184 research outputs found
The light speed vs the observer: the Kennedy-Thorndike test from GRAAL-ESRF
High precision tests of the light speed constancy for all observers as of
empirical basis of the Special Relativity have continuously been among the
goals of advanced experimental studies. Based on the Compton Edge method
proposed by us [1], a constraint on the one-way light speed isotropy and the
Lorentz invariance violation has been obtained at the dedicated GRAAL
experiment at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble) [2-5].
Using the GRAAL's data we now get a new constraint on one of key tests of
Special Relativity - the Kennedy-Thorndike experiment [6] - in probing the
light speed invariance with respect to the velocity of the observer
(apparatus). Our analysis takes advantage of GRAAL's setup where two separate
energy scales are involved: first, via the position of the Compton Edge
determining the light speed in the reference frame of incident 6 GeV electrons
within the tagging system, second, in the calorimeter via the 1.27 MeV photons
of the ^22 Na source. The two energy scales are engaged to each other through
production of mesons by tagged laser Compton backscattered
-rays. Accuracy of the calibration and stability of energies reached in
each section enable us to obtain the limit 7 10^-12 for the Kennedy-Thorndike
test, which improves the currently existing limits by three orders of
magnitude.Comment: To appear in Eur Phys J C; 6 pages, 3 figure
Sub-10 ps time tagging of electromagnetic showers with scintillating glasses and SiPMs
The high energy physics community has recently identified an Higgs
factory as one of the next-generation collider experiments, following the
completion of the High Luminosity LHC program at CERN.The moderate radiation
levels expected at such colliders compared to hadron colliders, enable the use
of less radiation tolerant but cheaper technologies for the construction of the
particle detectors. This opportunity has triggered a renewed interest in the
development of scintillating glasses for the instrumentation of large detector
volumes such as homogeneous calorimeters. While the performance of such
scintillators remains typically inferior in terms of light yield and radiation
tolerance compared to that of many scintillating crystals, substantial progress
has been made over the recent years. In this paper we discuss the time
resolution of cerium-doped Alkali Free Fluorophosphate scintillating glasses,
read-out with silicon photo-multipliers in detecting single charged tracks and
at different positions along the longitudinal development of an electromagnetic
shower, using respectively 150~GeV pions and 100~GeV electron beams at the CERN
SPS H2 beam line. A single sensor time resolution of 14.4~ps and 5-7~ps was
measured respectively in the two cases. With such a performance the present
technology has the potential to address an emerging requirement of future
detectors at collider experiments: measuring the time-of-flight of single
charged particles as well as that of neutral particles showering inside the
calorimeter and the time development of showers
Towards dialogue: audio feedback on politics essays
This paper evaluates the use of audio feedback on assignments through the case study of a politics course, highlighting a number of pedagogical benefits. In particular, and using student testimonies, it argues that audio feedback provides a more personal feel to feedback; criticism, it appears, is easier to accept in the spoken word – as one student suggests, you know the marker is ‘not being harsh’ and is ‘just trying to help you really’. In addition, the paper notes the chief practical benefit of audio feedback: it reduces the overall time spent by lecturers in providing comments. While this paper is positive in favour of audio feedback throughout, it also discusses some potential challenges including anonymous marking – which affects the relationship between marker and student – and the fact that one size does not fit all, with different students preferring different types of feedback. The paper also attempts to provide practical tips to professionals wishing to use this method of feedback
Mass dependence of spectral and angular distributions of Cherenkov radiation from relativistic isotopes in solid radiators and its possible application as mass selector
The first proof of principle experiment with a prototype of a Time-of-Flight (TOF) - Cherenkov detector of relativistic heavy ions (RHI) exploiting a liquid Iodine Naphthalene radiator has been performed at Cave C at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany). A conceptual design for a liquid Cherenkov detector was proposed as a prototype for the future TOF measurements at the SuperFRS by detection of total number of Cherenkov photons. The ionization energy loss of RHI in a liquid radiator decreases only slightly this number, while in a solid radiator changes sufficiently not the total number of ChR photons, but ChR angular and spectral distributions. By means of computer simulations, we showed that these distributions are very sensitive to the isotope mass, due to different stopping powers of isotopes with initial equal relativistic factors. The results of simulations for light (Li, Be) and heavy (Xe) isotopes at 500-1000 MeV/u are presented indicating the possibility to use the isotopic effect in ChR of RHI as the mass selector
Hard X-ray laue monochromator
Experimental studies of X-ray diffraction from reflecting atomic planes (1011) of X-cut quartz single crystal in Laue geometry influenced by the temperature gradient were carried out. It is shown that by using the temperature gradient it is possible to reflect a hard Xray beam with photon energy near the 100 keV with high efficiency. It has been experimentally proved that the intensity of the reflected beam can be increased by more than order depending on the value of the temperature gradient
Genomic Steppe ancestry in skeletons from the Neolithic Single Grave Culture in Denmark
The Gjerrild burial provides the largest and best-preserved assemblage of human skeletal material presently known from the Single Grave Culture (SGC) in Denmark. For generations it has been debated among archaeologists if the appearance of this archaeological complex represents a continuation of the previous Neolithic communities, or was facilitated by incoming migrants. We sampled and analysed five skeletons from the Gjerrild cist, buried over a period of c. 300 years, 2600/2500-2200 cal BCE. Despite poor DNA preservation, we managed to sequence the genome (>1X) of one individual and the partial genomes (0.007X and 0.02X) of another two individuals. Our genetic data document a female (Gjerrild 1) and two males (Gjerrild 5 + 8), harbouring typical Neolithic K2a and HV0 mtDNA haplogroups, but also a rare basal variant of the R1b1 Y-chromosomal haplogroup. Genome-wide analyses demonstrate that these people had a significant Yamnaya-derived (i.e. steppe) ancestry component and a close genetic resemblance to the Corded Ware (and related) groups that were present in large parts of Northern and Central Europe at the time. Assuming that the Gjerrild skeletons are genetically representative of the population of the SGC in broader terms, the transition from the local Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) to SGC is not characterized by demographic continuity. Rather, the emergence of SGC in Denmark was part of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population expansion that swept across the European continent in the 3rd millennium BCE, resulting in various degrees of genetic replacement and admixture processes with previous Neolithic populations
Observation of Lambda H-4 hyperhydrogen by decay-pion spectroscopy in electron scattering
At the Mainz Microtron MAMI, the first high-resolution pion spectroscopy from
decays of strange systems was performed by electron scattering off a Be-9
target in order to study the ground-state masses of Lambda-hypernuclei.
Positively charged kaons were detected by a short-orbit spectrometer with a
broad momentum acceptance at zero degree forward angles with respect to the
beam, efficiently tagging the production of strangeness in the target nucleus.
In coincidence, negatively charged decay-pions were detected by two independent
high-resolution spectrometers. About 10^3 pionic weak decays of hyperfragments
and hyperons were observed. The pion momentum distribution shows a
monochromatic peak at p_pi ~ 133 MeV/c, corresponding to the unique signature
for the two-body decay of hyperhydrogen Lambda H-4 -> He-4 + pi-, stopped
inside the target. Its binding energy was determined to be B_Lambda = 2.12 +-
0.01 (stat.) +- 0.09 (syst.) MeV with respect to the H-3 + Lambda mass
Genomic Steppe ancestry in skeletons from the Neolithic Single Grave Culture in Denmark.
The Gjerrild burial provides the largest and best-preserved assemblage of human skeletal material presently known from the Single Grave Culture (SGC) in Denmark. For generations it has been debated among archaeologists if the appearance of this archaeological complex represents a continuation of the previous Neolithic communities, or was facilitated by incoming migrants. We sampled and analysed five skeletons from the Gjerrild cist, buried over a period of c. 300 years, 2600/2500-2200 cal BCE. Despite poor DNA preservation, we managed to sequence the genome (>1X) of one individual and the partial genomes (0.007X and 0.02X) of another two individuals. Our genetic data document a female (Gjerrild 1) and two males (Gjerrild 5 + 8), harbouring typical Neolithic K2a and HV0 mtDNA haplogroups, but also a rare basal variant of the R1b1 Y-chromosomal haplogroup. Genome-wide analyses demonstrate that these people had a significant Yamnaya-derived (i.e. steppe) ancestry component and a close genetic resemblance to the Corded Ware (and related) groups that were present in large parts of Northern and Central Europe at the time. Assuming that the Gjerrild skeletons are genetically representative of the population of the SGC in broader terms, the transition from the local Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) to SGC is not characterized by demographic continuity. Rather, the emergence of SGC in Denmark was part of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population expansion that swept across the European continent in the 3rd millennium BCE, resulting in various degrees of genetic replacement and admixture processes with previous Neolithic populations
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