Three Hopf algebras and their common simplicial and categorical background

We consider three a priori totally different setups for Hopf algebras from number theory, mathematical physics and algebraic topology. These are the Hopf algebras of Goncharov for multiple zeta values, that of Connes--Kreimer for renormalization, and a Hopf algebra constructed by Baues to study double loop spaces. We show that these examples can be successively unified by considering simplicial objects, cooperads with multiplication and Feynman categories at the ultimate level. These considerations open the door to new constructions and reinterpretation of known constructions in a large common frameworkPreprin

Three Hopf algebras from number theory, physics & topology, and their common background I: operadic & simplicial aspects

We consider three a priori totally different setups for Hopf algebras from number theory, mathematical physics and algebraic topology. These are the Hopf algebra of Goncharov for multiple zeta values, that of Connes-Kreimer for renormalization, and a Hopf algebra constructed by Baues to study double loop spaces. We show that these examples can be successively unified by considering simplicial objects, co-operads with multiplication and Feynman categories at the ultimate level. These considerations open the door to new constructions and reinterpretations of known constructions in a large common framework, which is presented step-by-step with examples throughout. In this first part of two papers, we concentrate on the simplicial and operadic aspectsPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Formation of college plans: expected returns, preferences and adjustment process

We exploit a large exogenous shock to study the determinants of college attendance and the role played by one's environment. We analyze whether, and how quickly, adolescents' college plans are adapted, explore factors leading to the adjustment, and examine how these factors ultimately impact later educational attainment. Using differences across East German cohorts induced by the timing of the German Reunification (a change for the East from state socialism to capitalist democracy), we show that shortly after relative to before that time, college plans among high-school students increased substantially, which was followed by sizable increases in the completion of the college entrance certificate five years later. Our analysis sheds light on the elasticity of beliefs and preferences of different cohorts of youths in the case of a large shock. Perceived educational returns, economic preferences ("consumerism") and sociopolitical attitudes ("individualism") adapt quickly in response to the shock and are directly linked to changes in plans and outcomes. Cohorts closer to critical educational junctions at the time of Reunification, however, adjusted their plans to a much lesser extent. While they similarly updated the expected returns to education, they exhibited a slower adjustment in their preferences relative to younger cohorts

09-05 "The Environmental Impacts of Soybean Expansion and Infrastructure Development in Brazil’s Amazon Basin"

For decades, the development of transportation infrastructure in the Brazilian Amazon has been the government’s main social and economic development policy in the region. Reductions in transportation costs have not only opened the agricultural frontier to cattle ranching and logging but have also caused more than two-thirds of Amazonian deforestation. Currently, soybean cultivation is a new economic force demanding improvements to roads in the region. Profitable soybean crops have spread over the Mato Grosso’s cerrados and now head toward the core of the Amazon rain forest. One of the main constraints for soy expansion into the Amazon has been the poor condition of roads. In this study, we analyze the effect Amazon transportation infrastructure programs have on soybean expansion by lowering transport costs. The analysis is based on spatial estimates of transportation costs for the soybean sector, first using current road networks and then projecting changes based on the paving of the Cuiabá-Santarém road. Our results indicate that paving the Cuiabá-Santarém road would reduce transportation costs by an average of $10 per ton for farmers located in the northern part of Mato Grosso, by allowing producers to reroute soybean shipments to the Santarém port. Paving the road also would expand the area where growing soybeans is economically feasible by about 70 percent, from 120,000 to 205,000 km2. Most of this new area would be located in the state of Pará and is covered largely by forests. A Cost-Benefit analysis of the road project indicates that the investments in infrastructure would generate more than$180 million for soybean farmers over a period of twenty years. These benefits, however, ignore the project’s environmental impacts. If the destruction of ecological services and products provided by the existing forests is accounted for, then the Cuiabá-Santarém investment would generate a net loss of between $762 million and$1.9 billion. This result shows the importance of including the value of the natural capital in feasibility studies of infrastructure projects to reflect their real benefits to society as a whole.

Das Burgtor in Wien

Die vorliegende Arbeit mit dem Titel „Das Burgtor in Wien: Planung und Bau“ befasst sich mit dem vielfältigen Planungs- und Entwurfsmaterial, das im Kontext der Genese des Burgtores entstanden ist und einen wenig bekannten aber sehr beträchtlicheren Umfang aufweist. Vorgestellt werden auch die im Vorfeld der konkreten Planungen für das Burgtor entwickelten Ideen für die Errichtung eines äußeren Burgplatzes bzw. Paradeplatzes, welche immer im Zusammenhang mit der gestalterischen Verschönerung der vorstadtseitigen Hofburgfront gestanden hatten. Nach der systematischen Sprengung der Wiener Befestigungsanlagen durch die napoleonische Besatzung im Jahr 1809 war gerade das Terrain vor der Wiener Hofburg stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogen worden, die Residenz des seit 1804 bestehenden Kaisertums Österreich ohne fortifikatorischen Schutz. Bis ein konkretes planerisches Nachdenken über den Bau des Tores vor der Burg einsetzte, sollten noch einige Jahre verstreichen. Ab dem Jahr 1815 gab es hierzu erste Entwürfe. Grundsätzlich unterlag das Terrain vor der Hofburg als Teil der Befestigung, dem Zuständigkeitsbereich des Militärs und somit war es auch für den Bau des Tores verantwortlich. Für die gestalterische Ausführung sahen sich aber ebenso die Architekten des Hofbauamtes zur Mitsprache berechtigt. So stehen zunächst jene Entwürfe der Ingenieure des Geniehauptamtes neben jenen der Architekten Ludwig von Rémy und Johann Aman. Ab dem Jahr 1817 werden zudem die italienischen Architekten Pietro Nobile und Luigi Cagnola eingeladen, ihre Ideen nach Wien zu übermitteln. Das Siegerprojekt stammt von Luigi Cagnola, nach dessen Entwurf im Jahr 1818 mit dem Bau der Fundamente des Tores begonnen wurde. Die Kritik an Cagnolas Projekt setzte mit dem Jahr 1820 ein. Bereits im Sommer gab es eine öffentliche Präsentation, wo neben Cagnolas Entwurf, die Alternativvorschläge der Architekten Nobile und Rémy auf Basis der bereits bestehenden Fundamente in Originalgröße (auf Leinwand gemalt) am künftigen Standort des Tores aufgestellt wurden. Die Entwürfe Luigi Pichls können ebenfalls in diesem Zusammenhang gesehen werden, diese waren allerdings nicht auf Leinwand gemalt worden. Letztlich ist es Pietro Nobile, der den Zuschlag für die Gestaltung des Burgtores erhält. Das vielfältige Entwurfsmaterial, das im Zuge dieser Umplanungsarbeiten entstand, ist ein wesentliches Thema dieser Arbeit. Das Burgtor in Wien wurde schließlich am 18. Oktober 1824, dem elften Jahres-tag der Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig feierlich eröffnet und somit über seine Funktion als repräsentatives Stadttor (im Verband der wiedererrichteten Befestigungsanlagen) hinaus, mit dem Attribut eines Siegesdenkmals versehen

On the Deque and Rique Numbers of Complete and Complete Bipartite Graphs

Several types of linear layouts of graphs are obtained by leveraging known data structures; the most notable representatives are the stack and the queue layouts. In this content, given a data structure, one seeks to specify an order of the vertices of the graph and a partition of its edges into pages, such that the endpoints of the edges assigned to each page can be processed by the given data structure in the underlying order. In this paper, we study deque and rique layouts of graphs obtained by leveraging the double-ended queue and the restricted-input double-ended queue (or deque and rique, for short), respectively. Hence, they generalize both the stack and the queue layouts. We focus on complete and complete bipartite graphs and present bounds on their deque- and rique-numbers, that is, on the minimum number of pages needed by any of these two types of linear layouts

Feasibility of transesophageal phrenic nerve stimulation

Background Every year, more than 2.5 million critically ill patients in the ICU are dependent on mechanical ventilation. The positive pressure in the lungs generated by the ventilator keeps the diaphragm passive, which can lead to a loss of myofibers within a short time. To prevent ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD), phrenic nerve stimulation may be used. Objective The goal of this study is to show the feasibility of transesophageal phrenic nerve stimulation (TEPNS). We hypothesize that selective phrenic nerve stimulation can efficiently activate the diaphragm with reduced co-stimulations. Methods An in vitro study in saline solution combined with anatomical findings was performed to investigate relevant stimulation parameters such as inter-electrode spacing, range to target site, or omnidirectional vs. sectioned electrodes. Subsequently, dedicated esophageal electrodes were inserted into a pig and single stimulation pulses were delivered simultaneously with mechanical ventilation. Various stimulation sites and response parameters such as transdiaphragmatic pressure or airway flow were analyzed to establish an appropriate stimulation setting. Results Phrenic nerve stimulation with esophageal electrodes has been demonstrated. With a current amplitude of 40 mA, similar response figures of the diaphragm activation as compared to conventional stimulation with needle electrodes at 10mA were observed. Directed electrodes best aligned with the phrenic nerve resulted in up to 16.9 % higher amplitude at the target site in vitro and up to 6 cmH20 higher transdiaphragmatic pressure in vivo as compared to omnidirectional electrodes. The activation efficiency was more sensitive to the stimulation level inside the esophagus than to the inter-electrode spacing. Most effective and selective stimulation was achieved at the level of rib 1 using sectioned electrodes 40 mm apart. Conclusion Directed transesophageal phrenic nerve stimulation with single stimuli enabled diaphragm activation. In the future, this method might keep the diaphragm active during, and even support, artificial ventilation. Meanwhile, dedicated sectioned electrodes could be integrated into gastric feeding tubes

From a basic microalga and an Acetic Acid Bacterium cellulose producer to a living symbiotic biofilm

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has recently been the subject of a considerable amount of research, not only for its environmentally friendly biosynthesis, but also for its high potential in areas such as biomedicine or biomaterials. A symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic microalga, Chlamydomonas debaryana, and a cellulose producer bacterium, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans, was established in order to obtain a viable and active biofilm. The effect of the growth media composition ratio on the produced living material was investigated, as well as the microalgae biomass quantity, temperature, and incubation time. The optimal temperature for higher symbiotic biofilm production was 30 °C with an incubation period of 14 days. The high microalgae presence, 0.75% w/v, and 60:40 HS:BG-11 medium (v/v) induced a biofilm microalgae incorporation rate of 85%. The obtained results report, for the first time, a successful symbiotic interaction developed in situ between an alkaline photosynthetic microalga and an acetic acid bacterium. These results are promising and open a new window to BC living biofilm applications in medical fields that have not yet been explored.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of the uranium potential of the Jurassic volcanism (Bahía Laura and El Quemado Complexes), Province of Santa Cruz, using groundborne gamma-ray spectrometry and rock geochemistry

Los relevamientos radimétricos constituyen una herramienta rápida para medir concentraciones de uranio (U), torio (Th), y potasio (K) en las rocas y resultan muy útiles para la exploración de minerales radioactivos. En este trabajo, se evalúa la distribución del uranio en volcanitas jurásicas de la provincia de Santa Cruz, utilizando datos de espectrometría gamma terrestre y de geoquímica de rocas, con el objetivo de determinar su potencial para formar yacimientos. Se seleccionaron cinco zonas con antecedentes de valores radimétricos elevados e información geológica detallada. Las mediciones se realizaron con un espectrómetro de rayos gamma portátil (Exploranium-GR 320®) en andesitas, ignimbritas, riolitas, áreas silicificadas, tobas de caída y sedimentos lacustres de los complejos Bahía Laura y El Quemado. Los resultados obtenidos son similares en todas las zonas relevadas: los valores radimétricos muestran buenas correlaciones con los datos químicos de roca para el K y el Th y menores para el U. Los procesos de diferenciación magmática, cristalización en fase vapor, alteración hidrotermal y alteración supergénica se reflejan en la distribución de estos elementos. Los contenidos de U se incrementan en las rocas más vítreas, en zonas de silicificación hidrotermal y en zonas de fractura, características a considerar en futuros relevamientos. La naturaleza calcoalcalina con impronta de arco del magmatismo jurásico no es de las más favorables para el enriquecimiento de uranio y para contener importantes mineralizaciones. Sin embargo, el ambiente extensional, la presencia de calderas con facies levemente enriquecidas en uranio y torio así como la de actividad hidrotermal, son factores positivos para la exploración por uranio.Radiometric surveys are a rapid tool to measure uranium (U), thorium (Th) and potassium (K) concentrations in rocks and are very useful in the exploration for radioactive minerals. The distribution of uranium in Jurassic volcanic rocks of the province of Santa Cruz is evaluated in this work using ground gamma-ray spectrometry and rock geochemistry in order to assess its potential to form uranium deposits. Five areas were selected, which had some previous data of high radiometric values and detailed geological information. Measurements were carried out with a portable gamma-ray spectrometer (Exploranium- GR 320®) in andesites, ignimbrites, rhyolites, silicified areas, ash-fall tuffs and lacustrine sediments corresponding to the Bahía Laura and to El Quemado complexes. The results were similar in the five surveyed areas: radiometric concentrations show good positive correlations with chemical composition of the studied rocks for both K and Th, and a relatively poorer correlation for U. Different processes such as magmatic differentiation, vapor phase crystallization, hydrothermal alteration and supergene alteration are reflected in the distribution of these elements. U concentrations increase in the more glassy rocks, in areas with hydrothermal silicification, and in fracture zones, features that should be considered in future surveys. The calkalkaline composition and arc-signatures of the Jurassic magmatism are not the most favorable for uranium enrichment and for concentration of significant mineralizations. However, the extensional tectonic setting; the occurrence of calderas with facies slightly enriched in U and Th, in addition to hydrothermal activity are positive factors for U exploration.Fil: Kleiman, Laura Elena. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Maloberti, Alejandro L.. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Gayone, María Rosario. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Sruoga, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de la Rioja. Universidad Nacional de la Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de la Rioja. Secretaria de Industria y Mineria. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Japas, Maria Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Basicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Basicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Kaufmann, Cintia. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin