Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to?

The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management (SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly account for direct biodiversity indicators. We focused on forest multi-taxon biodiversity to: i) gather and map the existing information; ii) identify knowledge and research gaps; iii) discuss its research potential. We established a research network to fit data on species, standing trees, lying deadwood and sampling unit description from 34 local datasets across 3591 sampling units. A total of 8724 species were represented, with the share of common and rare species varying across taxonomic classes: some included many species with several rare ones (e.g., Insecta); others (e.g., Bryopsida) were represented by few common species. Tree-related structural attributes were sampled in a subset of sampling units (2889; 2356; 2309 and 1388 respectively for diameter, height, deadwood and microhabitats). Overall, multi-taxon studies are biased towards mature forests and may underrepresent the species related to other developmental phases. European forest compositional categories were all represented, but beech forests were over-represented as compared to thermophilous and boreal forests. Most sampling units (94%) were referred to a habitat type of conservation concern. Existing information may support European conservation and SFM strategies in: (i) methodological harmonization and coordinated monitoring; (ii) definition and testing of SFM indicators and thresholds; (iii) data-driven assessment of the effects of environmental and management drivers on multi-taxon forest biological and functional diversity, (iv) multi-scale forest monitoring integrating in-situ and remotely sensed information

Utilisation de techniques d'intelligence artificielle pour la détection d'animaux en milieu forestier

International audienceUn logiciel de vision artificielle qui comprend des opérations de traitement d'images et des méthodes d'intelligence artificielle (deux réseaux de neurones intégrés développés avec les outils Tensorflow et Caffe), a été développé pour détecter et identifier des espèces animales en milieu forestier sur des vidéos enregistrées, en prenant en compte des fortes contraintes au niveau de l'environnement, telles que les conditions d'éclairage très variables dans le sous-bois, les variations de colorimétrie et de morphologie des animaux, qui peuvent être partiellement cachés par des objets naturels (arbres, herbes) et des conditions météorologiques variables (pluie, neige, vent)

Direct and indirect effects on households' intentions to replace the old car

With the purpose of testing the hypothesis that households’ intentions to replace their old car have a direct negative relationship to its perceived quality (‘current level’) and a direct positive relationship to their aspirations for a new car (‘aspiration level’), a rotating panel of car owners were interviewed every fourth month during 2 years. In this data set the hypothesis received support. In addition the results showed that the age of the car, the total number of miles driven, and the number of anticipated repairs affected the current level, whereas marital status, the number of children, consumer confidence, and environmental concern affected the aspiration level

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM KARTU INDONESIA PINTAR (KIP) DI UPTD SDN BUDAYASARI DESA CIKAUM TIMUR KECAMATAN CIKAUM KABUPATEN SUBANG

Abstrak Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) adalah bantuan berupa uang tunai, perluasan akses, dan kesempatan belajar dari pemerintah yang diberikan kepada peserta didik yang berasal dari keluarga miskin untuk membantu biaya personal pendidikan peserta didik. Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) adalah bentuk kartu identitas dari bantuan Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP). SDN Budayasari Desa Cikaum Timur Kecamatan Cikaum Kabupaten Subang merupakan salah satu sekolah dasar penerima bantuan program Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) di Kabupaten Subang. Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan kualitas pendidikan serta mengurangi kesenjangan sosial dalam hal akses pendidikan bagi siswa-siswa dari keluarga kurang mampu, khususnya di SDN Budayasari. Di dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Kebijakan Program Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) di SDN Budayasari Desa Cikaum Timur Kabupaten Subang dalam mencapai tujuan sesuai dengan visi dan misi. Untuk menganalisis Implementasi Kebijakan Program Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) di  SDN Budayasari Desa Cikaum Timur Kabupaten Subang, peneliti memilih teori Marilee S. Grindle yang meliputi Isi Kebijakan dan juga Konteks Kebijakan. Yang mana apabila dalam implementasinya merujuk pada teori ini, maka  program Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) di SDN Budayasari berhasil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah belum optimalnya implementasi kebijakan program Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) di SDN Budayasari. Karena dalam temuan di lapangan masih dijumpai beberapa permasalahan-permasalahan seputar implementasi. Dengan kata lain adanya kesenjangan atau ketidaksesuaian dengan peraturan yang ada. Seperti penerima bantuan yang tidak tepat sasaran serta kurang tegasnya para petugas terkait pelaksanaan program Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP). Kata kunci: Implementasi Kebijakan, Pendidikan, Sekolah Dasar   Abstract The Smart Indonesia Program is assistance in the form of cash, expanded access and learning opportunities from the government given to students from poor families to help with the students' personal educational costs.  Smart Indonesia Card is a form of identity card provided by the Smart Indonesia Program. Budayasari state elementary school, East Cikaum Village, Cikaum District, Subang Regency is one of the elementary schools receiving assistance from the Smart Indonesia Card program in Subang Regency.  This Smart Indonesia Card is expected to be able to improve the accessibility and quality of education as well as reduce social disparities in terms of access to education for students from underprivileged families, especially at Budayasari state elementary school. This research aims to find out how the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Card Program Policy at Budayasari state elementary school, East Cikaum Village, Subang Regency achieves goals in accordance with the vision and mission. To analyze the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Card Program Policy at Budayasari state elementary school, East Cikaum Village, Subang Regency, researchers chose Marilee S. Grindle's theory which includes Policy Content and Policy Context.  If the implementation refers to this theory, the Smart Indonesia Card program at Budayasari state elementary school will be successful. Based on the research results, the main problem in this research is that the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Card program policy at Budayasari state elementary school has not been optimal.  Because in the findings in the field there are still several problems regarding implementation.  In other words, there are gaps or inconsistencies with existing regulations.  Such as aid recipients who were not on target and officers being less assertive regarding the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Card program. Keywords: Policy Implementation, Education, Elementary School          &nbsp

Interaction effects of mood induction and nominal representation of price on consumer choice

The transition to the euro in several European countries causes consumers to make mistakes in economic transactions. One mistake referred to as the euro il-lusion is the tendency to evaluate prices on the basis of their nominal represen-tation, thus overestimating or underestimating how expensive products are. In-vestigating effects of the euro illusion on consumer choice as well as moderating effects of mood, three laboratory experiments were conducted employing conven-ience samples of students. In Experiment 1 a bias toward the nominal represen-tation was demonstrated when participants chose an unfamiliar (fictitious) large unit currency (small numbers) for paying the price of a consumer product but chose an unfamiliar small-unit currency (large numbers) for obtaining a salary. The bias was larger for participants who were induced to feel positive and deacti-vated (calm and relaxed) than for participants who were induced to feel negative and activated (anxious and jittery). The difference in frequencies of choice of cur-rency was replicated in Experiment 2. No effects were, however, found of natural mood assessed by self-report ratings. In Experiment 3 choices of more expensive consumer products with additional features were more frequent when the prices were expressed in the large-unit currency than when expressed in the small-unit currency. Neither in this case did self-reported natural mood affect the choices

Interaction effects of mood induction and nominal representation of price on consumer choice

The transition to the euro in several European countries causes consumers to make mistakes in economic transactions. One mistake referred to as the euro il-lusion is the tendency to evaluate prices on the basis of their nominal represen-tation, thus overestimating or underestimating how expensive products are. In-vestigating effects of the euro illusion on consumer choice as well as moderating effects of mood, three laboratory experiments were conducted employing conven-ience samples of students. In Experiment 1 a bias toward the nominal represen-tation was demonstrated when participants chose an unfamiliar (fictitious) large unit currency (small numbers) for paying the price of a consumer product but chose an unfamiliar small-unit currency (large numbers) for obtaining a salary. The bias was larger for participants who were induced to feel positive and deacti-vated (calm and relaxed) than for participants who were induced to feel negative and activated (anxious and jittery). The difference in frequencies of choice of cur-rency was replicated in Experiment 2. No effects were, however, found of natural mood assessed by self-report ratings. In Experiment 3 choices of more expensive consumer products with additional features were more frequent when the prices were expressed in the large-unit currency than when expressed in the small-unit currency. Neither in this case did self-reported natural mood affect the choices