Office PD-linssin degressiovertailu

Teimme opinnäytetyömme Piiloset by Finnsusp Oy:n Office PD -linssin degressiovertailusta. Piiloset Office PD on yksilöllisellä Freeform-tekniikalla valmistettu toimistokäyttöön tarkoitettu silmälasilinssi. Tarkoituksena oli tutkia kyseisen toimistolinssin kahden eri degression vaikutusta näköalueeseen. Tutkimme valitseeko tutkittava lasit, joissa on enemmän vääristymiä mutta näköalue laajenee vai lasit, joissa on vähemmän vääristymiä mutta joilla näkökenttä on kapeampi. Kuuden henkilön tutkimusjoukko testasi kaksia silmälaseja erisuuruisella degressiolla neljän viikon ajan lähityöskentelyssä. Opinnäytetyössämme käytimme laadullista tutkimusmenetelmää, jonka yhtenä osa-alueena on tapaustutkimus. Tässä menetelmässä tutkittava kohdejoukko valitaan tarkoituksenmukaisesti ja valittujen henkilöiden täytyy täyttää tietyt valintakriteerit, jotta tutkimustulokset olisivat vertailukelpoisia. Aineistonkeruumenetelminä käytimme haastattelua sekä tutkimushenkilöiden täyttämiä kyselylomakkeita ja päiväkirjoja. Loppuhaastattelu tuki päiväkirjamerkintöjä sekä kyselylomaketta. Haastattelussa pystyimme selventämään tutkittavien tekemiä päiväkirjamerkintöjä. Teoriaosuudessa käsittelimme iän vaikutusta näkemiseen ja aikuisnäköä sekä siihen liittyviä linssiratkaisuja. Tutkimushenkilöt pitivät yleisesti molempia laseja hyvinä. Kummatkaan lasit eivät siis olleet ylivoimaisesti toisia paremmat. Tutkimuksen lopuksi tutkittavat joutuivat kuitenkin laittamaan lasit paremmuusjärjestykseen. Neljä tutkittavaa kuudesta valitsi mieluummin lasit, joissa oli laajempi näköalue ja tällöin myös vähemmän vääristymiä.Our final project was a degression comparison study of a Piiloset Office PD lens manufactured by Piiloset by Finnsusp Oy. Piiloset Office PD lens is designed for office situations with individual Freeform technology. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of two different degressions on area of vision with Piiloset Office PD lens. We studied if test persons choose spectackles with low level of distortion and wider area of vision or spectacles with increased distortions and decreased area of vision. A test group of six persons used two pairs of spectacles with different degressions for four weeks at near vision work. We used a qualitative research method in our final project. Case study is one sector of qualitative research method, where particular kind of test group is chosen and test persons have to fill certain requirements to gain comparable research results. We gathered information by interviewing the testees and from questionnaires and diaries filled by the testees. The interviews helped us understand better the answers in the diaries. In the theoretical part we handled aging related vision, presbyopia and different kinds of lens options for presbyopics. Testees generally considered both lenses good and results did not show big differences between lenses. In the end of the study testees were forced to choose one from the two options. Four out of six testees preferred wider area of vision and thereby less distortions

Ethical Food Entrepreneurship (EFE) - Erasmus+ Project: Food for People – Planet – Profit

The food industry is a complex, collective of diverse businesses that supply our food in the context of great environmental challenge. The world’s growing food demand and the need for ethical and sustainable practices have become a challenge that the EU and the UN are encouraging us all to tackle. The food and drink industry is the EU's biggest manufacturing sector in terms of jobs and value-added. The industry is dominated by SMEs; however, self-employment in the EU has not risen in decades. Potential entrepreneurs and SMEs have been slow to respond - because they lack professional capacity or skills to innovate/orchestrate change in business development, production and marketing of ethical food. We want to initiate a change in this regard with EFE and encourage/promote potential entrepreneurs to take that leap with support and knowledge.The main objective of the present work is to present the Ethical Food Entrepreneurship (EFE) Project, an Erasmus+ ProjecThis work was financially supported by the European Union (Project Code: 2021-1-FI01-KA220- HED-000032252) through the action KA220-HED - Cooperation partnerships in higher education, and the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and the FEDER under the PT2020 program (UID/AGR/00690/2020). The authors also thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for the financial support of the national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) unit and the Associate Laboratory SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contribution of diet to the composition of the human gut microbiota

This paper is part of the Proceedings from the 2013 ENGIHR Conference in Valencia, Spain. More papers from this supplement can be found at http://www.microbecolhealthdis.net Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2015. © 2015 Daniela Graf et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge the support of the European Science Foundation (ESF), in the framework of the Research Networking Programe, The European Network for Gastrointestinal Health Research.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Aisti-informaatiosta havainnoksi : värikonstanssin ongelma

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Onnistuneeseen kivunhoitoon vaikuttavat tekijät muistisairaan hoitotyössä: Kuvaileva kirjallisuuskatsaus

Monet kipua aiheuttavat sairaudet lisääntyvät iän myötä. Muistisairaan kipua voi olla vaikea tunnistaa ja kivusta kommunikointi vaikeutuu, kun muistisairaus etenee. Alihoidettuna kipu heikentää muistisairaan elämänlaatua ja toimintakykyä. Hoitohenkilökunnan osaaminen ja koulutus, sekä muistisairaan asiakkaan tunteminen, tulkitseminen ja läheiset ihmiset ovat avainasemassa hoidettaessa kipua. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena onnistuneeseen kivunhoitoon vaikuttavista tekijöistä muistisairaan ihmisen hoitotyössä. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kuvata mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat onnistuneeseen kivunhoitoon muistisairaiden hoitotyössä. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli lisätä tietoa muistisairaiden onnistuneesta kivunhoidosta ja arvioinnista hoitotyön ammattilaisille ja opiskelijoille näyttöön perustuen. Opinnäytetyötä ohjasivat kolme (3) tutkimuskysymystä, joihin etsittiin aineistoista tarkkoja vastauksia. Tutkimuskysymykset muodostettiin arvioimalla, mitkä tekijät voivat vaikuttaa muistisairaiden onnistuneeseen kivunhoitoon. Kaksitoista (12) tutkimusartikkelia vastasivat tutkimuskysymyksiin. Tietoa kerättiin käyttäen luotettavia tietokantoja kuten Medic, Terveysportti, Pubmed, Cinahl ja Doria. Opinnäytetyön analyysimenetelmänä käytettiin aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Tuloksista nousi, että onnistuneeseen kivunhoitoon vaikuttavia tekijöitä olivat kivun arviointi, sekä lääkkeettömät ja lääkkeelliset kivunhoitomenetelmät. Muistisairaiden kivun hoidossa tulee tutkimusten mukaan erityisesti huomioida lääkkeiden aiheuttamat sivuvaikutukset ja heillä tulisi käyttää lääkkeellisten sekä lääkkeettömien kivunhoitomenetelmien yhdistämistä

Genetic Association and Altered Gene Expression of CYBB in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by macrophages and leading to oxidative stress, have been implicated as mediators of demyelination and axonal injury in both MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the murine model of the disease. On the other hand, reduced ROS levels can increase susceptibility to autoimmunity. In this work, we screened for association with MS 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two microsatellite markers in the five genes (NCF1, NCF2, NCF4, CYBA, and CYBB) of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) system, the enzymatic pathway producing ROS in the brain and neural tissues, in 347 Finnish patients with MS and 714 unaffected family members. This analysis showed suggestive association signals for NCF1 and CYBB (lowest p = 0.038 and p = 0.013, respectively). Functional relevance for disease predisposition was further supported for the CYBB gene, by microarray analysis in CD4+/− mononuclear cells of 21 individuals from five Finnish multiplex MS families, as well as by real-time RT-PCRs performed on RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an Italian replication cohort of 21 MS cases and 21 controls. Our results showed a sex-specific differential expression of CYBB, suggesting that this gene, and more in general the NOX2 system, deserve to be further investigated for their possible role in MS.Peer reviewe

Relationship between Fried's frailty phenotype and oral frailty in long-term care residents

Background: oral frailty (OFr) may be called a syndrome lacking a consensus on its definition. Objective: the aim was to prove the relationship between OFr to the phenotype of frailty, general health and nutrition in long-term care. Design: the FINnish ORAL Health Study in Long-Term Care study is a cross-sectional clinical research comprising findings on oral and general health and nutrition. Setting: participants were divided into groups according to the number of OFr signs: Group 1 (0-1 sign), Group 2 (2-4 signs) and Group 3 (5-6 signs). Subjects: the study includes data on 349 older residents of long-term care facilities in Helsinki, Finland. Methods: frailty status was defined according to Fried's frailty phenotype. OFr was evaluated with six signs: dry mouth, diet of pureed or soft food, residue of food on oral surfaces, unclear speech, inability to keep mouth open during the clinical oral examination and pain expression during the examination. Results: a significant linear relationship across the OFr groups with Fried's frailty phenotype was found (P for linearity = 0.008, adjusted by gender and age). A linear trend existed between OFr groups and general health; prevalence of dementia and malnutrition increased from Group 1 to Group 3. The need for help with eating and oral hygiene procedures increased from Group 1 to Group 3. Moreover, OFr had a linear relationship with chewing and swallowing difficulties. Conclusions: OFr is related to Fried's frailty phenotype, general health, nutrition and need for help with daily activities.Peer reviewe

Utilisation of co-streams in the Norwegian food processing industry

Food losses occur throughout the entire food chain, from primary production via postharvest handling and storage, to food processing, distribution, retailing and consumption. Globally, food losses account for about one third of the total food produced for human consumption. The aim of this report was to map the production and utilisation of co-streams in the food processing industry in Norway and to discuss possibilities for alternative utilisation based on qualitative aspects of the co-streams, and current legislation. This report is produced by work package 3 in the CYCLE project (2013-2016), “Total utilisation of raw materials in the supply chain for food with a bio-economical perspective”. The CYCLE project aims to improve resource utilisation in the Norwegian food chain by developing sustainable eco-friendly bio-processes and novel technology, in close relationship with food industry partners. Inputs and outputs of organic materials were roughly mapped at selected food processing plants presenting three Norwegian food chains: 1) Vegetables and potatoes; 2) white and pelagic fish; and 3) poultry. Data was collected during plant visits in June 2013, and later checked by staff from the described plants. The report describes the qualitative properties of co-streams, and their current utilisation as feed, fertiliser and as substrate for bioenergy production. We also present relevant regulations in EU and Norway regarding processing and utilisation of co-streams, and discuss alternative utilisation. Altogether, the food processing plants had significant market shares in Norway within fresh potatoes (38%), lettuce (17%), poultry meat (24%) and white and pelagic fish, where export makes up a large proportion. Generally, a large proportion of the raw materials were utilised as food and feed. On average for all plants, 75% of the raw material was utilised in food products, 21% in feed products, 1% in fertiliser and bioenergy production and 3% was deposited in landfill. The plants used in average 8.6 tonnes of process water per tonne of food produced, but the amount varied considerably between the plants. Possible improvements in the utilisation of raw materials and co-streams include a higher degree of utilisation in food products, and developing new or improved feed components from co-streams with increased nutritional value. Due to the current high degree of utilisation in food and feed applications with high economic values, the potential for bioenergy and fertiliser production is limited to certain risk materials. Feed potatoes and vegetables and feathers, bones, blood, viscera and skin from fish or poultry have considerable potential for better utilisation for food or feed. Relevant processing methods for these co-streams are fractionation, hydrolysis, fermentation and drying

Oral hygiene and health-related quality of life in institutionalized older people

Purpose We evaluated the level of oral hygiene and its association with oral health status and need for oral treatment among older residents in long-term care facilities. In addition, the association between oral hygiene level and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was explored. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed 231 dentate residents in long-term care facilities (71% female, mean age 81 years, 70% had dementia). Nurses assessed residents and completed questionnaires on participants' background information, diagnoses, oral healthcare habits, and HRQoL with the 15D instrument. Two qualified dentists performed clinical oral examinations (number of teeth, plaque index, periodontal condition, open caries lesions, and dry mouth). We used a modified plaque index (PI) to measure the level of oral hygiene (good, moderate, and poor) and calculated the clinical Asymptotic Dental Score (ADS) to determine the oral inflammation burden. Results Of the residents, 21% had good, 35% moderate, and 44% poor oral hygiene according to PI. Poor oral hygiene was associated with poorer cognitive status (P = 0.010) and higher oral inflammation burden (P < 0.001). Moreover, poor oral hygiene was associated with poorer HRQoL in a correlation analysis adjusted for age and gender. Conclusions Oral hygiene of older individuals in long-term care is insufficient. Poor oral hygiene is a marker for poor HRQoL. Residents also have a high burden of oral inflammatory diseases and a need for dental care. Older residents' oral hygiene and HRQoL may be improved with oral care education of caregivers and regular dental check-ups. Key summary pointsAim We evaluated oral hygiene level and its association with oral health and general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older residents in long-term care facilities. Findings Only one-fifth of residents had good oral hygiene. Poor oral hygiene was associated with poor oral health and diminished HRQoL. Message Oral hygiene, oral health, and HRQoL may be improved with oral care education of caregivers, professional cooperation, and regular oral healthcare of older residents in long-term care facilities.Peer reviewe