Comparação anatômica e histoquímica entre raízes primária e adventícia de Attalea microcarpa (Arecaceae) em estádio inicial de crescimento

We describe the anatomical structure of roots originating from the apocole of Attalea microcarpa compared to the primary root, by means of usual methods for optical microscopy. The adventitious roots are differentiated in the apocole associated to vascular bundles, and can remain as a single structure or branch. They have the basic root structure characteristic of Arecoideae palms, without schizogenous spaces, which are observed in the primary root, in addition to few air spaces. Mucilages, starch and proteins were present in both types of roots. Adventitious roots of the apocole are described for the first time in Arecaceae. © 2019, (publisher Name). All right reserved

MORFOANATOMIA FOLIAR DE Irlbachia nemorosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Merr. (GENTIANACEAE: HELIEAE)

Irlbachia is a genus native from Brazil, with four species ocurring on the country, with Irlbachia nemorosa being the only endemic species. Aspects on leaf anatomy of the genus are still unknown. The present study describes aspects of morphological and anatomical structure of the leaf of individuals of Irlbachia nemorosa. The petiole and the midrib vascular bundles are bicolateral, with the occurrence of sclereids in the cortex. The mesophyll is dorsiventral, with compact palisade and spongy parenchyma. Stomata are anomocytic occurring in the epidermal line. The species has characters that allow its successful colonization of open habitats, although it is a herb it shows xeromorphic aspects conferring resistance to the plant.Key words: leaf anatomy; leaf morphology; endemism; Amazon.Irlbachia é um gênero nativo do Brasil, com quatro espécies ocorrendo no território nacional, sendo Irlbachia nemorosa a única espécie endêmica. Aspectos sobre anatomia foliar no gênero são ainda inexplorados. O presente estudo descreve aspectos da estrutura morfoanatômica foliar de Irlbachia nemorosa. O pecíolo e a nervura central apresentam feixes vasculares bicolaterais, com ocorrência de poucas esclereides no córtex. O mesofilo é dorsiventral, com parênquima paliçádico e lacunoso com pouco espaço entre as células. Os estômatos são anomocíticos ocorrendo na linha epidérmica. A espécie possui características que permitem sucesso na colonização de ambientes abertos, pois embora seja uma herbácea, apresentando caracteres xeromórficos conferindo resistência à planta.Palavras-chave: anatomia foliar, morfologia foliar, endemismo, Amazônia

Anatomical aspects of the embryo and initial development of Oenocarpus minor Mart: a palm tree from the Amazon

The anatomy of the embryo and the initial germination phase of O. minor seeds are examined here. Ripe fruits were collected from five individuals, the pulp removed, and the seeds sown in beds with sandy substrate in a greenhouse with 50% shade. Germination follow-up was made by collecting different stages of development. The anatomical study done according to usual techniques of light microscopy. The embryo is capitate and occupies a central position in the basal region of the seed. The embryogenic axis is located in the proximal region in a position that is oblique to the cotyledon axis. The cotyledon is formed by parenchymatous, procambial and protodermic tissue. The vascular bundles lie along the peripheral zone of the distal region to the embryogenicaxis. After 14 days, the primary rootemerges; after 21 days, the first cotyledon sheath and after 35 days, the second cotyledon sheath, and the seedling emerges above the substrate. Germination is of the ligule adjacent type.Neste trabalho foi feita a anatomia do embrião e a fase inicial da germinação da semente de O. minor. Frutos maduros de cinco indivíduos foram despolpados e as sementes obtidas foram semeadas em canteiros contendo substrato areia em casa de vegetação com sombreamento a 50%. O acompanhamento da germinação foi feito através de coletas das diferentes fases do desenvolvimento. O estudo anatômico foi realizado conforme técnicas usuais de microscopia de luz. O embrião é capitado. O eixo embrionário localiza-se na região proximal em posição oblíqua ao eixo cotiledonar. O cotilédone é formado por tecido parenquimático, procambial e protodérmico. Os feixes vasculares ocorrem ao longo da zona periférica da região distal até ao eixo embrionário. Aos 14 dias é emitida a raiz primária. Aos 21 dias forma-se a primeira bainha cotiledonar e aos 35 dias a segunda bainha cotiledonar ocorrendo à emergência da plântula acima do substrato. A germinação é do tipo adjacente ligular

Morphological and anatomical characteristics and temporal pattern of initial growth in Astrocaryum acaule Mart

Astrocaryum acaule Mart. is a palm with underground stem, common in lowland forests, known in Brazil as tucumã-í. The objective of this work was to perform the description and characterization of seeds and of the seedling emergence process, revealing morphological and anatomical patterns of A. acaule. Seedlings were obtained by sowing in vermiculite. The seed is spherical, with variations in shape and size according to the number of seeds in the fruit. Germination is adjacent, with formation of a coleoptile above the cotyledonary sheath. The germinative bud is emitted within between 30 and 130 days. The proximal and distal regions differentiate with growth, forming the seedling and the haustorium that transfers reserves through the reduced apocole. The initial root system differs in the hypocotyl-radicle region, below the insertion of leaf primordia, forming a lateral root and a late primary root. The first eophyll is expanded 120 days after the protrusion of the germinative button, with aculeate petiole, amphistomatic leaf blade, papillose epidermis, homogeneous mesophyll, and vascular system covered by fibers. Morphoanatomical characters reported in this study increase our knowledge about Amazonian palms and on organogenesis in their early stages of growth. © 2019 Elsevier Gmb

Comparative leaf anatomy of twenty species of Chrysobalanaceae R. Br

Anatomical characters are important for the identification of species, investigation of phylogenies and understanding autoecology. This study analyzed the leaf traits of twenty species of Chrysobalanaceae occurring in Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, AM, Brazil. The species show scleromorphic features such as stomatal crypts, thick cuticle, and vascular bundles with extensions sheaths, indicating adaptations to the poor soil forest environment in which they occur, as well as to high light intensity and precipitation. Stomata above the epidermis line was a frequent character in Licania. Characteristics such as vascularization, midrib shape and presence of sclereids differed between species. None of the traits analyzed was exclusive to any of the genera studied. However, these traits can provide an important database for future phylogenetic studies within the family. © 2018 Elsevier Gmb