Radioterapia y termoterapia como tratamiento de semillas de soja

A cultura da soja é uma das mais importantes no Brasil, o país ocupa a segunda colocação em produção. Para a obtenção de maiores rendimentos por área, é indispensável, além de técnicas adequadas de cultivo, a utilização de sementes de alta qualidade, expressa pelos componentes genético, físico, fisiológico e sanitário. Desta forma, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a eficiência da utilização de métodos físicos para tratamento de semente de soja avaliando características fisiológicas e a sanidade das sementes submetidas à termoterapia e da radioterapia. No teste de sanidade de sementes o tratamento com termoterapia via úmida apresentou significância e foi ajustada uma equação quadrática, de acordo com o modelo, o número de sementes de soja livre de fungos fitopatogênicos tende a aumentar com o maior tempo de exposição à temperatura de 40°C. Para a variável germinação, o tratamento termoterapia ajustou-se uma equação quadrática e para o tratamento com radiação ajustou-se uma equação linear. Ambos os tratamentos apresentaram redução da germinação das sementes com o aumento do tempo de exposição dos tratamentos físicos. As variáveis, altura de planta e peso seco apresentaram significância (p<0,05) apenas para o tratamento com termoterapia. Ajustou-se uma equação quadrática para ambas as variáveis apresentando redução da altura e do peso seco de plântulas mediantes ao incremento do tempo de exposição a temperatura.The soybean crop is one of the most important in Brazil, the country occupies the second place in production, surpassed only by the United States. To obtain greater yields per area, it is essential, and adequate cultivation techniques, the use of high quality seeds expressed by genetic components, physical, physiological and sanitary. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of physical methods for soybean seed treatment by physiological characteristics and health of seeds submitted to thermotherapy and radiotherapy. In the seed health testing treatment with thermotherapy wet method showed significant and a quadratic equation was fitted to describe the results, and in accordance with the model, the number of free soybean phytopathogenic fungi tends to increase with higher time of exposure to 40 ° C. For germination variable, the thermotherapy treatment set a quadratic equation and radiation treatment set a linear equation. Both treatments showed reduced seed germination with increased exposure time of the physical treatments. The variables, plant height, dry weight showed significant (p <0.05) only for the thermotherapy treatment. A quadratic equation for both variables having reduced height and seedling dry weight mediants to increase the exposure time the temperature was adjusted.E cultivo de soja es una de las más importantes en e Brasil, el país ocupa el segundo lugar en la producción siendo superado apenas por los Estados Unidos. Para la obtención de mayores rendimientos por área, es indispensable, además de técnicas adecuadas de cultivo, la utilización de semillas de alta calidad, expresada por los componentes genéticos, físicos, fisiológicos y sanitarios. De esta forma, el objetivo en este trabajo, fue evaluar la eficiencia de la utilización de métodos físicos para el tratamiento de semillas de soja por medio de características fisiológicas y la sanidad de las semillas sometidas a termoterapia y de la radioterapia. En el test de sanidad de semillas el tratamiento con termoterapia vía húmeda presento significancia y fue ajustada por la ecuación cuadrática, para describir los resultados, siendo que de acuerdo con el modelo, el número de semillas de soja libre de hongos Fito-patogénicos tiende a aumentar con el mayor tiempo de exposición a la temperatura de 40!C. para la variable germinación, el tratamiento termoterapia se ajustó a una ecuación cuadrática y para el tratamiento con radiación se ajustó a una ecuación lineal. Ambos tratamientos presentaron reducción de la germinación de las semillas con el aumento del tiempo de exposición de los tratamientos físicos. Las variables, altura de planta y peso seco presentaron significancia (p<0,05) apenas para el tratamiento con termoterapia. Se ajustó en una ecuación cuadrática para ambas variables presentando reducción de la altura y del peso seco de plántulas mediante el incremento de tiempo de exposición a temperatura

Mycelial sensitivity of Cercospora beticola to copper oxychloride

Cercospora leaf spot or Cercospora spot, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc is the most common disease in the leaf beet cultivation. This study aimed to determine the mycelial sensitivity in vitro, measured by the IC50 (concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial fungus growth) of three isolates of C. beticola of sugarbeet leaves obtained in Guarapuava region (PR) to the fungicide copper oxychloride shield in controlling the Cercospora spot as well as the production of cercosporin. We tested six copper oxychloride concentrations (1260.0 ppm, 126.0 ppm, 12.6 ppm, 1.26 ppm, 0.126 ppm and 0.00 ppm of the active ingredient). The concentration of 0.00 ppm represents the control without addition of the fungicide and 1260.0 represented the recommended field dose. The assessment of mycelial growth was carried out with the aid of digital caliper, measuring the diameter of the colonies, where the fungal growth in the control treatment has reached the edge of the petri dish. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. As for the fungus toxicity of the tested copper oxychloride active ingredient doses, it became clear that for the three isolated IC50 copper oxychloride reached sensitivity values. For analysis of cercosporin was no significant statistical difference for the different isolates and different concentrations of copper oxychloride.Cercospora leaf spot or Cercospora spot, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc is the most common disease in the leaf beet cultivation. This study aimed to determine the mycelial sensitivity in vitro, measured by the IC50 (concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial fungus growth) of five isolates of C. beticola of sugarbeet leaves obtained in Guarapuava region (PR) to the fungicide copper oxychloride used for controlling the Cercospora spot as well as the production of cercosporin. We tested six copper oxychloride concentrations (1260.0 ppm, 126.0 ppm, 12.6 ppm, 1.26 ppm, 0.126 ppm and 0.00 ppm of the active ingredient). The concentration of 0.00 ppm represents the control without addition of the fungicide and 1260.0 represented the recommended field dose. The assessment of mycelial growth was carried out measuring the diameter of the colonies, where the fungal growth in the control treatment has reached the border of the petri dish. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. As for the fungus toxicity of the tested copper oxychloride active ingredient doses, it became clear that for the three isolated IC50 copper oxychloride reached sensitivity values. For analysis of cercosporin was no significant statistical difference for the different isolates and different concentrations of copper oxychloride

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Bacillus subtilis e Trichoderma harzianum na qualidade e ocorrência de antracnose em banana

The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis on postharvest control of anthracnose, the effects on postharvest quality in ‘Nanicão’ bananas, and the sensory acceptance of fruits. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed. The in vitro tests included the following treatments: control (distilled water), T. harzianum, B. subtilis, and thiabendazole. In vitro tests consisted of pairing Colletotrichum musae with T. harzianum and B. subtilis by daily measuring the mycelial growth of C. musae and by counting the spore germination of C. musae. For in vivo tests, the treatments were control (distilled water), T. harzianum, B. subtilis, T. harzianum + B. subtilis, and thiabendazole. In vivo tests consisted of a daily evaluation of the incidence and severity of anthracnose in ‘Nanicão’ bananas. Some physicochemical characteristics of fruits were evaluated (weight loss, color, pulp firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and SS/TA ratio), as well as the sensory acceptance of bananas. Based on the results, the application of T. harzianum in ‘Nanicão’ bananas was efficient in decreasing the severity of anthracnose caused by C. musae, but treatments with biological control agents were inefficient in this process. On postharvest quality, treatments with biological control agents seem to have accelerated the maturation process. However, results from the sensory analysis showed that fruit acceptance was not affected

Defense responses of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) against brown spot as a result of possible elicitors application

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of wheat plants to the application of possible elicitor compounds against Bipolaris sorokiniana pathogen. This response was measured through the quantification of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde and flavonoids, evaluation of the severity of brown spot disease and productivity in wheat, greenhouse and field crops. The treatments consisted of suspensions of endophytic fungi Aspergillus japonicus and Trichoderma tomentosum, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl and fungicide. In the field trials, in 2015 and 2016, the development of the disease was lower and productivity was higher in all treatments, with emphasis on the fungicide. However, endophytic fungi suspensions demonstrated potential as growth promoters, disease severity reducers and protective antioxidant response activators, as they promoted significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and flavonoid enzymes

Global Survey of Outcomes of Neurocritical Care Patients: Analysis of the PRINCE Study Part 2

BACKGROUND: Neurocritical care is devoted to the care of critically ill patients with acute neurological or neurosurgical emergencies. There is limited information regarding epidemiological data, disease characteristics, variability of clinical care, and in-hospital mortality of neurocritically ill patients worldwide. We addressed these issues in the Point PRevalence In Neurocritical CarE (PRINCE) study, a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. METHODS: We recruited patients from various intensive care units (ICUs) admitted on a pre-specified date, and the investigators recorded specific clinical care activities they performed on the subjects during their first 7 days of admission or discharge (whichever came first) from their ICUs and at hospital discharge. In this manuscript, we analyzed the final data set of the study that included patient admission characteristics, disease type and severity, ICU resources, ICU and hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. We present descriptive statistics to summarize data from the case report form. We tested differences between geographically grouped data using parametric and nonparametric testing as appropriate. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to evaluate factors associated with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 1545 patients admitted to 147 participating sites from 31 countries of which most were from North America (69%, N = 1063). Globally, there was variability in patient characteristics, admission diagnosis, ICU treatment team and resource allocation, and in-hospital mortality. Seventy-three percent of the participating centers were academic, and the most common admitting diagnosis was subarachnoid hemorrhage (13%). The majority of patients were male (59%), a half of whom had at least two comorbidities, and median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality included age (OR 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04); lower GCS (OR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.16 for every point reduction in GCS); pupillary reactivity (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.23 for bilateral unreactive pupils); admission source (emergency room versus direct admission [OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.75]; admission from a general ward versus direct admission [OR 5.85; 95% CI, 2.75 to 12.45; and admission from another ICU versus direct admission [OR 3.34; 95% CI, 1.27 to 8.8]); and the absence of a dedicated neurocritical care unit (NCCU) (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.47). CONCLUSION: PRINCE is the first study to evaluate care patterns of neurocritical patients worldwide. The data suggest that there is a wide variability in clinical care resources and patient characteristics. Neurological severity of illness and the absence of a dedicated NCCU are independent predictors of in-patient mortality.status: publishe

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

10.1111/gcb.14904GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY261119-18

Management of coronary disease in patients with advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P=0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P=0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction

Health status after invasive or conservative care in coronary and advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial, the primary analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction with initial angiography and revascularization plus guideline-based medical therapy (invasive strategy) as compared with guideline-based medical therapy alone (conservative strategy) in participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease (an estimated glomerular filtration rate of &lt;30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 or receipt of dialysis). A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status. METHODS We assessed health status with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) before randomization and at 1.5, 3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. The primary outcome of this analysis was the SAQ Summary score (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating less frequent angina and better function and quality of life). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate the treatment effect with the invasive strategy. RESULTS Health status was assessed in 705 of 777 participants. Nearly half the participants (49%) had had no angina during the month before randomization. At 3 months, the estimated mean difference between the invasive-strategy group and the conservative-strategy group in the SAQ Summary score was 2.1 points (95% credible interval, 120.4 to 4.6), a result that favored the invasive strategy. The mean difference in score at 3 months was largest among participants with daily or weekly angina at baseline (10.1 points; 95% credible interval, 0.0 to 19.9), smaller among those with monthly angina at baseline (2.2 points; 95% credible interval, 122.0 to 6.2), and nearly absent among those without angina at baseline (0.6 points; 95% credible interval, 121.9 to 3.3). By 6 months, the between-group difference in the overall trial population was attenuated (0.5 points; 95% credible interval, 122.2 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS Participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease did not have substantial or sustained benefits with regard to angina-related health status with an initially invasive strategy as compared with a conservative strategy