Stemming the gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship–insights into women’s entrepreneurship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are notably important for innovation and technological development, which in turn are seen as drivers of social and economic growth. Hence, researchers and policy-makers have paid substantial attention to analyzing and promoting high-growth ventures in STEM fields. However, STEM fields are highly gender-skewed, regardless of whether the population considered is students, faculty members, graduates, top managers, or entrepreneurs. This is noticeable in the small number of women entrepreneurs with STEM backgrounds. This underrepresentation of women in innovation-driven business startups highlights existing gender biases and systemic disadvantages in social structures, making visible the double masculinity that exists at the intersection of STEM and entrepreneurship. This article addresses this issue by combining insights from research about women’s entrepreneurship and research about the gender aspects of STEM fields. We emphasize institutional, organizational, and individual factors influencing women’s entrepreneurship in STEM fields, laying the foundation for the articles included in this special issue. Finally, we discuss the way forward for research on the gender aspects of STEM entrepreneurship to help us create the knowledge needed to close this gender gap.publishedVersionUnit Licence Agreemen

First description of the soft part anatomy of Ilyocypris ramirezi Cusminsky & Whatley (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Argentina, South America

The anatomy of the soft parts of Ilyocypris ramirezi Cusminsky & Whatley, 1996 is described and illustrated for the first time, based on findings of this species from water bodies in the shallow areas of the Llancanelo basin, south-west of Mendoza Province, Argentina. This species is common in Quaternary and extant environments of the Pampa and Patagonian regions. Its distribution is now extending in Argentina to the Central-West area, locally named “Cuyo region”. Ilyocypris ramirezi is a good environmental indicator and constitutes a useful tool in paleolimnological studies.Fil: D'ambrosio, Débora Sabina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Analia Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Adriana. University Of Wollongong; AustraliaFil: Claps, Maria Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentin

Association of common polymorphisms in the VEGFA and SIRT1 genes with type 2 diabetes-related traits in Mexicans

Introduction: Genetic variants have been replicated for association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and many of them with diabetes-related traits. Because T2D is highly prevalent in Mexico, this study aimed to test the association of CDKN2A/B, PPARGC1A, VEGFA, SIRT1 and UCP2 gene polymorphisms (rs10811661, rs8192678, rs2010963, rs7896005 and rs659366 respectively) with metabolic traits in 415 unrelated Mexican mestizos with T2D under three models of inheritance. Material and methods: A total of 415 unrelated Mexican mestizos were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin and anthropometric measurements were determined and the HOMA-IR was calculated. Association studies were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression, statistical power analysis, Bonferroni correction, paired SNP analysis, and physical interaction by GeneMANIA. Results: All polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the association by genotype with T2D-related traits displayed nominal significance for rs8192678 with glucose (p = 0.023) and triglycerides (p = 0.013); rs2010963 with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.012) and cholesterol (p = 0.013); rs7896005 with DBP (p = 0.012) and insulin (p = 0.011); and rs659366 with cholesterol (p = 0.034), glucose (p = 0.031) and triglycerides (p = 0.028); and the association of rs2010963 with HDL-C (p = 0.0007) was significant. Linear regression performed with three models of inheritance, adjusted by age + sex + BMI and corrected with Bonferroni, showed a significant association of rs2010963 with HDL-C in an additive model (p = 0.007); and rs7896005 was significantly associated with DBP in the recessive model (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Rigorous analysis evidenced the association of VEGFA rs2010963 and SIRT1 rs7896005 with HDL-C and DBP respectively; these traits are known predictors of cardiovascular complications, which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in this population

Dyskeratosis congenita: natural history of the disease through the study of a cohort of patients diagnosed in childhood

Aplastic anaemia; Dyskeratosis congenita; Multisystem diseaseAnemia aplásica; Disqueratosis congénita; Enfermedad multisistémicaAnèmia aplàstica; Disceratosi congènita; Malaltia multisistèmicaBackground: Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a multisystem and ultra-rare hereditary disease characterized by somatic involvement, bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer. The main objective of this study is to describe the natural history of DC through a cohort of patients diagnosed in childhood and followed up for a long period of time. Material and methods: Multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal study conducted in patients followed up to 24 years since being diagnosed in childhood (between 1998 and 2020). Results: Fourteen patients were diagnosed with DC between the ages of 3 and 17 years (median, 8.5 years). They all had hematologic manifestations at diagnosis, and nine developed mucocutaneous manifestations during the first decade of life. Seven presented severe DC variants. All developed non-hematologic manifestations during follow-up. Mutations were identified in 12 patients. Thirteen progressed to bone marrow failure at a median age of 8 years [range, 3–18 years], and eight received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Median follow-up time was 9 years [range, 2–24 years]. Six patients died, the median age was 13 years [range, 6–24 years]. As of November 2022, eight patients were still alive, with a median age of 18 years [range, 6–32 years]. None of them have developed myeloblastic syndrome or cancer. Conclusions: DC was associated with high morbidity and mortality in our series. Hematologic manifestations appeared early and consistently. Non-hematologic manifestations developed progressively. No patient developed cancer possibly due to their young age. Due to the complexity of the disease multidisciplinary follow-up and adequate transition to adult care are essential

Estimating HIV-1 incidence using the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV infections at HIV counseling and testing centers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

The network of HIV counseling and testing centers in São Paulo, Brazil is a major source of data used to build epidemiological profiles of the client population. We examined HIV-1 incidence from November 2000 to April 2001, comparing epidemiological and socio-behavioral data of recently-infected individuals with those with long-standing infection. A less sensitive ELISA was employed to identify recent infection. The overall incidence of HIV-1 infection was 0.53/100/year (95% CI: 0.31-0.85/100/year): 0.77/100/year for males (95% CI: 0.42-1.27/100/year) and 0.22/100/ year (95% CI: 0.05-0.59/100/year) for females. Overall HIV-1 prevalence was 3.2% (95% CI: 2.8-3.7%), being 4.0% among males (95% CI: 3.3-4.7%) and 2.1% among females (95% CI: 1.6-2.8%). Recent infections accounted for 15% of the total (95% CI: 10.2-20.8%). Recent infection correlated with being younger and male (p = 0.019). Therefore, recent infection was more common among younger males and older females.Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São PauloUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de EpidemiologiaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Medicina SocialUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Laboratório de RetrovirologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Laboratório de RetrovirologiaSciEL

Sistematización de una propuesta de integración curricular para un aprendizaje significativo “PICAS”

118 Páginas incluye ilustraciones y diagramasLa Sistematización: Propuesta de Integración Curricular para un Aprendizaje Significativo “PICAS” es una investigación social de tipo cualitativo que tiene como propósito principal, determinar el efecto de la integración curricular interdisciplinaria en el diseño metodológico y la práctica pedagógica en los cursos 203 y 204 del Colegio Rafael Uribe Uribe I.E.D, de la localidad de Tunjuelito. El presente trabajo investigativo asume y sustenta su metodología en la concepción de Oscar Jara, pero nutrida por los aportes teóricos de Lola Cendales y Mario Acevedo; con el fin de generar una ruta investigativa coherente, pertinente y contextualizada frente a los requerimientos de la indagación. Para (Jara O. , 2012), la sistematización de experiencias cuenta con cinco fases operativas, a saber: a) punto de partida, b) preguntas iniciales, c) recuperación del proceso vivido, d) reflexión de fondo, e) punto de llegada. Como resultado de ésta experiencia se puede afirmar que la integración curricular se convierte en una estrategia efectiva que responde a la necesidad de educar para la vida; garantizando la mirada holista del hombre y reestructurando antiguas propuestas educativas

Diseño y optimización de sistemas de transformación y conservación de naranja variedad “Canoneta” de la Serra Nord mallorquina para obtención de naranja IV gama

Este trabajo muestra el efecto de diferentes tipos de procesado sobre la vida útil de naranjas mínimamente procesadas de la variedad “Canoneta”. Las naranjas peladas de manera mecánica o semimanual fueron envasadas en dos atmósferas (vacío parcial y 20% CO2+ 80% N2) y se almacenaron durante 10 días a 4ºC y a 8ºC. Los análisis sensoriales, microbiológicos y físicoquímicos identificaron el pelado semi-manual como el menos idóneo de los métodos de pelado y se estableció 7 días como la vida útil máxima para un producto aceptable desde el punto de vista sensorial