AVALIAÇÃO BIOQUÍMICA E HEMOGASOMÉTRICA DE BOLSAS DE SANGUE (CPDA-1) CANINAS MANTIDAS SOB REFRIGERAÇÃO

Com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações bioquímicas e hemogasométricas resultantes do armazenamento de bolsas de sangue foram utilizados oito cães provenientes do Canil da Unoeste, adultos e hígidos, onde foram colhidos 420mL de sangue e acompanhados durante 30 dias. Após a coleta de sangue, as bolsas foram ficaram sob refrigeração e uma alíquota foi retirada imediatamente após a coleta (D0) e nos dias sete (D7), 14 (D14), 21 (D21) e 30 (D30) para serem submetidas às análises laboratoriais. O procedimento de retirada das amostras foi realizado em capela microbiológica obedecendo às técnicas de assepsia. Os exames laboratoriais feitos em cada momento foram: dosagem de glicose plasmática, sódio, potássio, proteína plasmática total e mensuração da pO2, pCO2, bicarbonato e pH sanguíneos por aparelho de hemogasometria. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste experimento, pode-se concluir que por apresentarem alterações significativas, as bolsas de sangue devem ser utilizadas no período máximo de quinze dias para que todos os constituintes permaneçam preservados

MANEJO E PERFIL DE CÃES ATENDIDOS NO HOSPITAL VETERINÁRIO DA UNIVERSIDADE DO OESTE PAULISTA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE SEUS PROPRIETÁRIOS

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o manejo e perfil de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Oeste Paulista e caracterizar seus proprietários. Foi utilizado questionário específico buscando dados dos proprietários como: sexo e idade, e dados dos animais como: raça, idade, sexo, score corporal, alimentação, atividade física, local e frequência de banho, habitat, vermifugação, vacinação e níveis de glicemia. Os resultados foram apresentados na forma descritiva. Conclui-se que os proprietários que frequentam este Hospital Veterinário são na maioria do sexo feminino entre 20 e 39 anos de idade; são atendidos mais cães que gatos, a maioria é sem raça definida de dois meses a dois anos de idade, do sexo feminino, com score corporal ideal do ponto de vista dos proprietários; come ração seca ou misturada à ração úmida e consome petiscos; dormem fora de casa; a maioria pratica atividade física todos os dias, toma banho em casa quinzenalmente, é vacinada e vermifugada regularmente e possuem glicemia dentro da normalidade

AMINOFILINA INALATÓRIA E ENDOVENOSA EM CÃES: ASPECTOS CLÍNICO E ELETROCARDIOGRÁFICO

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of aminophylline in dogs by intravenous andinhaled administration through check heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, systolic blood pressure and heart rate via electrocardiogram. Twelve dogs were distributed in two groups: group AE- received 10mg/kg intravenous aminophylline; group AI-received aminophylline inhaled through the nebulizer at a dose of 10mg/kg, diluted in 5ml of sodium chloride solution 0,9%. We evaluated the rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) at the time prior to drug administration, 30 minutes and 2, 6 and 8 hours after use of it. The average heart rate, TR faith that remained in the normal range for the species. However, some animals, both AE and AI group showed a slight increase in HR, RR and TR. The mean SBP was below the reference values in the AE group M6 and M30 and M8 in group AI. Sinus tachycardia was observed in both groups, earlier in the group AE. We conclude that intravenous aminophylline used both inhaled and causes clinical and electrocardiographic changes in dogs with a tendency to decrease systolic blood pressure, increased respiratory rate and rectal temperature as well as cardiac stimulation with increased heart rate and arrhythmia in the presence ofb animals the two groups with higher early manifestation of clinical signs in animals that received intravenous aminophylline

Clinic, electrocardiography and laboratorial analysis of cats treated with levamisol

The levamisole is an antihelminthic drug that has been used as an immunomodulator. However, there are some doubts regarding the dosage, administration route, side effects and toxicity of the drug in cats. In order to evaluate the effects of levamisole on clinical, laboratorial and electrocardiogram (ECG) of cats, nine animals were orally treated with three applications of levamisole in immunomodulatory dose (25 mg/per cat), in intervals of 48 hours. The animals were examined before treatment (control) and after 60, 180 and 360 minutes after administration of drug. Temperature, respiratory rate (f), heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and ECG were the parameters evaluated. Hemogram, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and g-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total serum protein, albumin and globulin were carried out in order to evaluate the hepatic function before and after the last levamisole application. Alterations of f, ALT, GGT and proteins were not observed. Temperature, HR and SAP increased significantly in different moments after treatment, however the values were inside of the physiologic range. It was observed a decrease of lymphocytes number after the levamisole administration. Sialorrhea and vomiting were observed in 33.3% and 11.1% of the animals, respectively. ECG revealed first and second degree atrium-ventricular blockade in 22.2% and atrial premature complexes was observed in 33.3% of the cats. In conclusion, levamisole given orally at 25 mg/per cat causes side effects and be used carefully.O levamisol pode ser usado como parasiticida e indutor de imunidade. Na literatura há conflitos quanto à dose, vias de administração, efeitos adversos e toxicidade do fármaco em gatos. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos clínicos, laboratoriais e eletrocardiográficos do levamisol em gatos, foram estudados nove animais, utilizando-se a dose imunomoduladora de 25 mg/gato, via oral, em dias alternados, por 3 aplicações (dias 1, 3 e 5). Os animais foram avaliados antes do levamisol (controle), 60, 180 e 360 minutos após administração do levamisol, em todos os dias de tratamento. Avaliou-se a temperatura (T), frequência respiratória (f), frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e eletrocardiograma (ECG) em todos os momentos citados. Hemograma, função hepática, incluindo alanino aminotransferase (ALT) e gamaglutamil transferase (GGT), proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas foram avaliados antes e após a última aplicação do levamisol. Não foram observadas alterações da f, ALT, GGT e proteínas. A T, FC e PAS elevaram-se significativamente em diferentes momentos em relação ao controle, permanecendo, no entanto, dentro dos limites fisiológicos para a espécie. Sialorréia e vômito foram observados em 33,3% e 11,1% dos animais, respectivamente. No ECG foi observado bloqueio átrio-ventricular de 1º e 2º grau em 22,2% dos animais, nos dias 1 e 5, e complexos atriais prematuros em 33,3%, nos dias 1 e 3. No hemograma houve diminuição do número de linfócitos após a terceira dose administrada do fármaco. Conclui-se que na dose estudada o levamisol provoca efeitos tóxicos em gatos e deve ser usado com cautela

Fractal Dimension in Liver Histological Findings of Wistar Rats Experimentally Intoxicated with Venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus

Background: Accidents caused by venom of Crotalus durissus snakes, popularly known in Brazil as rattlesnake, are second in relation to the occurrence and first place in deaths in humans and animals, mainly due to the great neurotoxic, myotoxic, coagulant, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of their venom. The effects observed are due to the action of the main poison fractions and among them we can mention crotoxin (representing 50% of the total poison), crotamine, gyroxine and conxulxin. The present study had the objective of analyzing by histology and fractal dimension liver samples of Wistar rats experimentally poisoned with venom of the snake Crotalus durissus terrificus. The hypothesis is that the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus is can induce hepatic damage at the dose recommended in this study, that its alterations can be quantified by the fractal dimension and that the antiofidic serum botropic crotalic be able to minimize the hepatic lesions induced by the venom.  Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety rats were distributed into different groups and treated with: control group (GC, n = 30) 0.9% sodium chloride solution; venom group (GV, n = 30) crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/kg; (GVS, n = 30) crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/Kg and antiofidic serum 6 h after the application of the venom at the dose recommended by the manufacturer. Liver samples were collected at 2 h (M1), 8 h (M2) and 24 h (M3) after venom administration and submitted to histological analysis and fractal dimension (DF) using the ImageJ® software and box-counting method. Procedures for collecting, processing and analyzing samples were standardized. For statistical analyzes, after the normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity by the Bartlett test, the data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan test contrast with a significance level of 5%. No significant lesions were observed in GC, however necrosis, cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization and absence of inflammatory infiltrate were observed in 8 h (M2) and 24 h (M3) in GV. In addition to the lesions found in the GV, mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate was evident always (2 h, 8 h and 24 h) in the GVS. The lesions of necrosis, cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, considered of greater severity were visualized in M3 (24 h) in both GV and GVS. There was an increase in DF for the same changes in GV and GVS over time, but with no difference between them, but with a significant difference compared to CG. In this study, lesions evidenced in the liver were not minimized by the application of antiofidic serum at the recommended dose and during the time of observation of the animals. Discussion: This study agrees with other authors about the hepatotoxicity of crotalic venom in relation to histological findings and the results indicate an increase in DF for the findings of vacuolization and necrosis, proving to be an efficient method for the quantitative evaluation of morphological changes induced by venom without observer interference. In addition, non-protection of the liver by antiofidic serum was evident. It is concluded that Crotalus durissus terrificus venom causes important hepatotoxic effects in the first 24 h after experimental intoxication in rats; DF is effective in the quantitative morphological evaluation of liver changes and was characterized mainly by vacuolization and necrosis; the antiofidic serum did not protect the liver from lesions induced by crotalic venom according to the dose of venom and antiofidic serum and time of observation recommended in this study

LEVANTAMENTO DE FAUNA SILVESTRE NO TERRA PARQUE, MUNICIPIO DE PIRAPOZINHO, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

O levantamento de fauna silvestre se baseia uma série de observações, a fim de catalogar espécimes em dada região. Objetivou avaliar a diversidade de fauna no “Terra Parque”, município de Pirapozinho através do monitoramento por armadilha fotográfica e observação direta e elaborar placas informativas quanto à taxonomia. A área foi percorrida a pé, 3 câmeras automáticas foram implantadas, modelo “HC300 Hunting Trail Câmera” fixadas em árvores e coletas de dados de acordo com a existência de vestígios e pegadas. As câmeras foram acionadas para funcionar initerruptamente, registrando indivíduos em atividade diurna e noturna. Iscas de cheiro foram utilizadas para atrair os animais. Os fragmentos do estudo foram divididos em 2 campanhas. A primeira por 05 dias consecutivos na estação da primavera (outubro/2017), início da estação chuvosa, com 120 horas. A segunda campanha de 5 dias de esforço amostral, que totalizou 120 horas. Perfazendo 10 dias de levantamento de fauna com 240 horas. Análises obtidas do processo de monitoramento foram descritivas. Identificados mamíferos através de vestígios e pegadas: Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous e Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; Identificação pela câmera AF1, resultou nas imagens de répteis - Salvator merianae e mamíferos - Dasypus novemcinctus e Nasua nasua. AF2 resultou em mamífero Leopardus pardalis. A elaboração de placas taxonômicas foi estabelecida. O relevo no município é colinoso, bioma de Mata Atlântica, com área de restrição legal ao uso, sendo esta para refúgio de fauna e uma Tº média anual inferior a 22°C e clima Tropical típico, com estações definidas: inverno seco e verão chuvoso. Armadilhas em pontos estratégicos de áreas com indícios de ocorrência de mamíferos, em contrapartida para répteis é de difícil amostragem, por serem animais inconspícuos. Porém, foram capturados. Conclui-se a importância do monitoramento para identificação dos espécimes para maximizar os esforços de conservação a nível local, tratando-se de um estabelecimento turístico

Detecção de larvas de Toxocara canis em leite: um estudo experimental em coelhas.

Toxocariasis, caused most commonly by Toxocara canis, is an important cosmopolitan zoonosis. Paratenic hosts have been employed to provide knowledge regard to the transmission of toxocariasis. Transmammary transmission in murine experimentally infected was observed based on the recovery of larvae from the tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of transmammary transmission of Toxocara canis in rabbits by detecting larvae directly in milk. Seventeen sexually mature virgin white New Zealand female rabbits were divided into two groups. Twelve animals were orally inoculated with 1,000 T. canis embryonated eggs (infected group), and five animals remained uninfected (control group). One month following the infection, the females were mated. Manual collection of 500 ?L of milk from each rabbit was performed on days +7, +14 and +21 of lactation for three consecutive lactations. The recovery of larvae was determined via a centrifuge-sedimentation technique using ether and formalin solutions. ELISA test was run to confirm the production of anti-T. canis antibodies (IgG) by infected rabbits. The presence of larvae was observed in milk samples from 5 (41.7%) of the 12 infected rabbits. The total number of recovered larvae was 20, ranging from 1 to 4 larvae per lactation/rabbit. Larvae were recovered exclusively on days 7 and 14 of lactation. Recovery was verified in different lactations. No significant difference was observed with respect to the number of larvae either in the same lactation period or in different lactation periods. Anti-T. canis antibodies were detected in all infected rabbits. In conclusion, the presence of larvae in rabbit milk samples suggests the possibility of galactogenic transmission of T. canis in paratenic hosts. Moreover, the technique employed in this study allows for the recovery of larvae directly from milk

Laboratory Evaluation and Serum Level of Phenobarbital Administered by Different Pathways in Dogs

Background: Anticonvulsants are widely used in the treatment of small animals for the remission of isolated seizures and recurrent seizures in epilepsy, including tonic-clonic seizures and in status epileticus. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for the management of epileptic seizures, it is considered very effective, safe, low cost and with few side effects. Several routes of administration may be used, with the oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes being the most common, with rectal and nasal routes being the least common. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty mongrel dogs were used in the present study (aged 1 to 6-year-old, males and females, weighing 6.0 to 17.0 kg). The patients were previously evaluated via physical examination, temperature, respiratory and heart rate, laboratory tests (erythrogram and leukogram), and serum biochemistry by analyzing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Four experimental groups were established with five animals in each group: animals receiving intramuscular injections of phenobarbital (VIM), animals receiving nasal administration of phenobarbital (VN), animals receiving rectal administration of phenobarbital (VR), and animals receiving oral administration of phenobarbital (VO). Phenobarbital was administered every 12 h for 15 days. To determine the serum level of phenobarbital, 5 mL of jugular vein blood was collected in vacuum tubes for evaluation via hemogram. The serum level was determined after 15 days of continuous administration of phenobarbital, as stable phenobarbital serum levels can only be achieved from 10 to 15 days after the first administration. For the serum biochemistry evaluation, 10 mL of blood from the jugular vein was collected using vacuum syringes for assessing ALT, AST, GGT, and FA levels. Statistical analyses were performed with contrasted variation analysis using the Tukey method and paired t-test for comparison of time points. The level of significance was determined to be 5%. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) among drug administration routes, and among the levels of AST and AF enzymes after the first administration of phenobarbital via the nasal and intramuscular routes. Based on the results, it was concluded that hepatic alterations secondary to the use of phenobarbital for 15 days may occur with a low incidence. The phenobarbital serum concentration in dogs varied when administered via nasal, rectal, and intramuscular routes, but was stable when administered orally.Discussion: The current results are consistent with those of previous studies, indicating that the chronic use of phenobarbital causes an increase in the serum levels of ALT and FA enzymes. It was found that phenobarbital serum levels varied greatly, particularly following nasal, rectal, and intramuscular administration. In the present study, serum phenobarbital levels were within the normal range when administered via the intramuscular, nasal, rectal, and oral routes. This result is inconsistent with that of previous studies where the serum levels were below the normal range following oral administration of phenobarbital. The serum concentration, rather than clinical criteria, should be used as a guide for treatment modification, as the distribution of this drug varies greatly among animals

INGESTÃO PROLONGADA DE CHÁ BRANCO NOS PARÂMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS DE RATAS WISTAR

O chá branco é uma bebida saudável, porém este chá pode interferir em vários fatores de crescimento envolvidos no metabolismo. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do consumo prolongado de chá branco nos parâmetros hematológicos de ratas Wistar. Foram utilizados dois grupos de ratas: controle (n=30) que recebeu água e o grupo que recebeu apenas chá branco para beber (n=30). O experimento teve duração de 3 meses, ao final de cada mês, 10 ratas de cada grupo eram eutanasiadas e o sangue dos animais colhido para hemograma e bioquímica sérica. A análise estatística foi a ANOVA seguida do teste de Tukey e Teste T, foram consideradas diferenças estatísticas quando