Migração feminina do meio rural: Um estudo de caso no município de Canguçu/RS

O presente trabalho pretendeu ampliar a compreensão das causas e consequências da migração de pessoas, em especial do sexo feminino, do meio rural para a cidade de Canguçu-RS. Para tanto, utilizou-se a combinação de instrumentos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres trabalhadoras urbanas, egressas do meio rural, e questionários junto a jovens rurais, buscando revelar elementos do seu contexto de vida e ambições pessoais e profissionais, no campo ou na cidade. Complementou-se o estudo com a utilização de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações de Gênero do IBGE (2000 - 2010). Para fins de análise das intenções dos jovens, foram realizadas comparações entre os dados dos questionários, considerando as variáveis de localização nos distritos e o sexo dos jovens questionados. O estudo aponta para uma maior tendência de migração rural-urbana entre os jovens do sexo feminino, o que acentuará o processo de masculinização do campo e provavelmente afetará o dinamismo da agricultura familiar em Canguçu, em longo prazo

O destino das unidades de produção familiares no meio rural: um estudo sobre a juventude no município de Morro Redondo - RS

A problemática da transmissão do patrimônio fundiário na Produção Agrícola Familiar apresenta grande potencialidade de conflito interno. Além disso, presencia-se, na atualidade brasileira, o êxodo rural acentuado dos jovens, a redução da taxa de natalidade e o envelhecimento da população, associado ao processo de masculinização. O presente estudo examina estas questões através de uma pesquisa realizada pelo departamento de Ciências Sociais Agrárias e o PPG em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar da UFPel, envolvendo pesquisa de campo com a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas para tentar retratar o conjunto de unidades familiares no município de Morro Redondo, RS. As entrevistas permitem concluir que o baixo nível de escolaridade se manifesta como um elemento que contribui na manutenção da juventude na atividade familiar

Interactive media on Chagas Disease: development and content

An interactive media on Chagas disease was developed as an educational tool, on the context of the scientific research and dissemination actions of the National Institute of Structural Biotechnology and Medicinal Chemistry in Infectious Diseases (INBEQMeDI). Different computational resources were used either in terms of hardware and software. The media contains 13 videos that range from 30 seconds to 4 minutes, all with information about Chagas disease, showing the social and economic aspects; the research made by the INBEQMeDI group; different aspects of the disease illustrated by slides arranged in a mobile carousel, and radio programs, with funny skits. The target audience for use of this feature is students aged 10 to 17 years. Teachers of areas of science and biology, through a partnership with the Agency of Education of the State of São Paulo, will be invited to plan a strategy for media use with their students.FAPESPCNP

AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE MORRO REDONDO-RS: EXPERIÊNCIAS COM O PROJETO QUINTAIS ORGÂNICOS DE FRUTAS

O presente estudo é parte do trabalho de conclusão de curso em Geografia (Licenciatura) do primeiro autor, que teve como objetivos caracterizar o Projeto Quintais Orgânicos de Frutas junto a agricultores familiares de Morro Redondo-RS e analisar os impactos do projeto na vida destes agricultores.  Contou-se com uma pesquisa qualitativa, coletando informações de seis propriedades a partir de questões norteadoras. De acordo com os dados obtidos através da pesquisa de campo identificou-se a motivação dos envolvidos em cultivar seus quintais, associado com outras atividades de fonte de renda externa. Também constatou-se a potencialidade dos quintais orgânicos para produção de alimentos para o autoconsumo, bem como de pessoas ligadas aos beneficiários e comercialização do excedente, assim como os benefícios resultantes da atividade de cultivo nos mesmos, como o bem-estar, a intensificação da relação familiar

Hepatitis A and E among immigrants and refugees in Central Brazil

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) among immigrants and refugees in Goiás, Central Brazil. METHODS Overall, 355 individuals were interviewed, and blood samples were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG. Anti-HEV-positive samples were similarly tested for HEV RNA. RESULTS All participants were from Latin American countries, most of whom, young adult males. The overall anti-HAV IgG prevalence was 87.4% (95%CI: 83.5–90.4), of whom 94.9%, 75.6%, and 60% were from Haiti, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries, respectively (p < 0.001). Age above 19 years and more than 36 months residing in Brazil were associated with a higher prevalence of previous HAV and HEV infection, respectively. Of the children eligible for HAV vaccination according to the National Immunization Program, only eight (44%) had been vaccinated. The overall anti-HEV IgG prevalence was 6.5% (95%CI: 4.4–9.5). All anti-HEV IgG-positive individuals were Haitians, including a child born in Brazil. HEV RNA was detected in two of the anti-HEV IgG-positive samples. CONCLUSION The survey detected a high prevalence of anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG among immigrants and refugees, and active HEV infection among some Haitian participants. Prevention measures are urgently required to interrupt enteric virus transmission in this emergent and vulnerable population

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 infection among immigrants and refugees in Central Brazil, an emerging vulnerable population

IntroductionMigratory flows play a significant role in the spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2). In the last decade, a substantial migration of individuals occurred from Haiti and Venezuela to Brazil. However, data on the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among these international migrants in Brazil are scarce. This study describes the prevalence of this infection among immigrants and refugees in Central Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 537 international migrants in the State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Participants were interviewed, and blood samples were collected. Serological screening for anti-HTLV-1/2 was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I + II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK), and seropositive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HTLV I/II, Fujirebio, Europe N.V., Belgium).ResultsThe majority of participants were males (54.4%), between 18 and 50 years old (78%; mean age: 29.1 years), self-declared black (55.1%), reported 1 to 12 years of formal education (70.9%), and were either Venezuelans (47.9%) or Haitians (39.7%). Additionally, 50.1% were immigrants, 49% were refugees, and five were Brazilian children (0.9%) born to Haitian immigrant parents. The overall prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.95% (95% CI: 0.31–2.28), with HTLV-1 at 0.19% and HTLV-2 at 0.76%. All seropositive individuals (n = 5) were refugees from Venezuela, resulting in a rate of 2.26% for anti-HTLV-1/2, HTLV-1 (0.45%) and HTLV-2 (1.81%) among Venezuelan refugees. Of the demographic and behavioral characteristics evaluated, unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner (≥2) in the previous 12 months were associated with HTLV-1/2 seropositivity among Venezuelans.ConclusionThis study revealed, despite the low seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among international migrants in Central Brazil, evidence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Venezuelan refugees. In addition, their characteristics highlight that specific social and health programs should be implemented for these emergent and socially vulnerable migrant groups

Relato de experiência sobre o curso “O biocombustível da biodiversidade” ligado ao projeto “Os novos talentos do Ensino Médio de Boa Vista-RR”

Este trabalho apresenta o relato de experiência do curso “O biocombustível da biodiversidade”. Foram selecionados 20 alunos da Escola Estadual Ana Libória, com o objetivo de apresentar o potencial energético da biodiversidade que os cerca. O curso foi executado em várias etapas: abordagem do tema, conceitos referentes à química e óleos vegetais, normas de segurança em laboratório, vidrarias e suas funções seguida de uma sequência de atividades práticas correlatas, como: coletas de material, métodos de extração de óleos vegetais, métodos cromatográficos e reacionais. O curso proporcionou a integração dos alunos com o ambiente de pesquisa na Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR e a vivência na prática dos conceitos e teorias

Relato de experiência sobre o curso “O biocombustível da biodiversidade” ligado ao projeto “Os novos talentos do Ensino Médio de Boa Vista-RR”

Este trabalho apresenta o relato de experiência do curso “O biocombustível da biodiversidade”. Foram selecionados 20 alunos da Escola Estadual Ana Libória, com o objetivo de apresentar o potencial energético da biodiversidade que os cerca. O curso foi executado em várias etapas: abordagem do tema, conceitos referentes à química e óleos vegetais, normas de segurança em laboratório, vidrarias e suas funções seguida de uma sequência de atividades práticas correlatas, como: coletas de material, métodos de extração de óleos vegetais, métodos cromatográficos e reacionais. O curso proporcionou a integração dos alunos com o ambiente de pesquisa na Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR e a vivência na prática dos conceitos e teorias

Coinfection with Different Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Interferes with the Host Immune Response to Infection

A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3+ and CD4+ T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio