Aplikasi Bokashi Cair Berbahan Dasar Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan Sentro (Centrocema pubescens)

This research was conducted for 75 days, starting from early September to early November 2020 in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of different based liquid bokashi to Sentro growth (Centrocema pubescens). The research method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 16 experimental units. The treatments given included R0 = without liquid bokashi, R1 = liquid bokashi made from beef feces, R2 = liquid bokashi made from goat feces, R3 = liquid bokashi made from chicken excreta. The variables tested included the number of leaves, stem diameter, and length of spread. The results of analysis of variance showed that the treatment given liquid bokashi from chicken excreta as a base material had a significant effect (P <0.05) where the liquid bokashi treatment from chicken excreta (R3) was better than those given liquid bokashi from other types, namely, with the number of leaves as much as 28.72 strands, stem diameter 0.29 cm, and length of spread 14.08. It can be concluded that the liquid bokashi made from chicken excreta produces good growth in Sentro (Centrocema pubencens) plants, namely with 18.72 leaves, 0.29 cm stem diameter, and 14.08 cm spread length.Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan selama 75 hari, terhitung dari awal September sampai awal November 2020 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aplikasi bokashi cair berbahan dasar berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan sentro (Centrocema pubescens). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga terdapat 16 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan antara lain R0 = Tanpa bokashi cair, R1 = Bokashi cair berbahan dasar feses sapi, R2 = Bokashi cair berbahan dasar feses Kambing, R3 = Bokashi cair berbahan dasar ekskreta ayam. Variabel yang diuji meliputi jumlah daun, diameter batang, dan panjang penyebaran. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang diberi bokashi cair dari bahan dasar ekskreta ayam berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) dimana perlakuan bokashi cair dari bahan dasar ekskreta ayam (R3) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang diberi bokashi cair dari jenis lainnya, yaitu dengan jumlah daun sebanyak 28,72 helai, diameter batang 0,29 cm, dan panjang penyebaran 14,08. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bokashi cair berbahan dasar ekskreta ayam menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang baik pada tanaman Sentro (Centrocema pubencens), yaitu dengan jumlah daun sebanyak 18,72 helai, diameter batang 0,29 cm, dan panjang penyebaran 14,08 cm

Entrepreneurship and Income Inequality in China

This paper explores the association between entrepreneurship and income inequality in China in recent years. Since the 1990s, according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), China has become one of the most entrepreneurial countries in the world. Over the same period, China has also experienced growing income inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. There is a large body of literature that examines the effects of entrepreneurship on economic growth and the relationship between economic growth and income inequality. It is generally acknowledged that entrepreneurial activity contributes to economic growth, but very little work has been done on the direct relationship between entrepreneurship and income disparities, especially in emerging economies. In this study we contribute to the literature by compiling the most recent data on Chinese entrepreneurship and income inequality and then investigating the impact of entrepreneurship on income inequality in China

The Budget Deficit and the Trade Deficit: Insights into This Relationship

This paper addresses the issue of concomitant high budget and trade deficits in the United States. Is it just a coincidence or is there any systematic relationship? The paper employs a bi-error criterion with quarterly data for the U.S. to determine whether a causal relationship exists between trade deficit and budget deficit. The empirical analysis indicate that the trade and budget deficit are related and also finds support for the conventional prpoposition that high budget deficits have caused high trade deficits. However, results do not suggest any feed back from trade to budget deficit. Consequently, budget deficit plays an important role in the budget-trade relationship.

Lung Cancer: A Classic Example of Tumor Escape and Progression While Providing Opportunities for Immunological Intervention

Lung cancers remain one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world today (12.5% of newly diagnosed cancers) despite current advances in chemo- and radiation therapies. Often, by the time these tumors are diagnosed, they have already metastasized. These tumors demonstrate the classic hallmarks of cancer in that they have advanced defensive strategies allowing them to escape various standard oncological treatments. Immunotherapy is making inroads towards effectively treating other fatal cancers, such as melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and castrate-resistant prostate cancers. This paper will cover the escape mechanisms of bronchogenic lung cancer that must be overcome before they can be successfully treated. We also review the history of immunotherapy directed towards lung cancers

Structural integrity of the contralesional hemisphere predicts cognitive impairment in chronic stroke

After stroke, white matter integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption in mirror's regions of the contralateral hemisphere is associated with degree of functional impairment. Fourteen patients suffering right hemispheric focal stroke (S) and eighteen healthy controls (HC) underwent Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and neuropsychological assessment. The stroke patient group was divided into poor (SP; n = 8) and good (SG; n = 6) cognitive recovery groups according to their cognitive improvement from the acute phase (72 hours after stroke) to the subacute phase (3 months post-stroke). Whole-brain DWI data analysis was performed by computing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) followed by Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Assessment of effects was obtained computing the correlation of the projections on TBSS skeleton of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Radial Diffusivity (RD) with cognitive test results. Significant decrease of FA was found only in right brain anatomical areas for the S group when compared to the HC group. Analyzed separately, stroke patients with poor cognitive recovery showed additional significant FA decrease in several left hemisphere regions; whereas SG patients showed significant decrease only in the left genu of corpus callosum when compared to the HC. For the SG group, whole brain analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the Semantic Fluency test and the FA in the right hemisphere as well as between the performance in the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and theTrail Making Test-part A and the FA in the left hemisphere. For the SP group, correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the performance in the GPT and the FA in the right hemisphere

Intrinsic functional brain connectivity changes following aerobic exercise, computerized cognitive training, and their combination in physically inactive healthy late-middle-aged adults: the Projecte Moviment

Lifestyle interventions have positive neuroprotective effects in aging. However, there are still open questions about how changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) contribute to cognitive improvements. The Projecte Moviment is a 12-week randomized controlled trial of a multimodal data acquisition protocol that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB). An initial list of 109 participants was recruited from which a total of 82 participants (62% female; age¿=¿58.38¿±¿5.47) finished the intervention with a level of adherence¿>¿80%. Only in the COMB group, we revealed an extended network of 33 connections that involved an increased and decreased rsFC within and between the aDMN/pDMN and a reduced rsFC between the bilateral supplementary motor areas and the right thalamus. No global and especially local rsFC changes due to any intervention mediated the cognitive benefits detected in the AE and COMB groups. Projecte Moviment provides evidence of the clinical relevance of lifestyle interventions and the potential benefits when combining them.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Projecte Moviment is a project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under two grants: Neuroplasticity in the adulthood: physical exercise and cognitive training (PSI2013-47724-P) and Integrative omics study on the neurobiological effects of physical activity and cognitive stimulation (PSI2016-77475-R). It has also been rewarded with three pre-doctoral fellowships (FPU014/01460, FI-2016, and FI-2018). It was supported by the ICREA Academia Program to MM.SID is supported by a Beatriu de Pinós fellowship (2020 BP 00116). This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (www. mineco.gob.es) PID2021-122952OB-I00, Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), initiatives of Instituto de Investigación Carlos III (ISCIII), and Share4Rare project (Grant Agreement 780262).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

EDUKASI DAN PRAKTEK DALAM PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUKSI TERNAK AYAM KAMPUNG MELALUI PAKAN YANG BERKUALITAS DI DESA TANJUNG KARITAK

KKN Tematik Mandiri (KKNT-M) merupakan suatu bentuk pengabdian masyarakat. Salah satuprogram kerja unggulan yang dilakukan oleh Tim KKN-T Mandiri di desa Tanjung Karitak adalahedukasi dan praktek peningkatan kualitas produksi ternak melalui pakan yang berkualitas. Selamaini para peternak memberikan pakan berbahan dasar yang cukup mahal namun hasil produksinyamasih belum maksimal sehingga merugikan karena produktifitas yang sangat rendah. Olehkarena itu tim KKN-T Mandiri Desa Tanjung Karitak memberikan solusi dengan memberikanedukasi dan praktek pembuatan pakan yang berkualitas untuk menunjang produktivitas hasilternak. Tujuan pelaksanaan program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkanpengetahuan dan ketrampilan teknik pembuatan pakan ternak yang mengutamakan kualitaspakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey, edukasi dan pendampingan cara pembuatan pakanternak berkualitas. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan diketahui bahwa kegiatan pelatihan, danpendampingan cara pembuatan pakan berkualitas memberikan dampak positif bagi usaha ternakdan diharapkan pakan tersebut dapat menunjang produktivitas ternak yang lebih optima

Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive and Combined Training on Cognition in Physically Inactive Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Adults : The Projecte Moviment Randomized Controlled Trial

Lifestyle interventions are promising strategies to promote cognitive health in aging. Projecte Moviment examines if aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB) improves cognition, psychological health, and physical status compared to a control group. We assessed the moderating role of age and sex and the mediating effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), and psychological health on intervention-related cognitive benefits. This was a 12-week multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial (RCT). 96 healthy adults aged 50-70 years were assigned to AE, CCT, COMB, and a wait-list control group. The per protocol sample, which completed the intervention with a level of adherence > 80%, consisted of 82 participants (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47). We assessed cognition, psychological health, CRF, and energy expenditure in PA at baseline and after the intervention. We regressed change in each outcome on the treatment variables, baseline score, sex, age, and education. We used PROCESS Macro to perform the mediation and moderation analyses. AE benefited Working Memory (SMD = 0.29, p = 0.037) and Attention (SMD = 0.33, p = 0.028) including the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.31, p = 0.042) domain, compared to Control. COMB improved Attention (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.043), Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.044), and the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.041) domain. CTT group did not show any cognitive change compared to Control. Sportive PA (S-PA) and CRF increased in AE and COMB. Age and sex did not moderate intervention-related cognitive benefits. Change in S-PA, but not in CRF, significantly mediated improvements on Attention-Speed in AE. A 12-week AE program improved Executive Function and Attention-Speed in healthy late-middle-aged adults. Combining it with CCT did not provide further benefits. Our results add support to the clinical relevance of even short-term AE as an intervention to enhance cognition and highlight the mediating role of change in S-PA in these benefits

Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive and Combined Training on Cognition in Physically Inactive Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Adults: The Projecte Moviment Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Lifestyle interventions are promising strategies to promote cognitive health in aging. Projecte Moviment examines if aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB) improves cognition, psychological health, and physical status compared to a control group. We assessed the moderating role of age and sex and the mediating effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), and psychological health on intervention-related cognitive benefits. Methods: This was a 12-week multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial (RCT). 96 healthy adults aged 50-70 years were assigned to AE, CCT, COMB, and a wait-list control group. The per protocol sample, which completed the intervention with a level of adherence > 80%, consisted of 82 participants (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47). We assessed cognition, psychological health, CRF, and energy expenditure in PA at baseline and after the intervention. We regressed change in each outcome on the treatment variables, baseline score, sex, age, and education. We used PROCESS Macro to perform the mediation and moderation analyses. Results: AE benefited Working Memory (SMD = 0.29, p = 0.037) and Attention (SMD = 0.33, p = 0.028) including the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.31, p = 0.042) domain, compared to Control. COMB improved Attention (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.043), Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.044), and the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.041) domain. CTT group did not show any cognitive change compared to Control. Sportive PA (S-PA) and CRF increased in AE and COMB. Age and sex did not moderate intervention-related cognitive benefits. Change in S-PA, but not in CRF, significantly mediated improvements on Attention-Speed in AE. Conclusion: A 12-week AE program improved Executive Function and Attention-Speed in healthy late-middle-aged adults. Combining it with CCT did not provide further benefits. Our results add support to the clinical relevance of even short-term AE as an intervention to enhance cognition and highlight the mediating role of change in S-PA in these benefits