Bipolar flaking as a component of a supraregional lithic resource base: A comparative study of cores from the Pampean and Northcentral Patagonian Atlantic coasts (Argentina)

Several authors argue that bipolar technology is an expeditious and versatile strategy, efficient for the reduction of small nodules. However, few studies analyze the use of bipolar reduction in relation to the lithic environmental supply. At the Pampean and Patagonian maritime coast, the technique has been widely recorded and seems to be conspicuous in indigenous populations that occupied coastal areas. With the aim of assessing and comparing the application of bipolar reduction, 196 nuclei recovered from sites of diverse chronologies in the Pampean and northcentral Patagonic coasts were analyzed. The use of the bipolar technique was observed in relation to the lithic environmental structure, the size of nodules and their raw material. The results revealed high frequencies of bipolar nuclei at the Pampean coast (87%) and moderate frequencies at the northcentral Patagonic coast (39%). It was determined that the variables that influenced the application of bipolar techniques the most were the small size of the nodules and their rounded shape, generally thick, and without flat surfaces. As for raw material quality, the technique was applied on good to medium quality rocks at the Pampean coast, while in the northcentral coast it was exclusively applied on pebbles and cobbles of superior qualities (very good to excellent). The differences observed are most likely linked with technological choices made by different coastal populations to make the best use of widely available local rocks.Fil: Banegas, Anahi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bonomo, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Otero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

The Pleasures of Life and the Praise of Wisdom in the Book of Qohelet in the Light of Medieval Jewish Interpreters

The article analyzes how the most important medieval Jewish exegetes interpreted the book of Qohelet. It is focused on some of the most controversial ideas of the text, namely, the meaning of pleasures of life and the kind of wisdom praised in the book. The question of authorship, although not controversial, is also analyzed. The interpretations of medieval Jewish exegetes on these topics were the basis for their understanding of the purpose of the book as a whole. Different explanations were given by Jewish exegetes on whether the book of Qohelet encourages asceticism or promotes the knowledge of foreign sciences.Przyjemności życia i pochwała mądrości w Księdze Koheleta w ujęciu średniowiecznych żydowskich komentatorów Artykuł przedstawia, w jaki sposób najważniejsi średniowieczni egzegeci żydowscy interpretowali Księgę Koheleta. Koncentruje się on na wybranych kontrowersyjnych koncepcjach tekstu, a mianowicie na znaczeniu przyjemności życia i rodzaju mądrości, która jest chwalona w księdze. Kwestia autorstwa, choć nie jest uznawana za kontrowersyjną, również stanowi przedmiot analizy. Interpretacje średniowiecznych egzegetów żydowskich dotyczące tych zagadnień były podstawą rozumienia przez nich celu całej księgi. Żydowscy egzegeci różnie wyjaśniali Księgę Koheleta, zastanawiając się, czy zachęca do ascezy, czy też promuje wiedzę o obcych naukach

Genetic diversity in Spanish donkey breeds using microsatellite DNA markers

Genetic diversity at 13 equine microsatellite loci was compared in five endangered Spanish donkey breeds: Andaluza, Catalana, Mallorquina, Encartaciones and Zamorano-Leonesa. All of the equine microsatellites used in this study were amplified and were polymorphic in the domestic donkey breeds with the exception of HMS1, which was monomorphic, and ASB2, which failed to amplify. Allele number, frequency distributions and mean heterozygosities were very similar among the Spanish donkey breeds. The unbiased expected heterozygosity (HE) over all the populations varied between 0.637 and 0.684 in this study. The low GST value showed that only 3.6% of the diversity was between breeds (P < 0.01). Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were shown for a number of locus-population combinations, except HMS5 that showed agreement in all analysed populations. The cumulative exclusion probability (PE) was 0.999 in each breed, suggesting that the loci would be suitable for donkey parentage testing. The constructed dendrogram from the DA distance matrix showed little differentiation between Spanish breeds, but great differentiation between them and the Moroccan ass and also with the horse, used as an outgroup. These results confirm the potential use of equine microsatellite loci as a tool for genetic studies in domestic donkey populations, which could also be useful for conservation plans

Análisis comparativo del diseño de pavimento rígido de losa corta y el pavimento rígido tradicional en la zona el Trópico, distrito de Huanchaco, Trujillo - La Libertad

La investigación presentada a continuación se desarrolló en la Zona el Trópico, la cual conecta la Av. Vista Hermosa del Distrito La Esperanza y la Av. Mansiche del Distrito de Huanchaco, siendo una investigación descriptiva – correlacional. El objetivo principal fue el de determinar el análisis comparativo del Diseño de Pavimento Rígido de Losa Corta y el Pavimento Rígido Tradicional en la Zona El Trópico, Distrito De Huanchaco, Trujillo- La Libertad, para cual se tuvo que obtener las variables y parámetros de ambos métodos de diseño para encontrar cual es el diseño más recomendable en base a durabilidad, economía y tiempo de ejecución. En el caso del diseño de pavimento rígido tradicional se diseñó en base a la metodología AASHTO 93 y para el diseño de pavimento rígido de losas cortas nos basamos en la metodología chilena TCPavements con la ayuda del software OPTIPAVE2. Se realizaron estudios preliminares como parte de los parámetros que se necesitan para determinar los espesores en ambos tipos de metodología, como el estudio de suelo, el cual determino que es un suelo que contiene grava, arena y limos, obteniendo un CBR de diseño de 58.43%, también se realizó un estudio de tráfico, el cual determino que el número de repeticiones de ejes equivalentes, fue de 5'416,298.510. Los resultados obtenidos en el pavimento rígido tradicional (AASHTO 93) es de una carpeta de rodadura de 20 cm de espesor, con una subbase de 15 cm, el cual tuvo un presupuesto de S/. 2,990,609.97 y un tiempo de ejecución de 162 días calendarios y en el caso del pavimento rígido de losa corta (TCP) se obtuvo un espesor en la carpeta de rodadura de 12 cm, con una subbase de 15 cm, teniendo un presupuesto de S/. 2,415,361.92 y un tiempo de ejecución de 100 días calendarios. La conclusión a la que se llego es que el Pavimento Rígido de Losa Corta sería el más recomendable debido a que se reduce el costo en un 19.24% en relación a el Pavimento Rígido Tradicional (AASHTO 93), teniendo además una diferencia de 62 días en el tiempo de ejecución.The investigation presented below was developed in the Tropic Zone, which connects Av. Vista Hermosa of La Esperanza District and Av. Mansiche of Huanchaco District, being a descriptive - correlational investigation. The main objective was to determine the comparative analysis of the Design of Rigid Pavement of Losa Corta and Traditional Rigid Pavement in the Tropic Zone, District of Huanchaco, Trujillo-La Libertad, for which the variables and parameters of both had to be obtained Design methods to find the most recommended design based on durability, economy and execution time. In the case of the traditional rigid pavement design, it was designed based on the AASHTO 93 methodology and for the design of rigid pavement of short slabs we rely on the Chilean methodology TCPavements with the help of OPTIPAVE2 software. Preliminary studies were carried out as part of the parameters needed to determine the thicknesses in both types of methodology, such as the soil study, which determined that it is a soil that contains gravel, sand and silts, obtaining a design CBR of 58.43 %, a traffic study was also carried out, which determined that the number of equivalent axis repetitions was 5'416,298,510. The results obtained in the traditional rigid pavement (AASHTO 93) is of a rolling folder 20 cm thick, with a subbase of 15 cm, which had a budget of S /. 2,990,609.97 and an execution time of 162 calendar days and in the case of the rigid pavement of short slab (TCP) a thickness in the rolling folder of 12 cm was obtained, with a subbase of 15 cm, having a budget of S /. 2,415,361.92 and an execution time of 100 calendar days. The conclusion reached is that the Rigid Pavement of Losa Corta would be the most recommended because the cost is reduced by 19.24% in relation to the Traditional Rigid Pavement (AASHTO 93), also having a difference of 62 days in Run time.Tesi

Os Estudantes e o mundo da política: análise das experiências políticas dos estudantes da Universidade de São Carlos da Guatemala na perspectiva do drama ritual

Dissertação (mestrado) - Unversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Florianópolis, 2011A presente dissertação consiste numa etnografia das experiências políticas entre os estudantes da Universidade de São Carlos da Guatemala. Nela, festas, greves, caminhadas, processos eletivos e outros acontecimentos em que os estudantes disputam o poder, dentro da Universidade e fora dela, são analisados como eventos críticos que expressam dramaticamente os principais elementos que configuram o seu "mundo da política" e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuem para a configuração dos estudantes universitários sancarlistas como sujeitos políticos. A perspectiva segundo a qual são analisadas as experiências focaliza a noção de drama social, conforme desenvolvida pelo antropólogo Victor Turner. O trabalho busca, por um lado, contribuir para uma compreensão mais aprofundada da atividade política estudantil universitária a partir do modo como os próprios sujeitos compreendem e experimentam o seu mundo social, dos sentidos que lhe atribuem e das formas como interagem nele; por outro lado, pretende despertar o interesse analítico sobre estes sujeitos que têm sido historicamente identificados como atores fundamentais na vida política da Guatemala.This dissertation is an ethnography on the political experiences among students of the University of San Carlos de Guatemala. In her holidays, strikes, walks, elective procedures and other events where students vying for power within the university and beyond are addressed as critical events that dramatically express the main elements that form their "world politics" and at the same time, contribute in shaping college students sancarlistas as political subjects. The view from where they are analyzed the experiences focuses the notion of social drama, as developed by the anthropologist Victor Turner. The work aims on the one hand, contribute to a deeper understanding of political activity from university student as the subjects themselves understand and experience their social world, the meanings attributed to it and the ways they interact in it, while, furthermore, analytical arouse interest on these subjects that have historically been identified as key actors in the political life of Guatemala

Mercado de la vivienda marplatense un análisis económico a modo de dendrocronología

Mar del Plata, la 7ma ciudad más poblada de la Argentina (609.000 habitantes INDEC 2010), es además la ciudad turística más importante del país con más de 8,5 millones de visitantes al año y el mercado inmobiliario más importante de la provincia de Buenos Aires superando en un 100% al segundo puesto (La Plata). El comportamiento de su mercado de viviendas está estrechamente relacionado a la historia y características particulares de la ciudad donde la influencia de la demanda de los no residentes es determinante en el nivel de actividad de la construcción. Este trabajo pretende analizar y caracterizar su mercado inmobiliario de viviendas donde por un lado se construye una serie de precios para el período comprendido entre enero de 1989 y octubre de 2011 y por otro lado se busca poder describir las características particulares del mercado local y el contexto económico en el cual evolucionaron los precios en el mencionado período. Los resultados del trabajo permiten comprender un poco más las cualidades del mercado en cuestión y cómo ha evolucionado, proporcionando información valiosa para futuros estudios y para la toma de decisiones.Fil: Gomez Gerbi, Mariano Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

NAFLD and AATD Are Two Diseases with Unbalanced Lipid Metabolism: Similarities and Differences

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of steatosis commonly associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Other diseases such as inherited alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) have also been related to the development of liver steatosis. The primary reasons leading to hepatic lipid deposits can be genetic and epigenetic, and the outcomes range from benign steatosis to liver failure, as well as to extrahepatic diseases. Progressive hepatocellular damage and dysregulated systemic immune responses can affect extrahepatic organs, specifically the heart and lungs. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences between the molecular pathways of NAFLD and AATD, and the putative value of hepatic organoids as novel models to investigate the physio pathological mechanisms of liver steatosis.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII): AESI PI20CIII/00015 and PISCIIIBB-PT20CIII/00009, and by Polish National Science Centre Grants 2015/17/B/NZ5/01370 and 2018/29/B/NZ5/02346.S

Modificación de la composición de la flora en bordes de bosques fragmentados de Austrocedrus chilensis en Patagonia

Austrocedrus chilensis es una de las especies arbóreas nativas del bosque andino patagónico más afectadas por el proceso de fragmentación, originando bosquetes remanentes rodeados de pasturas. Estudiamos la vegetación en bordes de A. chilensis adyacentes a áreas cortadas 10 años atrás, con especial referencia a la regeneración de A. chilensis, diversidad, abundancia y distribución especifica. Se encontró que la composición original de la vegetación fue fuertemente modificada, con una alta proporción de especies herbáceas exóticas en la zona de borde. La diversidad y la abundancia de especies leñosas fueron mayores en el interior del bosque (p = 0.0289yp= 0.0149), lo mismo que la riqueza de especies nativas (p = 0.0053) y la regeneración de A. chilensis (p = 0.0408), en tanto que la abundancia de especies herbáceas fue mayor en el borde (p = 0.0197). Durante los primeros 10 años de la sucesión posterior al disturbio, la tendencia de los bosquetes de A. chilensis remanentes es la retracción.In the Patagonian Andes of Argentina, Austrocedrus chilensis is one of the native tree species most affected by forest fragmentation, resulting in remnants stands surrounded by grasslands. We studied vegetation in the edges of stands of dense A. chilensis adjoining areas that were cut 10 years earlier, with special reference to A. chilensis regeneration, diversity, abundance and specific species distribution. We found that the original composition of the vegetation had been strongly modified, there was a high proportion of exotic herbaceous species in the edge. Diversity and abundance of woody species was superior in the core forest (p = 0.0289 and p = 0.0149), and so was the richness of native species (p = 0.0053) and regeneration of A. chilensis (p = 0.0408). On the other hand the abundance of herbaceous species was greater in the edge (p = 0.0197). During the first years of the succession, the forest in the edge area tends to retract.Fil: Carabelli, Francisco Andrés Carabelli. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Orellana Ibáñez, Ivonne Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Jaramillo, Marcelo M.. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Mariano Facundo. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentin