915 research outputs found
Triorganotin(IV) derivatives of 7-amino-2-(methylthio)[1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, in vitro antimicrobial activity and X-ray crystallography
Triorganotin(IV) complexes of the 7-amino-2-(methylthio)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic
acid (HL), Me3SnL(H2O), (1), [n-Bu3SnL]2(H2O), (2), Ph3SnL(MeOH), (3), were synthesized by reacting the
amino acid with organotin(IV) hydroxides or oxides in refluxing methanol. The complexes have been characterized
by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR, IR, Raman and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic
techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were obtained for compounds (2) and (3). Ph3SnL(MeOH)
presents a trigonal bipyramidal structure with the organic groups on the equatorial plane and the axial
positions occupied by a ligand molecule, coordinated to tin through the carboxylate, and a solvent molecule,
MeOH. A similar structure is proposed for Me3SnL(H2O) on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic
data. The tributyltin(IV) derivative, [n-Bu3SnL]2(H2O), is characterized by two different tin sites with similar
tbp geometry featured by butyl groups on the equatorial plane. Sn(1) and Sn(2) atoms are axially
bridged by a ligand molecule binding through the N(4) and the carboxylate group; the two coordination
spheres are saturated by another ligand molecule, binding the metal through the carboxylate group, and a
water molecule, respectively. Antimicrobial tests on compounds 1 and 2 showed in vitro activity against
Gram-positive bacteria
Sorteio intradomiciliar em inquĂ©ritos de saĂșde
OBJETIVO : Comparar a eficiĂȘncia e a acurĂĄcia de delineamentos de amostragem com e sem sorteio intradomiciliar em inquĂ©ritos de saĂșde. MĂTODOS : Com base nos dados de um inquĂ©rito realizado na Baixada Santista, SP, entre 2006 e 2007, foram retiradas 1.000 amostras sob cada um dos delineamentos e, em cada amostra, foram obtidas estimativas para pessoas de 18 a 59 anos de idade e de 18 anos e mais. Sob o primeiro, foram sorteados 40 setores censitĂĄrios, 12 domicĂlios por setor e uma pessoa por domicĂlio. Na anĂĄlise, os dados foram ponderados pelo nĂșmero de adultos residentes nos domicĂlios. Sob o segundo, foram sorteados 40 setores, seis domicĂlios por setor para o grupo de 18 a 59 anos de idade e cinco ou seis domicĂlios para o grupo de 18 anos e mais. NĂŁo houve sorteio dentro do domicĂlio. Medidas de precisĂŁo e de vĂcio das estimativas de proporção para 11 indicadores foram calculadas nos dois conjuntos finais das amostras selecionadas para os dois tipos de delineamentos. Estes foram comparados por meio das medidas relativas: coeficiente de variação, razĂŁo vĂcio/mĂ©dia, razĂŁo vĂcio/erro padrĂŁo e erro quadrĂĄtico mĂ©dio relativo. O custo foi comparado considerando custo bĂĄsico por pessoa, custo por domicĂlio e nĂșmeros de pessoas e domicĂlios. RESULTADOS : Os vĂcios mostraram-se desprezĂveis nos dois delineamentos. A precisĂŁo foi maior para o delineamento sem sorteio e o custo foi menor. CONCLUSĂES : O delineamento sem sorteio intradomicilar mostrou-se superior em termos de eficiĂȘncia e acurĂĄcia, devendo ser a opção preferencial do pesquisador. O sorteio de moradores deve ser adotado quando houver razĂ”es referentes ao objeto de estudo que possam levar Ă introdução de vĂcios nas respostas dos entrevistados no caso de vĂĄrios moradores responderem ao questionĂĄrio proposto
Split tendon transfers for the correction of spastic varus foot deformity: a case series study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Overactivity of anterior and/or posterior tibial tendon may be a causative factor of spastic varus foot deformity. The prevalence of their dysfunction has been reported with not well defined results. Although gait analysis and dynamic electromyography provide useful information for the assessment of the patients, they are not available in every hospital. The purpose of the current study is to identify the causative muscle producing the deformity and apply the most suitable technique for its correction.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We retrospectively evaluated 48 consecutive ambulant patients (52 feet) with spastic paralysis due to cerebral palsy. The average age at the time of the operation was 12,4 yrs (9-18) and the mean follow-up 7,8 yrs (4-14). Eigtheen feet presented equinus hind foot deformity due to gastrocnemius and soleus shortening. According to the deformity, the feet were divided in two groups (Group I with forefoot and midfoot inversion and Group II with hindfoot varus). The deformities were flexible in all cases in both groups. Split anterior tibial tendon transfer (SPLATT) was performed in Group I (11 feet), while split posterior tibial tendon transfer (SPOTT) was performed in Group II (38 feet). In 3 feet both procedures were performed. Achilles tendon sliding lengthening (Hoke procedure) was done in 18 feet either preoperatively or concomitantly with the index procedure.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results in Group I, were rated according to Hoffer's clinical criteria as excellent in 8 feet and satisfactory in 3, while in Group II according to Kling's clinical criteria were rated as excellent in 20 feet, good in 14 and poor in 4. The feet with poor results presented residual varus deformity due to intraoperative technical errors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overactivity of the anterior tibial tendon produces inversion most prominent in the forefoot and midfoot and similarly overactivity of the posterior tibial tendon produces hindfoot varus. The deformity can be clinically unidentifiable in some cases when Achilles shortening co-exists producing foot equinus. By identifying the muscle causing the deformity and performing the appropriate technique, very satisfying results were achieved in the majority of our cases. In three feet both muscles contributed to a combined deformity and simultaneous SPLATT and SPOTT were considered necessary. For complex foot deformities where the component of cavus co-exists, supplementary procedures are required along with the index operation to obtain the best result.</p
Transition of plasmodium sporozoites into liver stage-like forms is regulated by the RNA binding protein pumilio
Many eukaryotic developmental and cell fate decisions that are effected post-transcriptionally involve RNA binding proteins as regulators of translation of key mRNAs. In malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.), the development of round, non-motile and replicating exo-erythrocytic liver stage forms from slender, motile and cell-cycle arrested sporozoites is believed to depend on environmental changes experienced during the transmission of the parasite from the mosquito vector to the vertebrate host. Here we identify a Plasmodium member of the RNA binding protein family PUF as a key regulator of this transformation. In the absence of Pumilio-2 (Puf2) sporozoites initiate EEF development inside mosquito salivary glands independently of the normal transmission-associated environmental cues. Puf2- sporozoites exhibit genome-wide transcriptional changes that result in loss of gliding motility, cell traversal ability and reduction in infectivity, and, moreover, trigger metamorphosis typical of early Plasmodium intra-hepatic development. These data demonstrate that Puf2 is a key player in regulating sporozoite developmental control, and imply that transformation of salivary gland-resident sporozoites into liver stage-like parasites is regulated by a post-transcriptional mechanism
Excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal em mulheres atendidas em Unidade da EstratĂ©gia SaĂșde da FamĂlia
Investigou-se a prevalĂȘncia de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal e variĂĄveis associadas em mulheres. Estudo transversal com 298 mulheres (20-59 anos), usuĂĄrias de uma unidade da EstratĂ©gia SaĂșde da FamĂlia, em SĂŁo Paulo-SP. Considerou-se o excesso de peso: Ăndice de massa corporal>25kg/mÂČ; a obesidade abdominal: circunferĂȘncia da cintura 0,80m ou razĂŁo cintura-quadril>0,85. Realizou-se anĂĄlise de regressĂŁo logĂstica. O excesso de peso afetou 56% das mulheres, sendo 37% sobrepeso e 19% obesidade, e associou-se com a idade, renda familiar, tabagismo e hipertensĂŁo. 59% tinham obesidade abdominal associada Ă idade e hipertensĂŁo. Observou-sea elevada prevalĂȘncia de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal em mulheres, reforçando a importĂąncia da avaliação de circunferĂȘncia da cintura e/ou razĂŁo cintura-quadril no exame fĂsico, alĂ©m do Ăndice de massa corporal, auxiliadores da predição de risco. Evidencia-se a necessidade de intervençÔes, junto Ă comunidade, que promovam a diminuição do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal
Vocal Communications and the Maintenance of Population Specific Songs in a Contact Zone
Bird song has been hypothesized to play a role in several important aspects of the biology of songbirds, including the generation of taxonomic diversity by speciation; however, the role that song plays in speciation within this group may be dependent upon the ability of populations to maintain population specific songs or calls in the face of gene flow and external cultural influences. Here, in an exploratory study, we construct a spatially explicit model of population movement to examine the consequences of secondary contact of populations singing distinct songs. We concentrate on two broad questions: 1) will population specific songs be maintained in a contact zone or will they be replaced by shared song, and 2) what spatial patterns in the distribution of songs may result from contact? We examine the effects of multiple factors including song-based mating preferences and movement probabilities, oblique versus paternal learning of song, and both cultural and genetic mutations. We find a variety of conditions under which population specific songs can be maintained, particularly when females have preferences for their population specific songs, and we document many distinct patterns of song distribution within the contact zone, including clines, banding, and mosaics
Brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-pro-BNP) levels predict for clinical benefit to sunitinib treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sunitinib is an oral, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although the majority of sunitinib-treated patients receive a clinical benefit, almost a third of the patients will not respond. Currently there is no available marker that can predict for response in these patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We estimated the plasma levels of NT-pro-BNP (the N-terminal precursor of brain natriuretic peptide) in 36 patients that were treated with sunitinib for metastatic clear-cell renal carcinoma.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From the 36 patients, 9 had progressive disease and 27 obtained a clinical benefit (objective response or disease stabilization). Increases in plasma NT-pro-BNP were strongly correlated to clinical outcome. Patients with disease progression increased plasma BNP at statistically significant higher levels than patients that obtained a clinical benefit, and this was evident from the first 15 days of treatment (a three-fold increase in patients with progressive disease compared to stable NT-pro-BNP levels in patients with clinical benefit, p < 0.0001). Median progression-free survival was 12.0 months in patients with less than 1.5 fold increases (n = 22) and 3.9 months in patients with more than 1.5 fold increases in plasma NT-pro-BNP (n = 13) (log-rank test, p = 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first time that a potential "surrogate marker" has been reported with such a clear correlation to clinical benefit at an early time of treatment. Due to the relative small number of accessed patients, this observation needs to be further addressed on larger cohorts. More analyses, including multivariate analyses are needed before such an observation can be used in clinical practice.</p
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