Breve estudo espaço-temporal e de impacto do feriado de carnaval e de corpus christi sobre variáveis ambientais nas águas da Lagoa da Conceição - Florianópolis

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental.A Lagoa da Conceição localizada em Florianópolis, ilha de Santa Catarina (27º34'S - 48º27'W), vem sofrendo um intenso processo de eutrofização em virtude do aumento da urbanização desordenada na região. Inicialmente, a Lagoa foi dividida em quatro setores (Sul, Centro-Sul, Centro-Norte e Norte) de acordo com a sua geomorfologia, densidade demográfica e influência da maré. Amostras de água de sub-superfície e de fundo foram coletadas aleatoriamente em todo o corpo lagunar durante dois períodos de tempo: antes e depois do feriado de Carnaval e de Corpus Christi de 2003, sendo três dias antes e três depois e mais dois tomados ao acaso, sorteados em um intervalo de tempo total de 30 dias (15 antes e 15 depois). As amostras receberem tratamentos diferentes, de acordo com o objetivo do estudo: uma para a dinâmica espaço-temporal das variáveis físico-químicas e biológicas (verão e inverno) e outra para a avaliação do impacto (feriados de Carnaval e Corpus Christi). As variáveis determinadas foram: oxigênio dissolvido, pH, temperatura, salinidade, transparência, nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos (nitrato, nitrito, amônio e o-fosfato), fósforo e nitrogênio total dissolvido, fósforo e nitrogênio orgânico dissolvido, sulfeto, poli-fosfatos, clorofila-a e feofitina-a. As maiores concentrações de amônio e de NID foram encontradas no setor Norte (no verão). No setor Sul, foram verificados: a menor salinidade (setor mais abrigado), o maior valor de PTD (no inverno), de clorofila-a (no inverno) e de poli-fosfatos (no verão). Durante a campanha de verão, foi observada uma estratificação vertical nas águas profundas do setor Centro-Sul em função dos maiores valores de clorofila-a, salinidade, feofitina-a e sulfeto no fundo quando comparados à água superficial. Este fato pode ser explicado pela baixa renovação de água nestes locais profundos e pela elevada concentração de organismos fotossintetizantes no fundo. Já durante a campanha de inverno, a coluna de água se apresentou mais homogênea verticalmente, devido às menores temperaturas e a maior ação dos ventos. A variação temporal de nitrato e de nitrito (maiores no inverno), clorofila-a e feofitina-a (menores no inverno) sugere uma menor assimilação dos nutrientes pelos produtores primários no inverno do que no verão. As concentrações de amônio, clorofila-a e feofitina-a foram maiores no verão, em função do maior aporte de material orgânico autóctone e alóctone, maior degradação biológica e à maior intensidade da luz. Em geral, as razões N:P (razão molar) foram maiores do que 16:1 (REDFIELD, 1958), indicando o fósforo como o elemento controlador da produção pelágica na Lagoa. A avaliação do impacto antrópico promovido pelos feriados de Carnaval e de Corpus Christi indicou que somente o Carnaval promoveu alterações efetivas na água superficial da Lagoa, as quais podem ser evidenciadas pelo aumento na concentração de amônio, na razão N:P e no sulfeto após o feriado e pela diminuição de clorofila-a, feoftina-a e de oxigênio dissolvido

Study of the viability of using lipase-hydrolyzed commercial vegetable oils to produce microbially conjugated linolenic acid-enriched milk

This work studied the viability of using vegetable oils as precursor substrates to develop a dairy product enriched in microbial conjugated linoleic (CLA) and conjugated linolenic (CLNA) acids. Hydrolysis of hempseed, flaxseed (FSO) and soybean (SBO) oils was tested with Candida rugosa (CRL), Pseudomonas fluorescens, or Pancreatic porcine lipases. FSO and SBO, previously hydrolyzed with CRL, were further selected for cow’s milk CLA/CLNA-enrichment with Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091. Thereafter, higher substrate concentrations with hydrolyzed FSO were tested. For all tested oils, CRL revealed the best degrees of hydrolysis (>90%). Highest microbial CLA/CLNA yield in milk was achieved with hydrolyzed FSO, which led to the appearance of mainly CLNA isomers (0.34 mg/g). At higher substrate concentrations, maximum yield was 0.88 mg/g CLNA. Therefore, it was possible to enrich milk with microbial CLNA using vegetable oil, but not with CLA, nor develop a functional product that can deliver a reliable effective dose.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Inter- and intra-annual variations of pCO2 and pO2 in a freshwater subtropical coastal lake

Inland waters emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, but tropical and subtropical lakes are underrepresented in current assessments. Here we present results of a 6-year study of the dynamics of surface partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen (pCO2 and pO2) in a subtropical lake, Lake Peri, Brazil, to determine how temperature, rainfall, and wind moderate surface concentrations. Both pCO2 and pO2 tended to increase during the transitions between seasons when rainfall increased, with pCO2 averaging 2.5–3-fold higher than atmospheric values. Occasionally during autumn/winter, pCO2 similarly increased and pO2 decreased. We infer that the increases in both gases during the transition periods resulted from increasing inputs of allochthonous material into the lake. Those in winter resulted from near-bottom intrusions that intermittently reach the depth of measurement. In autumn/winter, pCO2 was 3-fold higher (average 1700 µatm) compared to spring/summer (550 µatm), whereas changes in pO2 did not have a clear seasonal pattern. Overall median net CO2 evasion was 11 mg C m-2 d-1. Variability in the extent of rainfall and the associated high intra- and inter-annual variability in CO2 and CO2 emissions are in part controlled by atmospheric processes related to the South American Monsoon System and to El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles

Characterization of potential CLA-producing strains according to LA tolerance

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of shaking and viable cell numbers on microbial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nutrient distribution in a shallow subtropical lagoon, south Brazil, subjected to seasonal hypoxic and anoxic events

A Lagoa da Conceição, localizada no sul do Brasil, é um ecossistema costeiro semifechado que apresenta eventos sazonais de hipoxia e anoxia na região central, caracterizada pela coluna de água estratificada e sítio de retenção e mineralização da matéria orgânica. Este estudo investigou a dinâmica da coluna de água da região central da Lagoa da Conceição (CLC) em relação às variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas, com o objetivo de entender os eventos de hipoxia e anoxia. As águas de superfície, haloclina e fundo foram avaliadas em três pontos amostrais. As amostras foram coletadas em triplicata durante o verão, outono e inverno de 2014. Eventos de hipoxia e/ou anoxia ocorreram somente nas águas de haloclina (3 m) e fundo (4 m) do verão. Valores próximos a 100% de uso aparente de oxigênio indicaram processos de mineralização nas águas de fundo. O menor valor do índice de estratificação vertical foi observado em agosto (inverno austral), que foi correlacionado com a velocidade (14,7 m.s-1) e direção (quadrante sul) do vento. As concentrações de nutrientes foram maiores no inverno, devido ao aumento dos processos de mistura e remineralização da matéria orgânica. Este foi o primeiro estudo a avaliar a dinâmica dos eventos de hipoxia/anoxia na CLC em relação à distribuição dos nutrientes e estrutura física da coluna de água.The Conceição Lagoon, located in south Brazil, is a semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem that has seasonal hypoxic and anoxic conditions in its vertically stratified central region, characterized as a site of retention and mineralization of organic matter. This study investigates water column dynamics in the central region of the Conceição Lagoon (CCL) and its relation to physical and chemical variables, in order to understand the hypoxic and anoxic events. Surface, halocline and bottom waters were evaluated at three sampling sites along the CCL. The samples were collected in triplicate during the summer, fall and winter of 2014. Hypoxic and/or anoxic events occurred in the summer (1/21) at the halocline (3 m) and bottom (4 m) waters, and in the fall (2/5) in the bottom water (4.5 m). Positive values of apparent oxygen utilization showed mineralization processes in the halocline and bottom waters. The lowest vertical stratification index was recorded in August (southern winter), which was associated with wind speed (14.7 m.s-1) and direction (southern quadrant). Nutrient concentrations were higher in winter, related to increasing of water mixing. This was the first study to evaluate the dynamics of hypoxic and anoxic events in the CCL and how nutrients respond to the physical structure of the water column

Short-communication: study of fatty acid metabolites in microbial conjugated fatty acids-enrichment of milk and discovery of additional undescribed conjugated linolenic acid isomers

Microbially enriched food in conjugated linoleic (CLA) and conjugated linolenic (CLNA) acids is intensively studied nowadays. The conversion of linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acids (α-LNA) into these compounds may involve different fatty acid (FA) intermediates. This research aimed to investigate potential FA byproducts in milk during microbial CLA/CLNA-enrichment using Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091. Milk fermented with pure α-LNA showed a decrease in free myristic acid, while pure LA led to an increase in free stearic acid. No additional FA compounds were found alongside CLA/CLNA isomers. The strain produced several CLA isomers from LA, but only when administered alone. Nonetheless, when α-LNA was assayed, additional CLNA isomers, never reported before for bifidobacteria, were observed. In conclusion, except for stearic acid in the presence of LA, no side-FA metabolites were released during milk microbial CLA/CLNA-enrichment. Results suggest either CLA/CLNA production occurs in one single-step or intermediates biotransformation is very fast.N/

Perspectives on the development of CLA/CLNA-enriched milk through in situ microbial production

Over the past decade several food-derived lipids with potential bioactive properties to be used in the development of innovative functional foods have been identified. These include conjugated linoleic (CLA) and conjugated linolenic (CLNA) acids with well described anti- inflammatory, anti-obesity and anticarcinogenic properties. Limited availability in their natural sources (e.g. ruminants’ milk and meat or vegetable oils) has driven studies on in situ microbial production in dairy products to improve CLA/CLNA daily intake. Several probiotic strains have been reported to produce CLA/CLNA isomers using linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (α-LNA) acids as precursor substrates, respectively. This research work aimed to evaluate the viability of developing a CLA/CLNA-enriched milk through in situ microbial production at a laboratory scale. A combination of genetic screening, substrate tolerance and production assays, identified three CLA/CLNA-producing candidates from a pool of 85 probiotic bacteria. Since Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091 stood out from the others with CLA/CLNA production yields around 0.3 mg/mL, it was selected to proceed with milk CLA/CLNA-enrichment. Seeking to explore industrial viability, edible vegetable oils were applied as substrate sources instead, namely soybean (SBO; rich in LA) and flaxseed (FSO; rich in α-LNA) oils, which had been previously hydrolyzed with Candida rugosa lipase. Microbial CLA/CLNA-enrichment of pasteurized bovine milk was tested with each hydrolyzed oil, individually or in combination, to provide 0.5 mg/mL of LA and/or α-LNA. Viable cell numbers of B. breve achieved 9 log cycles upon 24 h fermentation. Highest CLA/CLNA-enrichment was achieved using FSO alone (~0.4 mg/g), where CLNA isomers were those mainly produced. Surprisingly, only traces of CLA were found, either with SBO alone or in combination. Milk enrichment was further assayed with FSO alone to concentrations up to 10 mg/mL α-LNA, where at 2 mg/mL the maximum yield of ~1 mg/g CLA+CLNA was obtained. In conclusion, the development of a CLA/CLNA-enriched bovine milk through in situ microbial production remains challenging, given the limited number of strains able to produce CLA/CLNA at considerable levels, and because it is difficult to develop a dairy product simultaneously enriched in CLA and CLNA. An in situ strategy has its limitations; nevertheless, this study demonstrates that B. breve DSM 20091 has potential for the development of CLNA-enriched dairy products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Desempenho térmico de jardins verticais de tipologia fachada verde

As fachadas verdes, uma das tipologias de jardins verticais, utilizam espécies de trepadeiras ou pendentes que crescem e se desenvolvem em superfícies verticais. Sua aplicação nas fachadas dos edifícios traz diversos benefícios, tais como a melhoria das condições de conforto térmico em seu interior e a diminuição dos efeitos das ilhas de calor urbanas. Essa melhoria ocorre em razão dos seguintes mecanismos de ação dos jardins verticais: (i) sombreamento; (ii) resfriamento evapotranspirativo; (iii) influência na dinâmica do vento e (iv) isolamento térmico da edificação. Nesse contexto, esse artigo apresenta o estado da arte acerca do potencial amenizador térmico das fachadas verdes, a partir da análise dos objetivos, metodologias e principais resultados de artigos de periódicos e dissertações buscados nas bases Scopus, Web of Science™, P@rthenon e a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Dissertações e Teses. Do material encontrado foram analisados 23 trabalhos, selecionados pelos seguintes critérios: (i) trabalhos que tratam do desempenho térmico das fachadas verdes e (ii) trabalhos experimentais e estudos de caso. Os resultados confirmam o potencial amenizador térmico das fachadas verdes e indicam lacunas de pesquisa, como a falta de trabalhos que comparem o desempenho térmico de diferentes espécies de trepadeiras e fachadas verdes diretas e indiretas, e lacunas informacionais, como a escassez de detalhes sobre as espécies selecionadas e as estruturas e materiais adotados nos estudos. Além disso, os resultados também indicam temas para possíveis futuros trabalhos sobre o desempenho térmico dessa tipologia de jardim vertical

Fat mass predicts food-specific inhibitory control in children

Impaired inhibitory control has been associated with obesity, high blood pressure and lack of physical fitness. These impairments are thought to be related to decreased cognitive control over excessive food consumption and may start in childhood. However, previous studies in children have examined inhibitory control deficits using general (non-food-specific) tasks and relied on body mass index, which does not distinguish the amount of fat mass. As fat mass, hypertension and physical fitness have been shown to play a role in cognition, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these variables and food specific inhibitory control in children. Subjects/methods: Children's (n = 48; Age 10.7 +/- 0.6 years) general characteristics, fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure and performance on a food-specific inhibitory control task (Go/No-go) were measured across two sessions. Results: Fat mass and sex were associated with inhibitory control performance, while no associations were found for cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure and other potential confounding variables (i.e. age, pubertal timing, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, scholar test performance and heart rate). Linear regression analyses showed that only fat mass predicted poorer food-specific inhibitory control (beta = 0.36; Delta R-2 = 0.04; p < .05) and sex predicted inhibitory control for toys (control condition) (beta = 0.42; Delta R-2 = 0.11; p < .01). Neither blood pressure nor cardiorespiratory fitness predicted food specific inhibitory control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that fat mass is an independent predictor of inhibitory control for food in children204155161COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESsem informaçã