Late Neolithic Tisza sites in the Serbian part of Banat

The paper reviews the current state of research and our knowledge of the Late Neolithic Tisza tradition sites in the Serbian Banat. The first sites were discovered almost one and a half centuries ago, while the first archaeological excavations were undertaken in the late 19th century. The overview of the known sites in the first part of the study is followed by data on fresh research that was resumed in the first decade of the 21st century. | A tanulmány a szerbiai Bánát területén fekvő késő neolitikus Tisza-kultúra lelőhelyeit tekinti át. Az első lelőhelyeket közel 100 éve fedezték fel, az első régészeti feltárásokat a 19. század végén végezték. Az ismert lelőhelyek áttekintését az újabb, 21. század első évtizedében folytatott kutatások adatai követik

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM OF PREVENTIVE EXAMINATIONS AT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN THE CITY OF ZAGREB 2009-2013

Background: The program covered all persons who had not been in contact with a physician for two years or had failed to notice symptoms themselves or to timely respond to the symptoms observed. The aim of the present study was to analyze the results of the program and try to draw conclusions regarding the necessity further implementation. Subjects and methods: This paper analyzes data on a cohort of 1375 subjects aged 45+, collected on preventive examinations by family physicians during the 2009-2013 period. Results: Results show 24.4% smokers and 15.5% former smokers. Up to three alcoholic drinks per week consumed 18.5% respondents (27.8% male and 11.2% female). Overweight (body mass index 25-30) was recorded in 50.6% and 38.6%, obesity (body mass index >30) in 30.1% and 29.4%, hypertension in 14.6% and 11.8%, isolated systolic hypertension in 20.5% and 17.4%, and isolated diastolic hypertension in 3.3% and 3.0% of male and female subjects, respectively. Suspicion of one or more newly diagnosed disease was recorded in 52.9% (95% CI 50.2-55.5) of study subjects. Fifty-four subjects (7.4%; 95% CI 5.5-9.3) were suspected to have neoplasm and they were immediately referred for further diagnostic evaluation. Conclusions: Timely manner suspicion of malignant disease is of crucial influence on the course of treatment and outcome of the disease. The study results confirm the importance of continuing the implementation of prevention programs

Mirovinski sustav RH s posebnim osvrtom na isplatu mirovina iz II. stupa

Primarna namjera ovog završnog rada bila je čitatelju prikazati sustav funkcioniranja II. stupa mirovinskog osiguranja u Republici Hrvatskoj s posebnim naglaskom na sam izračun mirovina iz II. stupa. Kako podaci Državnog zavoda za statistiku ukazuju na neugodnu istinu odnosno kako demografska slika Hrvatske ukazuje na starenje nacije, razvidno je da će budući umirovljenici sve teže podmirivati osnovne životne troškove budući da koeficijent ovisnosti već dulje vrijeme ima tendenciju pada što se odražava putem smanjivanja mirovina. I s tim ciljem uveden je II. mirovinski stup kako bi se uplaćeni novac osiguranika kapitalizirao odnosno kako bi se individualna štednja osiguranika oplemenila tokom njihovog radnog vijeka. Nakon zasluženog odlaska u mirovinu osiguranik bi očekivao da dolaze mirniji dani u vidu doživotnog zasluženog odmora. Međutim i taj odmor potrebno je financirati. Provedenom analizom vrijednosti mirovina iz II. stupa usudio bih se ustvrditi da „zasluženi odmor“ umirovljenika koji primaju ili će tek primati mirovinu iz II. stupa neće proći bezbrižno. U prosjeku osoba koja je primala tokom radnog vijeka bruto plaću od 10.000 kn može očekivati Pojedinačnu doživotnu starosnu mirovinu u nekom realnom rasponu od 1.200 do 1.900 kn što ne predstavlja neki veliki novac uzevši u obzir realne životne troškove koje svaki mjesec treba podmirivati. Parametri koji imaju utjecaj na konačni iznos mirovine nakon što osoba stekne zakonom predviđene uvjete za odlazak u mirovinu su stopa usklađenja mirovina, kamatna stopa te omjer muškaraca i žena u ukupnoj populaciji osiguranika. Naglasak u radu bio je dati sliku kako promjena svakog od njih, uz uvjet da su druga dva nepromijenjena, utječe na konačni iznos mirovine koju prima osiguranik. Generalno rastom stope usklađenja konačna mirovina je niža, dok se porast u vidu kamatnih stopa reflektira u vidu povećanja samih mirovina. Popis stanovništva za 2011. zorno nam prikazuje kako se udio žena u populaciji povećava kako stanovništvo ulazi u poznije godine. Stoga zbog duljeg životnog vijeka žena, parametar odnosa muškaraca i žena u portfelju osiguranika ima značajnu ulogu pri izračunu konačnog iznosa mirovine. Odnosno, budući da mirovinska osiguravajuća društva primjenjuju unisex rentne tablice smrtnosti veći udio žena u portfelju osiguranika rezultira smanjenjem dok povećanje udjela muškaraca u portfelju osiguranika rezultira povećanjem iznosa konačne mirovine.The primary purpose of this Master thesis was to provide the reader information about Pillar II. - pension insurance industry in the Republic of Croatia. Special emphasis was placed on the calculation of pension retirements from Pillar II. As the data of the Central Bureau of Statistics are pointing to the unpleasant truth that the demographic picture of Croatia points to the aging of nation, it is obvious that future retirees will find it harder to settle their basic living costs. Dependence coefficient, which takes in relation number of employees and the number of retirees, for a long time had a tendency to decline which at the end is reflected in a way of lowering of pensions. With that purpose Pillar II. was introduced in order to capitalize private savings in Pillar II. during their working life so they have some savings for their pensioners' days. After a well-deserved retirement, the insured would expect more peaceful days to come in the form of a “lifetime deserved holiday”. However, this vacation must be funded as well. Based on the analysis of the pension value from Pillar II. I would dare to argue that a “deserved vacation” for pensioners who receive or will receive pension from Pillar II. will not be so well. Normally the person who was earning a 10.000 kn gross salary during their life time can expect a Individual Lifetime Pension in a real range of 1.200 to 1.900 kn which does not represent some big money considering the real life costs that must be settled each month. Parameters that have an impact on the final amount of pension are the pension’s adjustment rate, the interest rate and the man/ladies ratio in the total population of insured people. The emphasis in this Master thesis was to illustrate how the change of each of them affect’s on the final amount of received pension. Overall if pension’s adjustment rate is rising final pension is lower, while the interest rate is rising the final pension is rising to. Population Census 2011 shows us how the proportion of ladies in the total population is increasing as the population goes into older years. Therefore, due to the longer life cycle of ladies, ladies/man ratio plays a significant role in pension calculation. Respectively, since pension insurers apply unisex mortality tables, a higher proportion of ladies in the insured portfolio results with reduction, while lower proportion of ladies in the insured portfolio results with increasing of final pension

Early reading and writing development of young learners

U ovome radu pregledno ćemo prikazati razvoj vještina početnoga čitanja i pisanja te razvoj komunikacijskih vještina kod djece predškolske dobi. Rad govori o usvajanju jezika i govora kao najvažnijega preduvjeta za razvoj predčitačkih vještina te na koji način možemo poticati njihov razvoj. Nadalje, pojasnit ćemo važnost kvalitetnoga razvoja komunikacijskih vještina kroz cjeloviti pristup akcijskog istraživanja i suradnje s djecom, ali i usmjeriti na važnost poticajnog prostornoga okruženja i metodičkih postupaka odgojitelja. U radu s djecom važno je stvarati kvalitetno i poticajno okruženje za igru i učenje u dječjem vrtiću te je poticajna okolina važan preduvjet za razvoj svih djetetovih vještina, kao i vještina početnoga čitanja i pisanja.In this paper, we will outline the development of initial reading and writing skills and the development of communication skills in preschool children. The paper discusses the acquisition of language and speech as the most important precondition for the development of pre-reading skills and how we can encourage their development. Furthermore, we will clarify the importance of quality development of communication skills through a holistic approach of action research and collaboration with children, but also focus on the importance of a stimulating spatial environment and methodical procedures of educators. When working with children, it is important to create a quality and stimulating environment for play and learning in kindergarten, and a stimulating environment is an important prerequisite for the development of all children's skills, as well as initial reading and writing skills

The development of language skills in preschool-aged children

Za dijete je važno da do polaska u školu usvoji sve jezične djelatnosti: slušanje, govor, čitanje i pisanje. Jezične djelastnosti lakše se savladavaju kroz igru i slobodno izražavanje verbalnom i neverbalnom komunikacijom. Kroz igru dijete ulazi u interakciju s odraslima koji mu pružaju sigurnost, toplinu, prihvaćenost i ljubav. Djeca predškolske dobi imaju različitu dužinu koncentracije slušanja koja ovisi o dobi djeteta i o zanimljivosti sadržaja. Slušanje je sposobnost koja se može razvijati. Da bi djeca razumjela sugovornika trebaju poznavati materinji jezik. Bitno je uspostaviti i ostvariti jezičnu komunikaciju. Prvi djetetov izričaj šaranja je način pisanja i razvoja fine motorike šake. Kroz igru treba ciljano razvijati pisanje i čitanje. Cilj je da dijete što jednostavnije kroz zabavu i igru savlada sve jezične djelatnosti, bez prisile. Odrasli trebaju osigurati djetetu uživanje u igri, kretanju, izgovaranju riječi, sporazumijevanju, slušanju i komunikaciji kroz osmišljene aktivnosti koje će pobuditi sva dječja osjetila i razvijati maštu. Provela sam projekt sa ciljem da pobudim kod djece ljubav prema slikovnici, za slušanjem i razgovaranjem o pročitanim slikovnicama. Rezultati moga projekta pokazuju da je svakodnevnim čitanjem slikovnica moguće potaknuti kod djece sve jezične djelatnosti.It is important for a child to adopt all language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing before going to school. Language skills are easily controlled through the game and the free expression of verbal and non-verbal communication. Throughout the game the child interacts with adults who provide him with security, warmth, acceptance and love. Preschool children have different length listening concentration which depends on the age of the child and the content. Listening is an ability that can be developed. In order for children to understand the other person they should be familiar with native language. It is important to establish and achieve linguistic communication. The first child's expression by scribbling is the way of writing and the development of fine hand movements. Developing of writing and reading should be done by playing games. The goal is that the child, simply by having fun and playing, overcomes all linguistic activity, without coercion. Adults should ensure that children enjoy the game, movement, pronunciation of words, understanding, listening and communicating through meaningful activities that will arouse all the senses and develop children's imagination. The aim of my project was to arouse in children a love for picture books, for listening and talking about picture books. Results of my project show that daily reading of picture books can improve children’s language skills