Mortalidade perinatal e desigualdades socioespaciais

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the social inequalities in the distribution of perinatal mortality in Belo Horizonte. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the perinatal deaths of residents in Belo Horizonte in the period 2003 to 2007 were studied on the basis of the Information Systems on Mortality and Newborns. The space analysis and the Health Vulnerability Index were used to identify existing inequalities in the sanitary districts regarding coverage and risk, determined by the Odds Ratio and a value pOBJETIVO: analizar las desigualdades sociales en la distribución de la mortalidad perinatal en Belo Horizonte. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: fueron estudiadas las muertes perinatales de residentes en Belo Horizonte, en el período de 2003 a 2007, con base en los Sistemas de Información sobre Mortalidad y Nacidos Vivos. El análisis espacial y el Índice de Vulnerabilidad de la Salud fueron utilizados para identificar desigualdades existentes en los Distritos Sanitarios, en las áreas de influencias y de riesgo, determinadas por el Odds Ratio y el valor pOBJETIVO: analisar as desigualdades sociais constatadas na distribuição da mortalidade perinatal em Belo Horizonte. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: estudaram-se os óbitos perinatais de residentes em Belo Horizonte, no período de 2003 a 2007, com base nos sistemas de informação sobre mortalidade e nascidos vivos e utilizaram-se a análise espacial e o índice de vulnerabilidade à saúde para identificar desigualdades existentes nos distritos sanitários, nas áreas de abrangências e de risco, determinadas pelo odds ratio e valor

Analysis of infant mortality in coverage areas of health centers in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (1994-1996)

Geographic analysis of health conditions highlights regional and intra-urban inequalities. This study aims to identify intra-urban discrepancies in the city of Belo Horizonte, studying the infant mortality coefficients (IMC) in the various areas of the metropolitan area and evaluating their evolution from 1994 to 1996. The study uses data from 1994 to 1996 regarding birth and death records (from the SINASC and SIM registries). It also uses thematic maps related to geographic coverage areas of municipal health centers to demonstrate differences in infant mortality coefficients. The empirical Bayesian method was applied to correct possible random fluctuation in IMC due to small and unstable numbers. A 24.4% reduction in the overall coefficient was observed in the city from 1994 to 1996. Decreases also occurred in the health center coverage areas. In 1994, eight areas presented an IMC above 50/1,000, while in 1996 no area reached that coefficient. In 1994, 29 areas presented an IMC from 35 to 50/1,000, as compared to only four areas in 1996. In 1996 there were more areas with IMC below 35/1,000 as compared to 1994. In 1996, more homogeneity was observed in IMC distribution and hence a reduction in intra-urban inequalities.O trabalho pretende identificar os diferenciais intra-urbanos em Belo Horizonte, Brasil, estudando os coeficientes de mortalidade infantil (CMI) nas áreas do município e avaliando sua evolução no período 1994/1996. A análise das condições de saúde referenciadas territorialmente constitui importante campo de estudo para evidenciar desigualdades regionais e intra-urbanas. Para os anos de 1994 e 1996, foram utilizados os dados do SINASC e SIM, além de mapas temáticos com o recorte geográfico da área de abrangência dos Centros de Saúde. Aplicou-se o método Bayesiano empírico para o cálculo dos CMI dessas áreas, visando corrigir possíveis flutuações aleatórias decorrentes de números pequenos e instáveis. Em todo o período, houve redução do CMI global do município em 24,4%, assim como do CMI nas áreas de abrangência. Em 1994, oito áreas apresentaram CMI acima de 50/1.000 e, em 1996, nenhuma área foi observada com esse coeficiente; em 1994, vinte e nove áreas mostraram CMI entre 35 a 50/1.000, caindo para quatro áreas em 1996; neste ano, registrou-se, em relação a 1994, maior número de áreas com CMI abaixo de 35/1.000. Em 1996 existiu maior homogeneidade na distribuição dos CMI, reduzindo-se as desigualdades intra-urbanas.1189119

Diffusion Pattern and Hotspot Detection of Dengue in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

This study considers the dengue occurrence in the city of Belo Horizonte over the last fifteen years. Approximately 186,000 cases registered from 1996 to 2011 were analyzed. The home address of individuals whose dengue case was notified was used as a proxy for exposure location. For determining possible outbreaks of disease and the specific patterns of dengue cases, spatial statistics used included Kernel's estimation. The occurrence of waves of dengue outbreaks was correlated with climatic and vector presence data. Outbreaks had different durations and intensities: case clustering, thinned out both spatially and temporally. These findings may be useful for public health professionals responsible for fighting the disease providing some tools for improving evaluation of interventions such as vector control and patient care, minimizing the collective and individual burden of the disease

Comparative study of chemical and mechanical retentive systems for bonding of indirect composite resin to commercially pure titanium

This study evaluated the effect of chemical and mechanical surface treatments for cast metal alloys on the bond strength of an indirect composite resin (Artglass) to commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Thirty cylindrical metal rods (3 mm diameter x 60 mm long) were cast in grade-1 cpTi and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=5) according to the received surface treatment: sandblasting; chemical treatment; mechanical treatment - 0.4 mm beads; mechanical treatment - 0.6 mm beads; chemical/mechanical treatment - 0.4 mm; and chemical/mechanical treatment - 0.6 mm beads. Artglass rings (6.0 mm diameter x 2.0 mm thick) were light cured around the cpTi rods, according manufacturer's specifications. The specimens were invested in hard gypsum and their bond strength (in MPa) to the rods was measured at fracture with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2.0 mm/min and 500 kgf load cell. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (a=5%). The surface treatments differed significantly from each other (p<0.05) regarding the recorded bond strengths. Chemical retention and sandblasting showed statistically similar results to each other (p=0.139) and both had significantly lower bond strengths (p<0.05) than the other treatments. In conclusion, mechanical retention, either associated or not to chemical treatment, provided higher bond strength of the indirect composite resin to cpTi.Este estudo avaliou o efeito de tratamentos de superfície químico e mecânico para ligas metálicas fundidas sobre a resistência de união de uma resina composta indireta (Artglass) ao titânio comercialmente puro (Ti cp). Trinta varetas cilíndricas metálicas (3 mm diâmetro x 60 mm comprimento) foram fundidas em Ti cp grau 1 e igualmente divididas em grupos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos de superfície: jateamento, químico, mecânico com esferas de 0,4 mm, mecânico com esferas de 0,6 mm, químico/mecânico com esferas de 0,4 mm e químico/mecânico com esferas de 0,6 mm. Anéis de Artglass (6 mm diâmetro X 2 mm espessura) foram fotopolimerizados ao redor das varetas, de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. Os corpos-de-prova foram embutidos em gesso-pedra e a resistência de união (MPa) foi medida em uma máquina universal de ensaios com velocidade de 2,0 mm/min e célula de carga de 500 kgf. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA a um critério e teste de Tukey (a=5%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos de superfície quanto à resistência adesiva. Retenção química e jateamento apresentaram resultados estatisticamente semelhantes (p=0,139), e ambos apresentaram menores valores de retenção que os demais tratamentos (p<0,05). Em conclusão, a retenção mecânica, associada ou não a tratamento químico, apresentou melhores resultados de resistência adesiva do compósito indireto ao Ti cp.(FAPESP) São Paulo Research Foundatio

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities