Historical Missionary Activity, Schooling, and the Reversal of Fortunes: Evidence from Nigeria

This paper shows that historical missionary activity has had a persistent effect on schooling outcomes, and contributed to a reversal of fortunes wherein historically richer ethnic groups are poorer today. Combining contemporary individual-level data with a newly constructed dataset on mission stations in Nigeria, we find that individuals whose ancestors were exposed to greater missionary activity have higher levels of schooling. This effect is robust to omitted heterogeneity, ethnicity fixed effects, and reverse causation. We find inter-generational factors and the persistence of early advantages in educational infrastructure to be key channels through which the effect has persisted. Consistent with theory, the effect of missions on current schooling is larger for population subgroups that have historically suffered disadvantages in access to education

Training Parents of Hard Core Delinquents as Behaviour Managers of their Children

This study measured the effectiveness of a behaviour modification training program with parents of hard core delinquents. Ten parents of hard core delinquents were assigned to an experimental group andten to a control group. Both groups completed the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist before and after the study. The comparison between the pre-and post-testing showed statistically significant differences for the experimental group. Parents of the experimental group were assisted with designing and carrying out behaviour management projects with their deviant children. Twenty-eight projects were completed. A parenting fee was paid to participants with a bonus for improved parenting.Cette étude a examiné chez les parents de délinquants endurcis l'efficacité d'unprogramme d'entrainement visant la modification du comportement. On a réparti dix parents de jeunes délinquants à un groupe contrôle, dix autres à un groupe expérimental. Chaque groupe a rempli leWalker Problem Behavior Identification Checklistavant et après l'étude. La comparaison des résultats obtenus avant et après l'étude chez le groupe expérimental révèle des différences significatives. On avait aidé les parents du groupe expérimental à formuler et à employer des stratégies de contrôle de comportement avec leurs enfants délinquants. On élabora vingt-huit stratégies au cours de l'étude. Tous les parents reçurent un honoraire de même qu'un boni pour être devenus de meilleurs parents