Exposición crónica a hongos productores de aflatoxinas relacionada a daños hepáticos en chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera) destinadas a la producción de piel

Chinchilla pelt is a rare and expensive fur. Therefore, breeding these animals is a profitable activity. Confirmed acute cases of aflatoxin intoxication have been reported in Argentinean farms. The aims of this study were i) to evaluate mycobiota and AFB1 -producing species in chinchilla feeds ii) to investigate their natural AFB1 contamination and iii) to analyze histopathological lesions in chinchilla livers. Feed samples (A: fur chinchillas, B: mother chinchillas, C: lucerne cubes) were collected from a factory and a farm. Livers of sacrificed chinchilla from the farm were macroscopically and microscopically examined. Total fungal counts of feed C exceeded 1x104 CFU g-1. Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium were the prevalent genera, while A. flavus, A. fumigatus, F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the prevalent species. 50 % of A. flavus strains from factory samples and 69.7 % from farm samples produced 2.78 to 8. 64 µg g-1 and 0.66 to 58.8 µg g-1 AFB1 , respectively. Aflatoxin B1 was detected only in feeds from the farm, finding the highest incidence in feed C. Toxin levels varied between 1.90 and 97.34 µg kg-1 AFB1 . Mean levels in feed A and C exceeded 20 µg kg-1. Macroscopic examination of livers revealed normal appearance, size and color. However, histopathological examination indicated 63.3 % showed slight to moderate lipid degeneration with diffuse cytoplasm vacuolation, 9 % intense lipid cytoplasm vacuolation and 27.3 % hydropic degeneration and nuclear vacuolation in hepatocytes. A periodic monitoring of aflatoxins in feeds and their ingredients can prevent acute outbreaks and economic losses caused by chronic exposure.La piel de chinchilla es una de las más exóticas y apreciadas en el mercado internacional. La cría de estos animales es una actividad muy rentable. En Argentina, se han detectado casos de aflatoxicosis aguda en criaderos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: i) estudiar la micobiota y los hongos productores de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1 ) presentes en alimento para chinchillas. ii) analizar la contaminación natural con AFB1 de estos alimentos iii) buscar lesiones histopatológicas en hígados de chinchillas de los criaderos. Se recolectaron muestras de diferentes alimentos (A: chinchilla piel, B: chinchilla madre, C: cubos de alfalfa) en una fábrica y un criadero localizados en la ciudad de Rio Cuarto, en la región central de Argentina. Los hígados de las chinchillas sacrificadas en el criadero fueron analizados macroscópica y microscópicamente. Los recuentos fúngicos totales fueron mayores a 1x104 UFC g-1. Aspergillus, Fusarium y Penicillium fueron los géneros prevalentes, mientras que A. flavus, A. fumigatus, F. verticillioides y F. proliferatum fueron las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia. 50 % de las cepas de A. flavus aisladas de la fábrica y 69.7 % de las aisladas del criadero produjeron 2.78 a 8.64 µg g-1 y 0.66 a 58.8 µg g-1 de AFB1 , respectivamente. Se detectó AFB1 sólo en las muestras del criadero, con mayor incidencia en el alimento C. Los niveles de toxina variaron entre 1.90 y 97.34 µg kg-1. Los niveles promedios en A y C fueron superiores a 20 µg kg-1. El análisis macroscópico de los hígados reveló apariencia, tamaño y color normal. El análisis microscópico indicó que 63.3 % de los hígados presentaron degeneración lipídica leve a moderada con vacuolización difusa del citoplasma, 9 % presentaron vacuolización lipídica intensa y 27.3 % degeneración hidrópica y vacuolización nuclear en los hepatocitos. El monitoreo periódico de La calidad de los alimentos e ingredientes usados en la alimentación de chinchillas puede evitar intoxicaciones agudas y pérdidas económicas causadas por la exposición crónica a aflatoxinas.Fil: Landa, Maria Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Pereyra, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pena, Gabriela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bagnis, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha. Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Científicas; BrasilFil: Dalcero, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Static kinks in chains of interacting atoms

We theoretically analyse the equation of topological solitons in a chain of particles interacting via a repulsive power-law potential and confined by a periodic lattice. Starting from the discrete model, we perform a gradient expansion and obtain the kink equation in the continuum limit for a power-law exponent n ≥ 1. The power-law interaction modifies the sine-Gordon equation, giving rise to a rescaling of the coefficient multiplying the second derivative (the kink width) and to an additional integral term. We argue that the integral term does not affect the local properties of the kink, but it governs the behaviour at the asymptotics. The kink behaviour at the center is dominated by a sine-Gordon equation and its width tends to increase with the power law exponent. When the interaction is the Coulomb repulsion, in particular, the kink width depends logarithmically on the chain size. We define an appropriate thermodynamic limit and compare our results with existing studies performed for infinite chains. Our formalism allows one to systematically take into account the finite-size effects and also slowly varying external potentials, such as for instance the curvature in an ion trap.Fil: Landa, Haggai. Université Paris-Saclay; FranciaFil: Cormick, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; ArgentinaFil: Morigi, Giovanna. Universitat Saarland; Alemani

Entrepreneurship as a Lifestyle: The role attitude plays in the employment dynamics of workers in the fitness and children's party sectors (Córdoba, Argentina)

Within the framework of our research, the entrepreneur and variations on this concept emerged as a meaningful theme in the statements in interviews, and in the textual-digital material circulated in the recreation and entertainment spaces we surveyed. That is why this paper delves into the actions of the lifestyle through an analysis of the performances and practices of owners and workers in children's party venues and in fitness gyms. The paper's introduction offers a spatial-temporal contextualisation of the political and economic scenario in which the services covered by our case studies were supplied. We go on to present some conceptual plots that we attribute to the entrepreneurial lifestyle and then proceed to examine the cultural and historical dynamics through which these businesses were set up as places for bodily well-being (gyms) and fun (children's party salons) - both things we identify as catering to Argentina's Middle Class. While our approach stresses emerging patterns linking both cases, it also highlights the special factors shaping the symbolic features of each cultural scene. The similarities and differences found between the two cases revealed how a host of entrepreneurs (usually young people) was spawned. These youngsters need certain attitudes and creative skills to pursue their social and financial goals. Entrepreneurship as a lifestyle presupposes certain attitudes.Fil: Landa, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Blazquez, Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Cecilia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Humanidades; Argentin

Fitness: una cultura en perpetuo movimiento

El artículo problematiza la cultura del fitness como entramado simbólico donde circula un modelo de corporalidad hegemónica y los gimnasios como espacios paradigmáticos de producción de este cuerpo "bello" y atlético. En función de ello, presenta una contextualización histórica del devenir de este dispositivo cultural, para luego caracterizar el escenario de los gimnasios del fitness, las formas de circulación de los cuerpos dentro de la organización, las técnicas corporales que en ésta se imparten y las relaciones (de género) que se tejen entre instructores, usuarios y el entrenamiento. Se concluye que el gimnasio se configura como una organización paradojal en tanto traza un orden moral que delimita conductas y cuerpos aceptables a la vez que excluye aquellas-os que no se ajustan a su programa de gestión vital.Fil: Landa, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

The intersex movement: Empowering through new technologies

The aim of this article is to explore the different demands and priorities of the intersex community as displayed in various Internet sites. It focuses on common and divergent viewpoints and strategies associated with the social, medical and legal regulations affecting intersex persons. It also demonstrates how online-based policy-making can lead to real actions and change, by allowing to provide information and support for intersex people, their families and supporters. This is oriented to reduce, if not eliminate, the shame and secrecy surrounding the topic, as well as inform and educate physicians and professionals specialized in intersex issues.Fil: Brossi, Lionel. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Landa, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Ortíz de Zarate, Amalia. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Relación entre motivación deportiva y conductas de salud en deportistas universitarios

Los deportistas universitarios son una población de riesgo en algunas conductas no saludables como el consumo de alcohol y desórdenes alimentarios, lo cual puede ser influenciado por las características en torno al deporte y a presiones académicas. Existe evidencia que indica una posible relación entre la motivación deportiva con las conductas de salud. El propósito de este estudio es analizar la relación entre motivación deportiva y conductas de salud en un grupo de deportistas universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. Para ello, se aplicaron la Escala de Motivación Deportiva (EMD), el Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida en Jóvenes Universitarios (CEVJU) y una ficha sociodemográfica en una muestra de 183 participantes (59.6% varones, 40.4% mujeres), entre 18 y 38 años (M = 21.02; DE = 2.92), provenientes de 15 disciplinas deportivas distintas. Los hallazgos mostraron que la MI por el resultado y la MI por la estimulación se correlacionaron positivamente con conductas saludables de actividad física y deporte y bajo consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas, respectivamente. Mientras que la motivación extrínseca por regulación por identificación se correlacionó positivamente con actividad física y deporte y, negativamente, con hábitos alimentarios. Finalmente, la desmotivación tuvo una correlación negativa, con un bajo consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas. Se concluye que los deportistas con una motivación deportiva más cercana a la autodeterminación, probablemente, se involucrarán en conductas más saludables. Se recomienda mayor investigación.College athletes are a population at risk of involvement in many unhealthy behaviors, such as alcohol consumption and eating disorders, which can be influenced by characteristics around sports and academic pressure. There is evidence that indicates a possible relation between sport motivation and health behaviors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sport motivation and health conducts/behaviors in a group of college athletes from Metropolitan Lima. To this end, the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), the College Students’ Lifestyles Questionnaire (CSLQ) and a sociodemographic record were applied to a sample of 183 college athletes (59.6% men, 40.4% women), between 18 and 38 years old (M = 21.02; DS = 2.92) from 15 different sports. Results showed that intrinsic motivation toward accomplishments and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation are positively correlated with physical activity and sport, and with less consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, respectively. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivation by identified regulation showed a positively correlation with physical activity and sports, and negatively with eating habits. Finally, amotivation showed a negative correlation with less consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. In conclusion, athletes with a type of motivation closer to self-determination will probably get involved in healthier behaviors than their counterparts. However, further research is needed.Tesi

Artcollabs. El trabajo colaborativo en un proceso creativo interdisciplinario entre artistas peruanos de danza, artes plásticas, arquitectura y música.

En la presente tesis se involucraron la disciplina de danza con la arquitectura, las artes plásticas y la música mediante la creación de tres colaboraciones que se llevaron a cabo en simultáneo en un laboratorio práctico llamado Artcollabs 2020. Esto se realizó con el objetivo de identificar puntos de encuentro entre las diferentes disciplinas, analizar los caminos que se tomaron a lo largo de las colaboraciones y explorar las posibilidades que se abren para las y los bailarines al relacionarse con otras disciplinas distintas a la propia. La investigación se basa en los conocimientos de Uribe y Nuñez que afirman que al inclinarse por la interdisciplinariedad se promueve la comunicación, interrelación y el compartir entre los distintos saberes que provienen de las diferentes disciplinas. Se observó que un proceso colaborativo podría atravesar tres etapas que ayudan a entender su desarrollo: relación que se construye, visión que se comprende, modo de hacer que se establece. Estas permiten que se desarrollen diferentes aspectos necesarios para las colaboraciones como la comunicación entre colaboradores, el ponerse en el lugar del otro colaborador para comprender su disciplina y el encontrar una manera en conjunto para lograr un producto final o un avance de este

Sexual Harassment Hostile Environment: An Occupational Safety And Health Legal Implications

In legal terms, sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advance or conduct that intimidate, hostile, or offensive to the work environment. In fact, sexual harassment ranges from repeated offensive or belittling jokes to a workplace full of offensive pornography (creating a hostile work environment) to sexual assault. Most often sexual harassment takes the form of men harassing women, but it can also be conducted onto men and between sexes. Superiors or coworkers who discriminate employee on basis of sex can be a form of sexual harassment when the act is not welcome by the employee. Sex discrimination is prohibited in every aspect of the employment relationship, from hiring, interviewing, and starting salaries to promotions, benefits, job responsibilities, firings, and layoffs. In Malaysia, sexual harassment can be seen as civil and criminal offences depending on what are the victim claims. As an employee the employment Act 1955 (amendment 2012) provide some improvements to Sexual harassment prevention at workplace. Complaint relating to sexual harassment can be made (i) by an employee against another employee; (ii) by an employee against any employer; or (iii) by an employer against an employee. These provision place a duty not only on the employer but the Director General and Minister of Human Resources to conduct enquiry into the Sexual harassment allegation. This paper will dwell on (a) the sexual harassment that cause the hostile environment, such as sexual discrimination and offensive pornography; (b) to determine how women become victimize (c) complaint procedures to prevention of sexual harassment at workplaces and, (d) the legal and economic implications because of the sexual harassment conducted on the victims

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Wild Birds from Undisturbed Woodlands in the Central Monte Desert

Plasma cholinesterase activity is a biomarker sensitive to the effect of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, and its enzymatic levels have been previously unknown for most of the wild birds analyzed in the present study. Our objectives were to establish plasma acetylcholinesterase levels in songbirds of 2 undisturbed sites in the central Monte Desert (Argentina). We also examined the influence on cholinesterase activity of age, sex, body condition, feeding and migratory habits, and species. One hundred and sixty-five wild birds belonging to 26 species were studied. The values obtained for acetylcholinesterase activity provide a good estimate of the normal values in free-living individuals of the species Zonotrichia capensis, Molothrus bonariensis, Passer domesticus, Diuca diuca, Poospiza ornata, Saltator aurantiirostris, Gryseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus, and Columbina picui, with interspecies differences. The median enzymatic levels ± standard error of the mean ranged from 546.31 ± 17.97 μmol min–1 L–1 in P. domesticus to 3439.90 ± 173.92 μmol min–1 L–1 in Tyrannus melancholicus. No significant differences were detected between different sexes or ages. Birds that migrate (which are also insectivores) showed higher levels of cholinesterase than residents (mainly granivores). It is recommended that in cases of bird poisoning, plasma cholinesterase activity can be used as a diagnostic tool only if pre-exposure levels obtained in the same species are available, and ideally evaluated in individuals from the same biogeographical region.Fil: Quero, Arnoldo Ángel Martín. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales. Laboratorio de Investigación En Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zarco, Agustín. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales. Laboratorio de Investigación En Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Landa, Florencia Belén. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales. Laboratorio de Investigación En Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción; ArgentinaFil: Gorla, Nora Bibiana Maria. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales. Laboratorio de Investigación En Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Nitrogen Removal Capacity of Microbial Communities Developing in Compost- and Woodchip-Based Multipurpose Reactive Barriers for Aquifer Recharge With Wastewater

Global water supplies are threatened by climate changes and the expansion of urban areas, which have led to an increasing interest in nature-based solutions for water reuse and reclamation. Reclaimed water is a possible resource for recharging aquifers, and the addition of an organic reactive barrier has been proposed to improve the removal of pollutants. There has been a large focus on organic pollutants, but less is known about multifunctional barriers, that is, how barriers also remove nutrients that threaten groundwater ecosystems. Herein, we investigated how compost- and woodchip-based barriers affect nitrogen (N) removal in a pilot soil aquifer treatment facility designed for removing nutrients and recalcitrant compounds by investigating the composition of microbial communities and their capacity for N transformations. Secondary-treated, ammonium-rich wastewater was infiltrated through the barriers, and the changes in the concentration of ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were measured after passage through the barrier during 1 year of operation. The development and composition of the microbial community in the barriers were examined, and potential N-transforming processes in the barriers were quantified by determining the abundance of key functional genes using quantitative PCR. Only one barrier, based on compost, significantly decreased the ammonium concentration in the infiltrated water. However, the reduction of reactive N in the barriers was moderate (between 21 and 37%), and there were no differences between the barrier types. All the barriers were after 1 year dominated by members of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, although the community composition differed between the barriers. Bacterial classes belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi showed an increased relative abundance in the compost-based barriers. In contrast to the increased genetic potential for nitrification in the compost-based barriers, the woodchip-based barrier demonstrated higher genetic potentials for denitrification, nitrous oxide reduction, and dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium. The barriers have previously been shown to display a high capacity to degrade recalcitrant pollutants, but in this study, we show that most barriers performed poorly in terms of N removal and those based on compost also leaked DOC, highlighting the difficulties in designing barriers that satisfactorily meet several purposes