Caracterización socio-productiva de la situación postceniza del área de Comallo (Río Negro)

El área de influencia del Municipio de Comallo se ubica en el departamento Pilcaniyeu, provincia de Río Negro. La principal actividad productiva es la ganadería extensiva ovina y caprina. La zona atravesó un proceso de sequía al cual se suma la afectación por ceniza volcánica por la erupción del volcán Puyehue en junio de 2011. Considerando la importancia de dimensionar y visualizar la situación del sector, el objetivo de trabajo consiste en realizar una caracterización socio-productiva postceniza de los productores del área de influencia del Municipio de Comallo. Se partió de un análisis estadístico descriptivo del padrón de productores del Municipio de Comallo (2013). Se elaboró un dispositivo metodológico basado en entrevistas semiestucturadas a productores agropecuarios seleccionados al azar en cantidades proporcionales en relación con el total de productores en cada paraje. Se consideraron dos acontecimientos climático-naturales como puntos de lectura: la nevada de 1984 y las cenizas de 2011. Entre los principales resultados en el período 1984-2013 se observó una disminución del stock de animales menores del 78% y de los miembros de las familias que habitan en el campo del 91% al 43% representando la compleja dinámica campo-pueblo. El 87% de los casos son productores que no pueden vivir exclusivamente de la actividad productiva predial y un 70% no cubren el autoconsumo de carne, por lo que deben recurrir a otras estrategias. Sin embargo, hay un permanente movimiento poblacional campo-pueblo. El 64% de los hogares agropecuarios perciben asignaciones estatales, el 82% son pensiones jubilatorias. El vínculo campo-pueblo, la franja etaria de 20 a 65 años como sujetos de políticas estatales, el repoblamiento de los campos, entre otros, son cuestiones a tener en cuenta a la hora de definir políticas públicas.The Municipality of Comallo is located in the department of Pilcaniyeu, Río Negro province. The main productive activity is the extensive ranching sheep and goat. This area suffered a drought process and the effects caused by the eruption of Puyehue volcano in June 2011. The aim is to make a socio-productive characterization after the ash in the area of influence of the Comallo Municipality. A descriptive analysis of the producers register of Comallo (2013) was performed. A methodological device based on semi-structured interviews randomly selected in proportionate amounts related to the total number of producers in each small rural location of farmers was developed. Two natural climate events such as reading points: snowfall in 1984 and the ashes of 2011 were considered. The main results in the period 1984-2013 denote a decrease in the small animals stock of the 78% with a proportion of residents living in the farm of 91% to 43%, representing the dynamic rela-tionship farm-village. The 87% is represented by producers who cannot live exclusively of the farm productive activity and a 70% cannot afford the self-consumption of meat, so they must resort to other survival strategies. However, there is a permanent moving of population farm-village in search of educational, employment alternatives and health. The 64% of farm households receive state appropriations and the 82% are retirement pensions. The farm-village relation, the age group of 20-65 years as state policy subjects, the repopulation of the farms, among others, is issues to consider when defining public policies.Inst. de invest. para la Pequeña Agricultura Familiar de la Región PatagoniaFil: Muzi, María Eugenia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar Región Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Losardo, Pablo Gustavo. Río Negro (provincia). Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar; Argentin

Accounting for pastoralists in Argentina

No official statistics exist on pastoralism in Argentina, so their number is not known. Between 30,000 to 35,000 households practise pastoralism, estimates Red Chaco based on the 2018 National Census. In some areas, pastoralism is alive as a mobile, extensive production system. Despite the uncertainty about the precise numbers, pastoralists play a significant role in Argentinian agriculture and society. Argentina is a large but highly urbanized country, with 92% of the population living in towns and cities. Only 13.2% of the country is agriculturally well endowed; 70% of the land is semi-arid, and much of the rest is mountainous or too cold for growing crops. Livestock-raising is the main form of agriculture in such marginal areas, either as ranching or as pastoralism.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Lanari, Maria Rosa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Perez Centeno, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Área de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar Región Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Preda, Graciela Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Área de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar Región Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga Mendiola, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Área de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar Región Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Ejarque, Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Área de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar Región Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Lammel, Sofía Ailén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Área de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar Región Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Moronta, Martin Nestor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Área de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar Región Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga Rogers, Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Área de Investigación para la Agricultura Familiar Región NOA; ArgentinaFil: Losardo, Pablo Gustavo. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Frere, Pablo. Fundación Gran Chaco; Argentin

Razas locales ante emergencias ambientales: desempeño y aportes a partir del repoblamiento con Cabras Criollas Neuquinas en Patagonia, Argentina.

Río Negro’s Southern Line (Argentinean Patagonia) is an area characterized by its arid and semiarid climate and subject to extreme natural events, such as droughts, heavy snows and volcanic eruptions which generated ashes deposit. These factors sharply decreased livestock production (extensive animal husbandry is the main productive activity) compromising peasant’s persistence.Towards this situation, a restocking initiative with Neuquén Criollo goats has been developed from public institutions and producers’ associations. This breed was selected by its rusticity and ability to produce in conditions of fodder shortages and extreme climate and they were available in a near area (Northern Neuquén). Even there were productive records in the region, species and breeds historically predominant have been Merino sheep and Angora goats. In this paper we analysed this restocking initiative, particularly the productive changes, the labour organization, and the contributions to the peasant families’ economy. Results show that Neuquén Criollo Goats have adapted to the zone and did not generate management problems, as they were based on their own peasants’ knowledge and the one shared with Neuquén’s herders. They contributed to provide meat for home consumption, caused new incomes from kids allowing economy diversification with new products, as cashmere, milk (cheese) and leather. Peasant’s highlight the possibility to maintain the productive activity in a family level, including the return of members that have migrated. Thus, it is evident that local breeds can give an immediate response to achieve food security and contribute to the persistence of the rural population.La Línea Sur de Río Negro (Patagonia, Argentina) es una zona caracterizada por su clima árido-semiárido de secano y sujeta a eventos naturales extremos, como sequías y nevadas abundantes. Estos factores impulsaron la pérdida de stock ganadero (principal actividad productiva), comprometiendo la persistencia de las familias campesinas. Frente a esta situación, se desarrolló desde instituciones estatales y asociaciones de productores la iniciativa de repoblamiento con Cabras Criollas Neuquinas. Esta raza fue elegida por su rusticidad y habilidad para producir en condiciones de escasez de forraje y clima extremo y su disponibilidad en un área cercana (norte de Neuquén). Si bien había antecedentes de su producción en la región, las especies y razas históricamente predominantes han sido los ovinos Merino y las cabras Angora. En este trabajo se analiza esta iniciativa de repoblamiento, específicamente los cambios productivos, la organización del trabajo y las contribuciones en la economía de las familias campesinas. Los resultados demuestran que las Cabras Criollas Neuquinas se adaptaron a la zona y no generaron dificultades de manejo, basándose en los saberes campesinos propios y compartidos con los crianceros neuquinos. Contribuyeron en la provisión de carne para el autoconsumo, generaron nuevos ingresos a partir de la venta de crías y permitieron la diversificación de sus economías con nuevos productos, como cashmere, leche (queso) y cuero. Los campesinos destacaron la posibilidad de sostener la actividad productiva en el ámbito familiar, incluyendo el retorno de miembros que habían migrado. Así, se evidencia que las razas locales pueden dar respuesta inmediata para procurar la seguridad alimentaria y contribuir a la continuidad de la población rural

La radioterapia nelle metastasi cutanee da carcinoma mammario: case report

Breast cancer is the most frequent tumour in women around the world and it accounts for 25% of all cases of cancer. It may spread through the body in various districts, and as a consequence pulmonary, bone, liver, cerebral, lymph node and skin metastases are commonly seen. Skin metastases can be both locoregional (near the tumor) and distant. The skin appearance should not be underestimated in multi-metastatic patients, as tumorous progression in the skin inevitably causes ulceration, extreme difficulty in cicatrization and consequent pain. In this study, we describe the case of a multiple treated patient for destructive cutaneous metastases (Oncology)

STIMULATION OF MACROPHAGES WITH IFN-GAMMA OR TNF-ALPHA SHUTS OFF THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT PLAYED BY PGE(2)

PGE2 has been shown to be able to interfere with various lymphocyte and macrophage functions, but its effects on macrophage activation are still unclear. In this study, carried out on peritoneal macrophages obtained from healthy, tumour-bearing and Corynebacterium parvum-treated mice, we demonstrated that PGE2 is involved in the down-regulation of macrophage activation, but it cannot exert its inhibiting effect when macrophages are further stimulated with activating cytokines, such as IFN gamma and TNF alpha. Our findings provide new insight into how macrophage tumoricidal activity may be induced and maintained even in presence of significant levels of PGE2

Neoplasie del polmone in Neoplasie del Distretto Toracico

none13noIl volume vuole essere funzionale alla pratica quotidiana con particolare riguardo a: identificazione del paziente al quale somministrare, con elevate possibilità di successo, un determinato trattamento farmacologico realmente mirato ("medicina personalizzata" o, meglio ancora, "medicina di precisione"); stimolo a un effettivo approccio multidisciplinare al malato neoplastico, con una ottimale integrazione tra oncologo medico, chirurgo d'organo o di apparato, radioterapista e altri professionisti coinvolti nella diagnosi e cura dei tumori, il tutto nell'ambito dell'applicazione rigorosa dei percorsi diagnostici terapeutici assistenziali (PDTA); realizzazione di una costante continuità di cura che veda anche la collaborazione puntuale con gli esperti di cure palliative, non solo nelle terapie di fine vita ma anche nella sempre più irrinunciabile simultaneous care; presa in carico a tutto tondo del paziente oncologico, con attenzione agli aspetti non solo clinici ma anche psicologici e sociali; razionale impiego delle limitate risorse disponibili, nel segno dell'appropriatezza e della sostenibilità e nel rispetto delle linee guida nazionali, regionali e internazionali.noneAndrea Ardizzoni; Marcello Tiseo; Maria Michiara; Enrico Maria Silini; Luca Ampollini; Paolo Carbognani; Michele Rusca; Maria Majori; Angelo Gianni Casalini; Nicola Sverzellati; Livia Ruffini; Cristina Dell’Anna; Pier Luigi LosardoAndrea Ardizzoni; Marcello Tiseo; Maria Michiara; Enrico Maria Silini; Luca Ampollini; Paolo Carbognani; Michele Rusca; Maria Majori; Angelo Gianni Casalini; Nicola Sverzellati; Livia Ruffini; Cristina Dell’Anna; Pier Luigi Losard

Longitudinal changes of endocrine and bone disease in adults with β-thalassemia major receiving different iron chelators over 5 years

In this study, we compared the long-term effects of different iron chelation regimens (deferoxamine, deferiprone, deferoxamine + deferiprone, and deferasirox) in preventing or reversing endocrinopathy (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, or hypogonadism) and bone disease (measured through DEXA) in 165 adults with β-thalassemia major (TM) (mean age 39.9 ± 8.3 years, 43 % males). After five consecutive years of therapy, patients on deferasirox had the highest decrease in the prevalence of any endocrinopathy compared to other chelators which either had no change (deferiprone and deferoxamine) or had an increase (deferoxamine + deferiprone), p = 0.015. This was attributed to a lower proportion of patients on deferasirox developing new-onset endocrinopathy and higher proportion showing reversal of disease, compared to other chelators. A serum ferritin level of >1300 ng/mL predicted the development of new endocrinopathy (p = 0.025) while a level of <200 ng/mL predicted reversal of existing endocrinopathy (p = 0.147). A significant increase in mean BMD T-score (p < 0.001) and a considerable decrease in osteoporosis prevalence were observed in patients receiving deferasirox but not other chelators. Iron chelation therapy with deferasirox has a role in the prevention of endocrinopathy and reversal of existing disease