Medida de la sección eficaz de producción de tZq en colisiones pp a √8 =13TeV en CMS

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física teórica. Fecha de Lectura: 13-06-2022This document presents a measurement of the production cross section of a single top quark in association with a Z boson (and an additional quark), a rare standard model process which is also an irreducible background to many important searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The process is studied using events with three leptons (electrons or muons) in the nal state for an integrated luminosity of 35:9 fb1 recorded by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the LHC using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In these accelerator conditions, the reference next-to-leading-order (NLO) cross section for tZq ! Wb`+ q (considering only leptonic decays of the Z boson to electrons, muons or tau leptons) is 94:2+1:9 1:8 (scale) 2:5 (PDF) fb, which includes lepton pairs from o -shell Z bosons with invariant mass m`+ > 30 GeV. Previous analyses had been conducted at the LHC at 8 TeV but it was not until 2017, when the analysis described in this document was performed, that the rst evidence for this process was presented, also announced by the ATLAS collaboration in the same year. The evidence of this process along with a measurement of its cross section compatible with the prediction, represents an important test of the standard model. The nal state of the process is identical to avour-changing neutral current tZq production. Flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNC) are a phenomenon which is highly suppressed in the standard model, predicted to occur at rates that are not accessible at the current accelerator conditions. In fact, analyses looking for FCNC tZq signatures are conducted in parallel to tZq standard model searches by the experimental community. The cross section measurement presented is sensitive to the contribution from FCNC tZq production, were there incompatibilities with the theoretical standard model prediction. For this analysis, a multivariate classi cation approach is used to achieve a powerful discrimination between signal-like events and other standard model processes (background). The cross section is extracted from a maximum likelihood t performed simultaneously on three statistically independent regions for the four different leptonic channels (three electrons, three muons, two electrons and one muon, and one electron and two muons). The rst region is de ned to be populated mostly by signal events while the other two control regions are de ned so that they contain mostly events from the main background processes. The measurement yields a cross section value (pp ! tZq ! Wb`+`q) = 123+33 31 (stat) +29 23 (syst) fb, calculated so that it contains the contribution from tau leptons too. The observed (expected) signi cance is reported to be 3.7 (3.1) standard deviation

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Formation of Cu and Ni Nanowires by Electrodeposition

In this work, the formation of Cu and Ni nanowires by electrodeposition inside alumina templates was analyzed. The depositswere performed from CuSO4 + H2SO4 and NiSO4 + NiCl2 + H3BO3 + H2SO4 solutions for the electrodeposition of Cu and Ni,respectively. To allow the cations deposition, sufficiently negative potentials were used. The experience time was rangedbetween 500s and 1h. After the metal electrodeposition, the sample was immersed in NaOH to dissolve the alumina membraneand to expose the generated deposit. The obtained nanostructures were characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy).Deposits were corresponded with nanowires having an average diameter of 300 nm. The length of the nanostructures was about10 microns.Fil: Meier, Lorena Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Andrea Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, S.G.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión; ArgentinaFil: del Barrio, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión; Argentin

Formation of dense alumina nanowires from anodic alumina membranes

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Land degradation means a loss of management options

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Sharing Childhood, compartint la infància a les escoles amb una mirada intergeneracional. El primer any de feina junts

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