Technical Efficiency and Productivity Analysis in Indonesian Provincial Economies

By using the stochastic frontier methodology, this study investigates the technical efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in Indonesian provincial economies during the period from 1993 to 2000. In addition to the estimation of provincial technical efficiency, factors that contribute to technical inefficiency are also examined and the TFP growth is decomposed into technological progress, the scale component and the change in technical efficiency. The results reveal that average technical efficiency is only around 50%. Our results reveal that the mean years of schooling and sectoral differences affected technical efficiency. The TFP grew, on average, in the range from 1.65% to 5.43% with an average growth of 3.59%. In twenty out of twenty six provinces the TFP growth was driven by efficiency changes while in four provinces the TFP growth was driven by technological progress. Further, we note that the Asian crisis affected the TFP growth and the western provinces suffered from the crisis more than the eastern provinces

Cost efficiency, Economies of Scale, Technological Progress and Productivity in Indonesian Banks

This study estimates cost efficiency, scale economies, technological progress and productivity growth for Indonesian banks over the period 1993-2000. Overall the cost efficiency of all banks during this period was 69.82%. However, on average the efficiency of banks prior to the Asian crisis and after the Asian crisis were 79.67% and 53.40% respectively. Moreover, the results also indicate that private-owned banks and joint venture/foreign banks were more efficient than public-owned banks. Furthermore, as expected large banks tend to be more efficient as compared to smaller banks. Total factor productivity growth for Indonesian banks over the period 1993-2000 was -3.14%. However, before the Asian crisis, Indonesian banks productivity decreased by 1.48%, while after the crisis it decreased by 6.45%

Efficiency and Productivity Analyses of Indonesian Manufacturing Industries

This study estimates the technical efficiencies and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in food, textile, chemical and metal products industries during 1993 to 2000 in Indonesia by using the stochastic frontier model. Furthermore, the determinants of inefficiency are also analyzed and the TFP growth is decomposed into technological progress, scale component, and efficiency growth. The results reveal that the food, textile, chemical and metal products sectors are on average 50.79%, 47.89%, 68.65% and 68.91% technically efficient respectively. It is noted that ownership contributed to technical inefficiency in the food sector; location and size contributed to technical inefficiency in the textile sector, whereas size, ownership and age contributed to inefficiencies in the chemical and metal products sectors. The estimates of TFP growth indicate that productivity in Indonesian manufacturing industries decreased at the rate of 2.73%, 0.26%, 1.65% and 0.5% in food, textile, and metal products respectively, whereas in the chemical sector, it increased at a rate of 0.5% during the period of the study. The decomposition of TFP growth indicates that the growths are driven positively by technical efficiency changes and negatively by technological progress in all four sectors

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG GIZI IBU HAMIL DENGAN TAKSIRAN BERAT JANIN TRIMESTER III DI PUSKESMAS GALUR II, KULON PROGO TAHUN 2019

Latar Belakang : Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi baru lahir dengan berat badan saat lahir kurang dari 2.500 gram. BBLR sangat rentan terhadap hipotermia, infeksi, dan risiko kematian yang tinggi. Deteksi dini BBLR dapat dilakukan sejak usia kehamilan 24 minggu dengan cara menentukan Taksiran Berat Janin (TBJ). Status gizi selama kehamilan adalah salah satu faktor penting dalam menentukan pertumbuhan janin. Status gizi ibu hamil akan berdampak pada berat badan lahir. Faktor yang mempengaruhi gizi ibu hamil salah satunya adalah pengetahuan ibu hamil dan keluarga tentang zat gizi dalam makanan. Tujuan : Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang gizi ibu hamil dengan taksiran berat badan janin trimester III di Puskesmas Galur II, Kulon Progo tahun 2019. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional Study. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 45 ibu hamil trimester III. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square. Hasil Penelitian : hasil penelitian menunjukkan 62,2% responden berpendidikan SMA/SMK, 100% ibu hamil sedang mengandung bayi tunggal, 51% ibu hamil tidak merokok/tidak terpapar asap rokok, 91,1% ibu hamil berpengetahuan baik, dan 80% TBJ sesuai dengan masa kehamilan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai p value 0,028, dengan keeratan hubungan sedang (0,547). Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang gizi ibu hamil dengan taksiran berat janin trimester III di Puskesmas Galur II, Kulon Progo tahun 2019

The effect of sr-cofe2o4 nanoparticles with different particles sized as additives in cip-based magnetorheological fluid

This study investigated the effect of adding strontium (Sr)-doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in carbonyl iron particle (CIP)-based magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were fabricated at different particle sizes using co-precipitation at calcination temperatures of 300 and 400◦C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which were found to be spherical. The average grain sizes were 71–91 nm and 118–157 nm for nanoparticles that had been calcinated at 300 and 400◦C, respectively. As such, higher calcination temperatures were found to produce larger-sized Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. To investigate the rheological effects that Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have on CIP-based MRF, three MRF samples were prepared: (1) CIP-based MRF without nanoparticle additives (CIP-based MRF), (2) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 300◦C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T300), and (3) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 400◦C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T400). The rheological properties of these MRF samples were then observed at room temperature using a rheometer with a parallel plate at a gap of 1 mm. Dispersion stability tests were also performed to determine the sedimentation ratio of the three CIP-based MRF samples

Malaria prevalence in Nias District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: The Nias district of the North Sumatra Province of Indonesia has long been known to be endemic for malaria. Following the economic crisis at the end of 1998 and the subsequent tsunami and earthquake, in December 2004 and March 2005, respectively, the malaria control programme in the area deteriorated. The present study aims to provide baseline data for the establishment of a suitable malaria control programme in the area and to analyse the frequency distribution of drug resistance alleles associated with resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.\ud METHODS: Malariometric and entomology surveys were performed in three subdistricts. Thin and thick blood smears were stained with Giemsa and examined under binocular light microscopy. Blood blots on filter paper were also prepared for isolation of parasite and host DNA to be used for molecular analysis of band 3 (SAO), pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhfr, and dhps. In addition, haemoglobin measurement was performed in the second and third surveys for the subjects less than 10 years old.\ud RESULTS: Results of the three surveys revealed an average slide positivity rate of 8.13%, with a relatively higher rate in certain foci. Host genetic analysis, to identify the Band 3 deletion associated with Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO), revealed an overall frequency of 1.0% among the 1,484 samples examined. One hundred six Plasmodium falciparum isolates from three sub-districts were successfully analysed. Alleles of the dhfr and dhps genes associated with resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, dhfr C59R and S108N, and dhps A437G and K540E, were present at frequencies of 52.2%, 82.5%, 1.18% and 1.18%, respectively. The pfmdr1 alleles N86Y and N1042D, putatively associated with mefloquine resistance, were present at 31.4% and 2%, respectively. All but one sample carried the pfcrt 76T allele associated with chloroquine resistance. Entomologic surveys identified three potential anopheline vectors in the area, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles kochi and Anopheles sundaicus.\ud CONCLUSION: The cross sectional surveys in three different sub-districts of Nias District clearly demonstrated the presence of relatively stable endemic foci of malaria in Nias District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Molecular analysis of the malaria parasite isolates collected from this area strongly indicates resistance to chloroquine and a growing threat of resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine. This situation highlights the need to develop sustainable malaria control measures through regular surveillance and proper antimalarial drug deployment

Future climate effects on suitability for growth of oil palms in Malaysia and Indonesia

The production of palm oil (PO) is highly profitable. The economies of the principal producers, Malaysia and Indonesia, and others, benefit considerably. Climate change (CC) will most likely have an impact on the distribution of oil palms (OP) (Elaeis guineensis). Here we present modelled CC projections with respect to the suitability of growing OP, in Malaysia and Indonesia. A process-oriented niche model of OP was developed using CLIMEX to estimate its potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. Two Global Climate Models (GCMs), CSIRO-Mk3.0 and MIROC-H, were used to explore the impacts of CC under the A1B and A2 scenarios for 2030, 2070 and 2100. Decreases in climatic suitability for OP in the region were gradual by 2030 but became more pronounced by 2100. These projections imply that OP growth will be affected severely by CC, with obvious implications to the economies of (a) Indonesia and Malaysia and (b) the PO industry, but with potential benefits towards reducing CC. A possible remedial action is to concentrate research on development of new varieties of OP that are less vulnerable to CC.The Portuguese-based authors thank the FCT Strategic Project of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, the project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462) and the Project "BioEnv - Biotechnology and Bioengineering for a sustainable world", REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000048, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER

Efficiency and productivity change across the economic sectors in Lithuania (2000–2010): the DEA–MULTIMOORA approach

Reasonable strategic management requires the complex assessment of the regulated area. This study, thus, presents a multi-criteria framework for frontier assessment of efficiency and productivity across the Lithuanian economic sectors throughout 2000–2010. The data envelopment analysis was employed to estimate efficiency in terms of an output indicator (value added) and input indicators (intermediate consumption, capital consumption, and remunerations). Furthermore, the decomposition of the Malmquist productivity index enabled to describe the impact of frontier shifts and catch-up effect on the overall change in efficiency. The multi-criteria decision making method MULTIMOORA aggregated different indicators of efficiency and productivity and thus resulted in the ranking of the economic sectors. The analysis suggests that services sector was the most efficient one, whereas manufacturing was second best. Certain branches of manufacturing, namely pharmaceutical, wood, food, and furniture industry, were rather efficient

Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel

Special thanks to our field assistants in Indonesia (Basri, Bayu and Darwis) and to Frank Tiedemann, Edgar Tunsch, Dietmar Fellert and Malte Puhan for technical assistance. We thank PTPN VI and the owner of the plantation at Pompa Air for allowing us to conduct our research at their plantation. We would also like to thank the Spanish national project GEISpain (CGL2014-52838-C2-1-R) and the DAAD (scholarship from the programme ‘Research Stays for University Academics and Scientist 2018, ref. no. 91687130)' for partly financing A. Meijide during the preparation of this paper.The potential of palm-oil biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with fossil fuels is increasingly questioned. So far, no measurement-based GHG budgets were available, and plantation age was ignored in Life Cycle Analyses (LCA). Here, we conduct LCA based on measured CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in young and mature Indonesian oil palm plantations. CO2 dominates the on-site GHG budgets. The young plantation is a carbon source (1012 ± 51 gC m−2 yr−1), the mature plantation a sink (−754 ± 38 gC m−2 yr−1). LCA considering the measured fluxes shows higher GHG emissions for palm-oil biodiesel than traditional LCA assuming carbon neutrality. Plantation rotation-cycle extension and earlier-yielding varieties potentially decrease GHG emissions. Due to the high emissions associated with forest conversion to oil palm, our results indicate that only biodiesel from second rotation-cycle plantations or plantations established on degraded land has the potential for pronounced GHG emission savings.This study was financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)— Project-ID 192626868—in the framework of the collaborative German-Indonesian research project CRC990 (subprojects A03, A04 and A05).Spanish national project GEISpain (CGL2014-52838-C2-1-R) and the DAAD (scholarship from the programme ‘Research Stays for University Academics and Scientist 2018, ref. no. 91687130