Evolution of oxidative stress biomarkers and correlation with competitive performance in two moments of the swimming training season

Estudos têm demonstrado aumento na formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio após o esforço físico intenso. Esses eventos podem aumentar a suscetibilidade das células musculares a danos oxidativos como a peroxidação lipídica. Assim, variações na intensidade e no volume de treinamento durante a temporada podem modular o metabolismo oxidativo e influenciar a performance dos atletas. OBJETIVO: Estudar a evolução de biomarcadores de peroxidação lipídica em dois momentos de um ciclo periodizado de treinamento e relacionar com a performance competitiva de natação. MÉTODOS: Participaram do presente estudo 16 nadadores (nove do gênero masculino e sete do feminino). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em dois períodos do ciclo de treinamento: período preparatório específico e período de polimento. Espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e peróxidos totais foram determinados como biomarcadores de peroxidação lípidica. Creatina quinase foi determinada como parâmetro de dano celular muscular. O índice técnico alcançado no estilo de especialidade de cada atleta foi utilizado como parâmetro de performance competitiva. O índice técnico foi determinado na competição preparatória Troféu Electro Bonini realizada no período preparatório específico, e no Campeonato Paulista realizado no final do período de polimento. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado aumento significativo (p < 0,05) no índice técnico no Campeonato Paulista (769,6 ± 51,1 pontos) em relação ao Troféu Electro Bonini (751,1 ± 55,7 pontos). Significativas reduções na concentração de TBARS (5,7 ± 2,9 vs 3,3 ± 2,2µmol/L) e peróxidos totais (45,1 ± 20,6 vs 29,6 ± 13,0, µmol H2O2/L) foram encontrados no período de polimento com relação ao período preparatório específico. O mesmo não foi encontrado para creatina quinase (123,6 ± 60,1 vs 137,4 ± 74,9U/L). CONCLUSÃO: A significativa diminuição nos biomarcadores de peroxidação lipídica decorrente do decréscimo no volume e intensidade do treinamento após o período de polimento demonstra a influência das variações do treinamento sobre o estresse oxidativo e sua possível relação com a performance.INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown increase in the formation of oxygen reactive species after intense physical exertion. These events may increase the susceptibility of muscular cells to oxidative damage such as lipid per-oxidation. Thus, variations in training intensity as well as volume during the season may modulate the oxidative stress and influence in performance of athletes. AIM: To study the evolution of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in two moments of a periodized cycle of training and correlate it with swimming competitive performance. METHODS: 16 swimmers participated in this study (9 males and 7 females). Blood samples were collected in two periods of the training cycle: specific preparation training and tapering period. Species reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and total peroxides were determined as lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Creatine kinase was determined as a parameter of muscular cell damage. The technical index reached in the style of specialization of each athlete was used as a competitive performance parameter. The technical index was determined in the preparatory competition Trophy Electro Bonini carried out in the specific preparatory period and in the Championship of São Paulo State carried out in the end of the tapering period (769.6 ± 51.1 points) in comparison with the Trophy Electro Bonini (751.1 ± 55.7 points). Significant reductions In the TBARS concentration ((5.7 ± 2.9 vs 3.3 ± 2.2µmol/L) and total peroxides (45.1±20.6 vs 29.6±13.0 µmol H2O2/L) were found In the tapering period concerning the specific preparatory period. The same situation was not found for creatine kinase ((123.6 ± 60.1 vs 137.4 ± 74.9U/L). CONCLUSION: The significant decrease in the biomarkers of lipid peroxidation derived from the decrease in the volume and intensity of training after the tapering training demonstrates the influence of the training variations on the oxidative stress and its possible relation with performance.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications