DINÂMICA DA AGRICULTURA NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO ENTRE 1990-2005: Uma análise através do modelo “shift share”

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de determinar quais foram as fontes de crescimento da produção agrícola no Estado de São Paulo entre 1990 e 2005. Para essa análise utilizou-se o modelo econométrico denominado “shift-share”, também conhecido como estrutural-diferencial. A análise foi dividida em subperíodos, tendo como objetivo abordar o comportamento da produção agrícola em diversos momentos da economia brasileira. Os fatores que explicam a evolução da produção nos subperíodos determinados foram os efeitos área, rendimento e localização geográfica. As alterações na área cultivada por sua vez foram subdivididas em efeito escala e substituição. A mandioca foi a cultura que apresentou maior crescimento da produção agrícola entre 1990 e 1995, o que se deu em razão do acréscimo na área cultivada. No segundo sub-período analisado (1995 a 2000), os ganhos de produção ocorreram com maior intensidade na cultura da banana (27,20% a.a) também em decorrência de acréscimos na área cultivada. E no último subperíodo (2001 a 2005), a maior crescimento da produção ocorreu no trigo (61,31% a.a). --------------------------------------------This study aims to determine what were the sources of growth of agricultural production in the state of Sao Paulo between 1990 and 2005. For this analysis used is the econometric model called "shift-share", also known as structural-differential. The analysis was divided into sub periods, with the aim address the behavior of agricultural production in various stages of the Brazilian economy. The factors that explain the evolution of production in certain sub periods were the effects area, income and geographic location. Changes in the area cultivated in turn were subdivided into effect and scale replacement. The cassava was the culture that had higher growth in agricultural production between 1990 and 1995, which occurred because of the increase in the area cultivated. In the second sub-analysis period (1995 to 2000), the gains in production occurred with greater intensity in the culture of banana (27.20% pa) also due to increases in the area cultivated. And in the last sub period (2001 to 2005), the largest growth in production occurred in the wheat (61.31% pa).São Paulo, shift-share, produção, crescimento, efeitos, shift share, production, growth, effects, Productivity Analysis,

Os fenômenos físicos e químicos no processo digestivo: análise de livros didáticos, percepção de alunos do Ensino Médio e avaliação de uma mídia educacional

Estamos desenvolvendo um DVD com experimentos simples e de baixo custo sobre fenômenos químicose físicos da digestão. Neste trabalho mostramos uma avaliação de livros didáticos e da compreensão doaluno sobre o tema do DVD, além de uma avaliação dos vídeos desenvolvidos. Apesar da importância dadaao livro didático pelos professores, os livros do PNLEM não atendem plenamente às recomendações doscurrículos oficiais sobre o tema abordado. Talvez, este seja o motivo pelo qual os alunos não o identificaramde maneira plena na avaliação. A avaliação positiva dos vídeos por alunos do ensino médio sugere que elespodem ser bem aproveitados na sala de aula. (FAPERJ

Análise qualitativa quanto à diferença da imunoexpressão do gene c-Kit em melanomas melânicos e amelânicos da cavidade oral em cães

Melanomas são as mais frequentes neoplasias malignas da cavidade bucal de cães. Sabe-se que a proliferação de células e expressão de conexina diferem em melanomas melanóticos e amelanóticos da cavidade bucal de cães. Este estudo analisou a expressão da proteína c-Kit em melanomas melanóticos e amelanóticos da cavidade bucal canina. Um total de 34 melanomas bucais caninos (19 melanóticos e 15 amelanóticos) foram coletados. Os melanomas amelanóticos apresentaram evolução mais rápida e maior incidência de metástase. Foi constatado um número significativamente maior de células positivas para c-Kit em neoplasias amelanóticas. Além disso, a intensidade de imunomarcação de c-Kit foi predominantemente mais forte em melanomas amelanóticos. Estes resultados confirmam um papel potencial para c-Kit em melanomas orais caninos, com diferenças claras em padrões de expressão entre os dois tipos histológicos de tumor, melanóticos e amelanóticos. Este trabalho destaca a importância de um estudo detalhado das mutações c-Kit em melanomas orais caninos para ser possível a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no desenvolvimento da doença.Melanomas are the most common oral malignancy in dogs. Cell proliferation and connexin expression has been shown to differ in canine melanotic and amelanotic oral melanomas. This study aimed to analyze the c-Kit protein expression in melanotic and amelanotic melanomas from canine buccal cavity. A total of 34 canine buccal melanomas (19 melanotic and 15 amelanotic).were collected. The amelanotic melanomas presented faster evolution and higher incidence of metastasis than melanotic tumors. A significantly higher number of c-Kit positive cells were observed in amelanotic neoplasms. In addition, the intensity of c-Kit immunolabeling was predominantly stronger in amelanotic melanomas. These results confirm a potential role for c-Kit in canine oral melanomas with clear differences in expression patterns between the two histological types of tumor, melanotic and amelanotic. This study highlights the importance of a detailed study of c-Kit mutations in canine oral melanomas to better understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the development of this disease

Visual Political Communication in a Polarized Society: A Longitudinal Study of Brazilian Presidential Elections on Instagram

In today's digital age, images have emerged as powerful tools for politicians to engage with their voters on social media platforms. Visual content possesses a unique emotional appeal that often leads to increased user engagement. However, research on visual communication remains relatively limited, particularly in the Global South. This study aims to bridge this gap by employing a combination of computational methods and qualitative approach to investigate the visual communication strategies employed in a dataset of 11,263 Instagram posts by 19 Brazilian presidential candidates in 2018 and 2022 national elections. Through two studies, we observed consistent patterns across these candidates on their use of visual political communication. Notably, we identify a prevalence of celebratory and positively toned images. They also exhibit a strong sense of personalization, portraying candidates connected with their voters on a more emotional level. Our research also uncovers unique contextual nuances specific to the Brazilian political landscape. We note a substantial presence of screenshots from news websites and other social media platforms. Furthermore, text-edited images with portrayals emerge as a prominent feature. In light of these results, we engage in a discussion regarding the implications for the broader field of visual political communication. This article serves as a testament to the pivotal role that Instagram has played in shaping the narrative of two fiercely polarized Brazilian elections, casting a revealing light on the ever-evolving dynamics of visual political communication in the digital age. Finally, we propose avenues for future research in the realm of visual political communication

Utilidade da kDNA PCR no diagnostico de reativacao de leishmaniose visceral em pacientes co-infectados sintomaticos

SUMMARY It is important to develop new methods for diagnosing relapses in the co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV to enable earlier detection using less invasive methods. We report a case of a co-infected patient who had relapses after VL treatment, where the qualitative kDNA PCR showed a good performance. The kDNA PCR seems to be a useful tool for diagnosing VL and may be a good marker for predicting VL relapses after treatment of co-infected patients with clinical symptoms of the disease.RESUMO É importante a pesquisa de novos métodos laboratoriais para o diagnóstico de recidivas em casos de co-infecção leishmaniose visceral (LV) e vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), que permitam o diagnóstico precoce das recidivas, utilizando métodos menos invasivos. Descrevemos aqui, o caso de paciente co-infectada que apresentou recidivas após o tratamento da LV e onde a PCR qualitativa demonstrou bom desempenho. A kDNA PCR parece ser ferramenta útil para o diagnóstico de recidivas de LV após o tratamento em pacientes co-infectados com sintomas clínicos da doença

Desenvolvimento de ferramentas multimidiáticas para o ensino de bioquímica

A bioquímica é uma disciplina do ciclo básico de diferentes cursos da área de Ciências da Saúde. Porém,apesar dos avanços observados nos livros didáticos de bioquímica, a visualização de estruturas e reaçõesainda é muito limitada, já que as representações são estáticas, longe de ser ideal. Nosso grupo vem desenvolvendoum material multimidiático, consistindo de vídeos que combinam filmes, animações e dinâmicamolecular com o objetivo de auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em bioquímica. Apoio: FAPERJe PR5/UFRJ

Short-term Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Healthy Dogs of Different Ages

Background: The modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system may be evaluated by the heart rate variability (HRV), which illustrates the fluctuations between RR intervals. To evaluate this analysis, the intervals between 2 QRS complexes are measured. In general, high HRV values are expected in healthy individuals; otherwise, low values are indicative of organism dysfunction. Studies conducted in healthy humans show that HRV suffers reduction with ageing and that there is autonomic immaturity in neonates. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of cardiac autonomic behavior in healthy dogs in different age groups through short-term HRV analysis.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 87 healthy dogs were studied. HRV was analyzed in time and frequency domain, using Holter and heart rate monitor. It was observed that puppies (below one year old) presented a lower parasympathetic predominance and, consequently, lower HRV values on time domain (SDNN, PNN50% e RMSSD) compared to the other 2 groups and on frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF) compared to the adult animals group (between 1 and 7-year-old), which presented higher HRV values when compared to the other groups. Elderly dogs (over 8-year-old) exhibited a natural tendency to decrease cardiac parasympathetic HRV indexes.Discussion: The use of the HRV method as a prognostic index and as an arrhythmogenic marker for various canine heart diseases presents interesting perspectives. However, before it may be employed for these purposes, a better understanding should be established regarding the physiological behavior of autonomic cardiac modulation in different age groups to serve as a basis for future analyses. This study observed that puppies presented higher values for HR and, therefore, shorter RR intervals than the other groups (adult and elderly dogs), what was observed on Holter and heart rate monitor methods (HRM). There were significant differences between puppies and the other 2 groups (adults and elderly) for all time-domain variables using both methods (Holter and HRM methods). SDNN was significantly lower in puppies compared to adults and elderly dogs. In addition, both RMSSD and PNN50%, which were more reliable over shorter periods of time, also presented means and medians that were significantly lower in puppies. Regarding frequency-domain HRV parameters observed on Holter method, these indexes were decreased on the elderly group compared to adult dogs, which is a possible effect of aging. Also, puppies revealed lower frequency-domain HRV parameters on both methods when compared to adult dogs. The influence of age on HRV is possibly related to the stage of development of an individual, starting at conception up to the maturity in relation to the mechanisms that cause variations in HR. There are studies in humans that suggest a gradual increase in parasympathetic activity during childhood, followed by a steady decrease as aging occur. The present study observed the same pattern in dogs. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is influenced by age in dogs, which alters HRV values in the short-term. The HRV method´s analysis is relatively simple and non-invasive for assessing cardiac autonomic function; also, it is widely used in human medicine as a risk measure for sudden cardiac death. The 24-hour HRV analysis is highly challenging, as it is time-consuming, expensive, delays diagnosis, and has a large number of artifacts; in this way, standards for its short-term analysis were developed. Keywords: cardiology, autonomic nervous system, heart rate monitor, Holter

An environmental justice perspective on ecosystem services

Mainstreaming of ecosystem service approaches has been proposed as one path toward sustainable development. Meanwhile, critics of ecosystem services question if the approach can account for the multiple values of ecosystems to diverse groups of people, or for aspects of inter- and intra-generational justice. In particular, an ecosystem service approach often overlooks power dimensions and capabilities that are core to environmental justice. This article addresses the need for greater guidance on incorporating justice into ecosystem services research and practice. We point to the importance of deep engagement with stakeholders and rights holders to disentangle contextual factors that moderate justice outcomes on ecosystem service attribution and appropriation in socio-political interventions. Such a holistic perspective enables the integration of values and knowledge plurality for enhancing justice in ecosystem services research. This broadened perspective paves a way for transformative ecosystem service assessments, management, and research, which can help inform and design governance structures that nourish human agency to sustainably identify, manage, and enjoy ecosystem services for human wellbeing

A Real Time PCR strategy for the detection and quantification of Candida albicans in human blood

Candidemia is a significant cause of bloodstream infections (BSI) in nosocomial settings. The identification of species can potentially improve the quality of care and decrease human mortality. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was evaluated for Candida albicans detection using culture suspensions containing C. albicans, spiked human blood, the cloned qPCR target fragment (ITS2 region) and the results of these assays were compared. The assays showed a good detection limit: C. albicans DNA extracted from yeast (sensitivity 0.2 CFU/µL), spiked human blood (sensitivity 10 CFU/mL), and cloned fragment of ITS2 region (sensitivity 20 target copies/µL). The efficiency of ITS2 fragment-qPCR ranged from 89.67 to 97.07, and the linearity (R2 ) of the standard curve ranged from 0.992 to 0.999. The results showed that this ITS2-qPCR has a great potential as a molecular prototype model for the development of a test to be applied in clinical practice, greatly reducing the time of candidemia diagnosis, which is extremely important in this clinical setting