The relationship between the normal state Fermi liquid scattering rate and the superconducting state

International audienceMany superconductors show a low temperature electrical resistivity of Fermi liquid type ρ =AT2. We show empirically that there exists a relationship between A and Tc when both vary under an external parameter, such as pressure. The more resistive the compound the higher the Tc. Through the analysis of Landau theory of FL, we find that it is a general feature of FL, due to the fact that the scattering that is the main cause of τ is the same one that bounds the pairs that condensed at Tc. We devise a method that allows the determination of the coupling constant λ, which is validated through application to 3He-'s superfluid transitions and τ's extracted from different properties. This method works for conventional superconductors, but fails with heavy fermions

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with chronic granulomatous disease: the Spanish experience

Children; Chronic granulomatous disease; Graft failureNens; Malaltia granulomatosa crònica; Fracàs de l'empeltNiños; Enfermedad granulomatosa crónica; Fracaso del injertoIntroduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) can cure chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). However, transplant-associated morbidity or mortality may occur, and it is still controversial which patients benefit from this procedure. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of pediatric patients who received HCT in one of the Spanish pediatric transplant units. Results: Thirty children with a median age of 6.9 years (range 0.6–12.7) were evaluated: 8 patients received a transplant from a sibling donor (MSD), 21 received a transplant from an unrelated donor (UD), and 1 received a haploidentical transplant. The majority of the patients received reduced-intensity conditioning regimens based on either busulfan plus fludarabine or treosulfan. Relevant post-HCT complications were as follows: i) graft failure (GF), with a global incidence of 28.26% (CI: 15.15–48.88), 11.1% in patients with MSD (1.64–56.70) and 37.08% in unrelated donors (19.33–63.17); and ii) chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), with an incidence of 20.5% (8.9–43.2), 11.1% in patients with MSD (1.64–56.70) and 26.7% in unrelated donors (10.42–58.44). Post-HCT infections were usually manageable, but two episodes of pulmonary aspergillosis were diagnosed in the context of graft rejection. The 2-year OS was 77.3% (55.92–89.23). There were no statistically significant differences among donor types. Discussion: HCT in patients with CGD is a complex procedure with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients who receive grafts from unrelated donors. These factors need to be considered in the decision-making process and when discussing conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis

SER CRIANÇA NA CLASSE HOSPITALAR: A DIMENSÃO PSICOLÓGICA NA INTERFACE EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE

A hospitalização na infância pode alterar significativamente o desenvolvimento dos pacientes envolvidos, uma vez que restringe as suas relações de convivência, dado o afastamento da família, dos amigos e da sua escola, substituída por um ambiente onde a dor e a doença podem vir a ser presenças constantes. O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, a contribuição da Classe Hospitalar (CH) sobre as dificuldades recorrentes da hospitalização de crianças em idade escolar, considerando-se os aspectos emocionais, físicos e cognitivos envolvidos neste contexto. Com base no levantamento bibliográfico realizado, verificou-se a existência de um consenso sobre os benefícios da CH, que, ao promover aprendizagem de conteúdos escolares, concomitantemente participa positivamente do desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional dos alunos

Relationship of Bode Index to Functional Tests in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a correlation between the BODE Index and variables assessed during the Activities of Daily Living assessment, performance on lower limber tests, and peripheral muscle impairment of the upper limb in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten men (aged 58 to 80 years old) with moderate to very severe obstruction were evaluated and classified by the BODE Index. They were evaluated by pulmonary ventilation (V•E), oxygen consumption (V•O2), and carbonic gas production (V•CO2) on the ADL assessment; Distance Walking (DW) in the Six Minute Walking Test (6MWT) and the Six Minute Walking Test on Treadmill (6MWTT); number of repetitions in the Sit-to-Stand Test; and the Hand Grip Strength Test. Correlations were evaluated between the classification and the tests performed (Pearson and Spearman test, p<0.05). RESULTS: The mean of the total score for the BODE Index was 2.80 (±1.03), with three patients scoring in the first quartile (Q1) and seven scoring in the second quartile (Q2). This Index showed a negative correlation with the 6MWTT (r=-0.86), the Sit-to-Stand Test (r=-0.66), and the Hand Grip Strength Test (r=-0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that there is no correlation between the BODE Index and the ventilatory and metabolic responses in the Activities of Daily Living assessment. On the other hand, a correlation was observed between the BODE Index and the variables assessed in the 6MWTT, Sit-to-Stand Test, and Hand Grip Strength Test in moderate to very severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients. This suggests that these tests can be employed as predictors of physical exercise capacity, perhaps as complementary tests to the BODE Index

The Wind Employment in Spain (1995-2010): A Theoretical Approximation Applied to the Region of Galicia

The development of the renewable energies, and especially of the wind power, in the last decades has stayed out of any discussion. The advantages associated with the energy of the odd wind have considered in occasions authentic information that they them should corroborate. For example, about the streghness of creating jobs, there do not exist official statistics that gather the dimension of the created employment, without forgetting that the field of the energy stands out for being intensive in the capital. In this paper, there is realized an analysis of the different bibliographical sources relative to the generation of employment in the wind sector in Spain, establishing a few margins  of the creation of the same one for categories for the region of Galicia, in the period (1995-2010). Keywords: Renewable energy; wind energy; wind promotors JEL Classifications: Q25; Q43; 01

A circular economy framework for seafood waste valorisation to meet challenges and opportunities for intensive production and sustainability

There is a growing concern among societies and consumers over food security and the sustainability of food production systems. For seafood, it has been highly advocated as a healthy food source and its sustainability credentials. However, the increasing global demand for seafood and the need to supply the quantities are creating sustainability issues, e.g., the importation of plant and marine proteins for aquafeed production. Consequently, there is a necessary need to analyse the supply chain and life cycle of these systems to determine their sustainability merits and how to enhance them. The circular economy (CE) aims to reduce processing by-product underutilisation, increase the rate of reuse, and reduce pressure on natural resources and systems. For seafood, there are large quantities of biomass that are being lost through bycatch/discards, waste from aquaculture (e.g., sludge and wastewater), and by-products generated through processing (e.g., trimmings and offal). These can all be valorised for the generation of feeds, value-added products, or further food production. This review will focus on seafood by-products generated during the processing into consumer products, and the current methods that could be used to manage or treat these waste streams. The review presents a stepwise framework that outlines valorisation opportunities for seafood by-products. This framework can enable producers, operators, regulators, and investors to integrate with the principles of the CE with the consideration of achieving economic viability. The challenges of seafood loss due to climate change and emerging recycling strategies will also need to be considered and integrated into the valorisation pathways. Communication, education, and engagement with stakeholders are key to transitioning to a circular economy. Where increase awareness and acceptance will create drivers and demand for seafood by-product valorisation. Overall, the impact of such a circular production system will potentially lead to higher production efficiency, reduce demand for natural resources, and greater seafood production. All of which addresses many of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals by contributing towards future food security and sustainability.This work was supported by the EAPA_576/2018 NEPTUNUS project. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Interreg Atlantic Area. A.H.L Wan was co-funded under the HYDROfish project (2019–2022) which was funded under the Disruptive Technologies Innovation Fund (DTIF), established under Project Ireland 2040, run by the Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment with administrative support from Enterprise Ireland. His opinions expressed are his own. The authors would also like to thank Matt Bell for his editorial assistance

Análise da demanda metabólica e ventilatória durante a execução de atividades de vida diária em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) report that fatigue and dyspnea are the main symptoms experienced as a result of efforts made during the realization of daily life activities (DLA). Based on this context, this study aimed to analyze and compare individuals with COPD (FEV1Individuos con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) relatan como principales síntomas la fatiga y disnea como resultado de los mínimos esfuerzos realizados para Actividades de Vida Diaria (AVD). Basados en este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar individuos con DPOC - Grupo 1(G1) y individuos sanos - Grupo 2 (G2) durante la realización de cinco AVD: cambiar lámpara (L), elevar peso (P), barrer (B), escalar grada (D) y caminar en cinta mecánica (C) en los siguientes aspectos: reserva metabólica (RM) y ventilatoria (RV), de frecuencia cardiaca (RFC), oxigenación y sensación de disnea (SD). Para el G1, hubo disminución significativa de la RM con relación al reposo (R) en las 5 AVD (Friedman ANOVA; pIndivíduos com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) relatam como principais sintomas a fadiga e dispnéia aos mínimos esforços envolvidos nas Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD). Baseados nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar indivíduos com DPOC (VEF

Cost-effectiveness of a European ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction network : results from the Catalan Codi Infart network

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) network of Catalonia (Codi Infart). Cost-utility analysis. The analysis was from the Catalonian Autonomous Community in Spain, with a population of about 7.5 million people. Patients with STEMI treated within the autonomous community of Catalonia (Spain) included in the IAM CAT II-IV and Codi Infart registries. Costs included hospitalisation, procedures and additional personnel and were obtained according to the reperfusion strategy. Clinical outcomes were defined as 30-day avoided mortality and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), before (N=356) and after network implementation (N=2140). A substitution effect and a technology effect were observed; aggregate costs increased by 2.6%. The substitution effect resulted from increased use of primary coronary angioplasty, a relatively expensive procedure and a decrease in fibrinolysis. Primary coronary angioplasty increased from 31% to 89% with the network, and fibrinolysis decreased from 37% to 3%. Rescue coronary angioplasty declined from 11% to 4%, and no reperfusion from 21% to 4%. The technological effect was related to improvements in the percutaneous coronary intervention procedure that increased efficiency, reducing the average length of the hospital stay. Mean costs per patient decreased from €8306 to €7874 for patients with primary coronary angioplasty. Clinical outcomes in patients treated with primary coronary angioplasty did not change significantly, although 30-day mortality decreased from 7.5% to 5.6%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio resulted in an extra cost of €4355 per life saved (30-day mortality) and €495 per QALY. Below a cost threshold of €30 000, results were sensitive to variations in costs and outcomes. The Catalan STEMI network (Codi Infart) is cost-efficient. Further studies are needed in geopolitical different scenarios

Pooling for SARS-CoV-2 control in care institutions

BACKGROUND: Workers and residents in Care Homes are considered at special risk for the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection, due to the infectivity and high mortality rate in the case of residents, compared to other containment areas. The role of presymptomatic people in transmission has been shown to be important and the early detection of these people is critical for the control of new outbreaks. Pooling strategies have proven to preserve SARS-CoV-2 testing resources. The aims of the present study, based in our local experience, were (a) to describe SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in institutionalized people in Galicia (Spain) during the Coronavirus pandemic and (b) to evaluate the expected performance of a pooling strategy using RT-PCR for the next rounds of screening of institutionalized people. METHODS: A total of 25,386 Nasopharyngeal swab samples from the total of the residents and workers at Care Homes in Galicia (March to May 2020) were individually tested using RT-PCR. Prevalence and quantification cycle (Cq) value distribution of positives was calculated. Besides, 26 pools of 20 samples and 14 pools of 5 samples were tested using RT-PCR as well (1 positive/pool). Pooling proof of concept was performed in two populations with 1.7 and 2% prevalence. RESULTS: Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection at Care Homes was uneven (0-60%). As the virus circulation global rate was low in our area (3.32%), the number of people at risk of acquiring the infection continues to be very high. In this work, we have successfully demonstrated that pooling of different groups of samples at low prevalence clusters, can be done with a small average delay on Cq values (5 and 2.85 cycles for pools of 20 and 5 samples, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A new screening system with guaranteed protection is required for small clusters, previously covered with individual testing. Our proposal for Care Homes, once prevalence zero is achieved, would include successive rounds of testing using a pooling solution for transmission control preserving testing resources. Scale-up of this method may be of utility to confront larger clusters to avoid the viral circulation and keeping them operative