Characterization of plant-based protein sources for use in canine and feline nutrition

The objective of this study was to determine the macronutrient composition and standardized amino acid digestibility of 14 novel, plant-based, protein sources. The 14 protein sources are comprised of protein concentrates (pea, potato, faba bean, yeast, and soy concentrates), pulses (garbanzo beans, navy beans, black beans, lentils, and peas), and byproducts (corn gluten meal, peanut flour, soybean meal, and soy flakes). Macronutrient compositions and a complete amino acid profile were analyzed for all 14 protein sources. Cecectomized roosters (n=4/treatment) were utilized in a precision-fed rooster assay to measure standardized amino acid digestibility and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (TMEn). The roosters were precision-fed 30g of a 1:1 ratio of an ingredient and corn mixture. Excreta was collected after 48h, freeze-dried, and analyzed for a complete amino acid profile. Due to the high amino acid digestibility and well-balanced essential amino acid profiles, these plant-based proteins have the potential to become viable protein sources in canine and feline diets

Trypanosoma cruzi DNA replication includes the sequential recruitment of pre-replication and replication machineries close to nuclear periphery

In eukaryotes, many nuclear processes are spatially compartmentalized. Previously, we have shown that in Trypanosoma cruzi, an early-divergent eukaryote, DNA replication occurs at the nuclear periphery where chromosomes remain constrained during the S phase of the cell cycle. We followed Orc1/Cdc6, a pre-replication machinery component and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a component of replication machinery, during the cell cycle of this protozoon. We found that, at the G(1) stage, TcOrc1/Cdc6 and TcPCNA are dispersed throughout the nuclear space. During the G(1)/S transition, TcOrc1/Cdc6 migrates to a region close to nuclear periphery. At the onset of S phase, TcPCNA is loaded onto the DNA and remains constrained close to nuclear periphery. Finally, in G(2), mitosis and cytokinesis, TcOrc1/Cdc6 and TcPCNA are dispersed throughout the nuclear space. Based on these findings, we propose that DNA replication in T. cruzi is accomplished by the organization of functional machineries in a spatial-temporal manner.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Parasitol Lab, Inst Butantan, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Lab Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, BR-21941 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Parasitol Lab, Inst Butantan, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Óbitos por acidentes de trânsito entre adolescentes e jovens: comportamento e uso de equipamentos de segurança

Introduction: Traffic accidents in the young population are an important cause of death in Brazil. Among the factors that contribute to its occurrence and fatality, the behavior of the driver stands out, especially when dealing with adolescents and young people, due to the characteristics of this age group. Objective: To analyze the traffic accidents that led to death, involving adolescents and young people (10 to 24 years old), in Cuiabá-MT, in 2009. Methods: A descriptive study, based on death certificates and household surveys Victims. Results: Deaths from motorcycle accidents (40.9%) and automobile accidents (31.8%) were highlighted, both in the driver condition. There was a predominance of males among the victims (86.4%). Among women, car drivers (66.7%) and pedestrians (33.3%) prevailed. Among men, motor vehicle drivers (47.4%) and motorcycle drivers (22.7%) stood out. Among the motorcycle victims, 44.4% did not wear a helmet, 55.5% did not respect the signs and 33.3% used alcohol and driving. Among the car drivers, 85.7% were not in the habit of wearing seat belts and 57.1% used alcohol and driving. Pedestrian victims did not usually cross the exclusive strip (50.0%) or wait for the green light for the pedestrian (50.0%). Cyclist victims did not wear helmets and agricultural machine drivers were not in the habit of wearing seat belts. Conclusions: The results point to the need for preventive actions that focus on the reduction of risk behavior in traffic, which may interrupt the chain of determination of these accidents. The importance of enforcement and compliance with the law regarding the use of safety equipment, speed limit, blood alcohol content, respect for signage and use of the pedestrian lane is added.Introdução: Os acidentes de trânsito na população jovem representam importante causa de óbito no Brasil. Entre os fatores que contribuem para sua ocorrência e fatalidade, destaca-se o comportamento do condutor, principalmente em se tratando de adolescentes e jovens, em virtude das características próprias dessa faixa etária. Objetivo: Analisar os acidentes de trânsito que levaram a óbito, envolvendo adolescentes e jovens (10 a 24 anos), em Cuiabá-MT, em 2009. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, a partir das declarações de óbito e de inquérito domiciliar com a família das vítimas. Resultados: Destacaram-se os óbitos por acidentes com motocicleta (40,9%) e automóvel (31,8%), ambos na condição de condutor. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino entre as vítimas (86,4%). Entre as mulheres, prevaleceram as condutoras de automóvel (66,7%) e pedestres (33,3%). Entre os homens, se sobressaíram os condutores de automóvel (47,4%) e de motocicleta (22,7%). Entre as vítimas condutoras de moto, 44,4% não costumavam usar capacete, 55,5% não respeitavam a sinalização e 33,3% costumavam ingerir álcool e dirigir. Entre as vítimas condutoras de automóvel, 85,7% não tinham o hábito de usar cinto de segurança e 57,1% costumavam ingerir álcool e dirigir. As vítimas pedestres não costumavam atravessar na faixa exclusiva (50,0%) e nem aguardar o sinal verde para o pedestre (50,0%). As vítimas ciclistas não costumavam usar capacete e os condutores de máquina agrícola não tinham o hábito de usar cinto de segurança. Conclusões: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de ações preventivas que enfoquem a redução do comportamento de risco no trânsito, o que pode interromper a cadeia de determinação destes acidentes. Soma-se a importância da fiscalização e cumprimento da lei no que se refere ao uso de equipamentos de segurança, limite de velocidade, índice de alcoolemia, respeito à sinalização e uso da faixa para pedestres

Method development for 234U and 230Th determination and application to fossil deep-water coral and authigenic carbonate dating from the Campos Basin - Brazil

A 234U and 230Th determination method based on an extraction chromatographic separation followed by ICP-MS with quadrupole (ICP-QMS) was developed. For authigenic carbonates, a second separation step with ion exchange chromatography in a HNO3 solution was added. These methods were applied to seven fossil deep-water coral and two authigenic carbonate samples from the continental slope of the Campos Basin - Brazil. The ages determined for the fossil corals samples from the same sediment core ranged from 9 to 202 ky with a 1% uncertainty, consistent with the values determined by 14C dating and with those determined by 230Th/234U using flow injection coupled to an ICP-QMS. One of the authigenic carbonates analyzed presented an age of approximately 80 ky. The other sample exhibited a 230Th/234U activity ratio close to equilibrium and out of the application range of the method

Childhood And Adolescent Obesity: How Many Extra Calories Are Responsible For Excess Of Weight?

To review the main articles on energy imbalance and obesity in order to quantify the daily energy surplus associated with weight gain in children and adolescents. Articles published in the last ten years, indexed in electronic databases Medline (Pubmed) and SciELO-Br. In the Medline database, the descriptor energy gap was used and describes the energy values ​​associated with changes in body weight in individuals or populations. In SciELO-Br database, the descriptors obesity, energy metabolism, energy balance, and energy imbalance were used, once it was not possible to find national articles discussing the energy gap. In the pediatric population, four studies were performed and indicate that children and adolescents are gradually gaining weight due to a small, but persistent, daily positive energy balance of 70 to 160kcal above the total energy suitable for growth. The results suggest that small changes in daily eating behavior as well as physical activity would be enough to prevent future weight gain in this population. gradual weight gain can be explained by small daily average of positive energy balance, from 70 to 160kcal above the total energy suitable for growth. The incentive to small changes in eating behavior and physical activities that promotes daily reduction of 160kcal can be an accessible practice in order to block weight gain in this population.31252-

Evaluation of bone loss in antibacterial coated dental implants: An experimental study in dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of antibacterial modified dental implants in the first stages of peri-implantitis. Thirty dental implants were inserted in the mandibular premolar sites of 5 beagle dogs. Sites were randomly assigned to Ti (untreated implants, 10 units), Ti_Ag (silver electrodeposition treatment, 10 units), and Ti_TSP (silanization treatment, 10 units). Coated implants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, interferometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two months after implant insertion, experimental peri-implantitis was initiated by ligature placement. Ligatures were removed 2 months later, and plaque formation was allowed for 2 additional months. Clinical and radiographic analyses were p¬erformed during the study. Implant-tissue samples were prepared for micro computed tomography, backscattered scanning electron microscopy, histomorphometric and histological analyses and ion release measurements. X-ray, SEM and histology images showed that vertical bone resorption in treated implants was lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). This effect is likely due to the capacity of the treatments to reduce bacteria colonization on the implant surface. Histological analysis suggested an increase of peri-implant bone formation on silanized implants. However, the short post-ligature period was not enough to detect differences in clinical parameters among implant groups. Within the limits of this study, antibacterial surface treatments have a positive effect against bone resorption induced by peri-implantitis.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Differentiation Among Brazilian Wine Regions Based on Lead Isotopic Data

For the first time, the isotope ratio of lead is reported in Brazilian red wines. The lead concentration and the ratios of Pb ratio data demonstrated that the wines of the Southern region have radiogenic features, whereas the wines of the Northeastern region ranged from slightly to very radiogenic. These results indicated that the lead concentrations in the wines from these Brazilian regions are influenced both by agricultural practices and by natural occurrences. Isotope ratios allowed for differentiation among the wines produced in these two important wine producing areas in Brazil and are emerging as a promising tool in the study of the geographical origin of Brazilian wines