, Corixidae y el orden Sarcoptiformes.The natural environments as Lakes Zempoala and Tonatiahua represent a significant potential in the conservation of endemic species, and participate in the mechanisms of ecological regulation within the lakes. The objective of this study was to recognize the richness of benthic macroinvertebrates and the coast area of the lakes, and to update the taxonomic list of fauna. Four samplings were conducted in both lakes during periods of dry and wet from 2013 to 2015. For collects rectangular nets were used and "D" with opening 500 μm. The material was preserved in 70 % alcohol for laboratory analysis of Invertebrates of the School of Biological Sciences UAEM. For identification of macroinvertebrates, we used keys and literature. For Lake Zempoala six taxonomic classes, 15 orders, 27 families and 34 genera; it is reported for the first time the isopod Asellus sp. for this lakes. The most abundant families were Chironomidae, Hyallelidae, Coenagrionidae and Cambaridae. For Lake Tonatiahua 16 orders, 41 families and 43 genera were recognized. The most abundant families were Hyallelidae, Chironomidae, Cambaridae, Corixidae and Sarcoptiformes order