The origin of Victoria's public sector reforms : policy transfer from New Zealand?

Policy transfer is one possible explanation for how and why the state of Victoria in Australia adopted strikingly similar public sector reforming policies to those implemented by New Zealand from the mid-1980s to early 1990s. This case study sought to assess the importance of policy transfer from New Zealand in relation to other possible explanations for the origin of Victoria's reforms. The four hypotheses drawn from the policy transfer and policy network literature to explore the origin of the changes in Victoria are: 1) That the adoption of similar policies was the result of agents of change responding to a change in thinking; 2) That the adoption of similar policies was the result of various networks operating between New Zealand and Victoria; 3) That the adoption of similar policies was the result of multi­ directional exchanges involving New Zealand, Victoria and supranational organisations; and 4) That the adoption of similar policies was the result of Victoria copying the legislation enacted in New Zealand. A range of secondary material and interviews with those involved in the reforms provided most of the material for this study. The conclusion drawn is that policy transfer from New Zealand was indeed a salient factor in the adoption of Victoria's public sector reforms, but was not the only factor. Local factors within the state and a shift in international thinking were also important facilitators of the change. Credit rating agencies emerge as an unexpected yet strong influence in the reforms that eventuated in Victoria

Pre-notification letter type and response rate to a postal survey among women who have recently given birth

Background: Surveys are commonly used in health research to assess patient satisfaction with hospital care. Achieving an adequate response rate, in the face of declining trends over time, threatens the quality and reliability of survey results. This paper reports on a postal satisfaction survey conducted with women who had recently given birth, and explores the effect of two strategies on response rates. Methods: A sample of 2048 Australian women who had recently given birth were invited to participate in a postal survey about their recent experiences with maternity care. The study design included two different strategies intended to increase response rates: a randomised controlled trial testing two types of pre-notification letter (with or without the option of opting out of the survey), and a request for consent to link survey data with existing routinely collected health data (omitting the latter data items from the survey reduced survey length and participant burden). Results: The survey had an overall response rate of 46%. Women receiving the pre-notification letter with the option of opting out of the survey were more likely to actively decline to participate than women receiving the letter without this option, although the overall numbers of women were small (27 versus 12). Letter type was not significantly associated with the return of a completed survey. Among women who completed the survey, 97% gave consent to link their survey data with existing health data. Conclusions: Seeking consent for record linkage was highly acceptable to women who completed the survey, and represents an important strategy to add to the arsenal for designing and implementing effective surveys. In addition to aspects of survey design, future research should explore how to more effectively influence personal constructs that contribute to the decision to participate in surveys.NHMR

Woman-centred maternity care: what do women say? Protocol for a survey of women receiving maternity care in NSW

Background: Over the past decade or so, recommendations for improvements in maternity care have emphasised the importance of providing woman-centred care. Feedback from women about existing maternity services can help to identify whether services are currently meeting women’s needs. The present study aims to capture women’s expectations of, and experiences with maternity care, and to explore whether maternal and birth characteristics are associated with those experiences. Methods: A survey will be undertaken with a sample of approximately 2,000 women who have given birth over a 3-month period at seven public maternity units in two neighbouring health districts in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The survey will be mailed out three-four months after birth. The study will also examine two strategies intended to increase survey response rates: use of two types of pre-notification letters, and request for consent from women to link survey responses with health information recorded at the time of birth. Data analysis will examine response rate, evidence of sample bias and effect of pre-notification letters; describe expectations and experiences with maternity care and associations with maternal and/or health characteristics; and where possible, compare results with maternity satisfaction data reported by others. Discussion: This study will provide, for the first time in NSW, comprehensive information about women’s expectations, experiences and satisfaction with maternity services in two local health districts. It will identify aspects of care that are meeting women’s needs, and areas where care and service provision may be improved in line with the aspirations of Towards Normal Birth. The survey tool may also prove to be appropriate for use by other health districts and/or state-wide.NHMR

Woman-centred maternity care: what do women say? Protocol for a survey of women receiving maternity care in NSW

Background: Over the past decade or so, recommendations for improvements in maternity care have emphasised the importance of providing woman-centred care. Feedback from women about existing maternity services can help to identify whether services are currently meeting women’s needs. The present study aims to capture women’s expectations of, and experiences with maternity care, and to explore whether maternal and birth characteristics are associated with those experiences. Methods: A survey will be undertaken with a sample of approximately 2,000 women who have given birth over a 3-month period at seven public maternity units in two neighbouring health districts in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The survey will be mailed out three-four months after birth. The study will also examine two strategies intended to increase survey response rates: use of two types of pre-notification letters, and request for consent from women to link survey responses with health information recorded at the time of birth. Data analysis will examine response rate, evidence of sample bias and effect of pre-notification letters; describe expectations and experiences with maternity care and associations with maternal and/or health characteristics; and where possible, compare results with maternity satisfaction data reported by others. Discussion: This study will provide, for the first time in NSW, comprehensive information about women’s expectations, experiences and satisfaction with maternity services in two local health districts. It will identify aspects of care that are meeting women’s needs, and areas where care and service provision may be improved in line with the aspirations of Towards Normal Birth. The survey tool may also prove to be appropriate for use by other health districts and/or state-wide.NHMR

Maternity Care in NSW - Having Your Say 2013-14. A survey about women’s views of their maternity care

This report details the findings of a survey with women about their expectations and experiences of maternity care in public hospitals in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The report provides background information about the survey project, and a summary of the responses from the women participating in the survey. The survey and this report have been structured around the three main maternity care periods: antenatal (pregnancy); birth; and postnatal (the first days and weeks after birth). All women who gave birth between 1 May and 31 July 2013 at seven public maternity units in NSW were eligible to participate in the survey. These seven maternity units account for approximately 11% of births in public hospitals in NSW, and represent a mixture of urban and regional, and tertiary and smaller health services. A total of 2048 women were mailed a survey. Survey packs were returned as undeliverable for 59 women, and 913 women returned a completed survey, representing a response rate of 46% (913/1989).NHMR

Maternity Care in NSW - Having Your Say 2013-14. A survey about women’s views of their maternity care

This report details the findings of a survey with women about their expectations and experiences of maternity care in public hospitals in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The report provides background information about the survey project, and a summary of the responses from the women participating in the survey. The survey and this report have been structured around the three main maternity care periods: antenatal (pregnancy); birth; and postnatal (the first days and weeks after birth). All women who gave birth between 1 May and 31 July 2013 at seven public maternity units in NSW were eligible to participate in the survey. These seven maternity units account for approximately 11% of births in public hospitals in NSW, and represent a mixture of urban and regional, and tertiary and smaller health services. A total of 2048 women were mailed a survey. Survey packs were returned as undeliverable for 59 women, and 913 women returned a completed survey, representing a response rate of 46% (913/1989).NHMR

Future Understanding of Tectonics, Ores, Resources, Environment and Sustainability (FUTORES) II Conference: abstract volume

With the increasing world population and living standards the demand for mineral and energy resources continues to grow. Future exploration will need to target resources at increasing depths and in areas with cover, and will require an improved understanding of mineral and energy systems and advances in exploration methods and approaches. The Economic Geology Research Centre (EGRU) at James Cook University has organized the FUTORES II conference to summarise recent developments in the exploration and understanding of major types of mineral deposits, to examine the key issues and techniques critical to future minerals and energy exploration, and to discuss the way forward. The conference is being held in tropical Townsville, Queensland, Australia, on 4-7 June 2017. It is following on from the inaugural and highly successful FUTORES conference held in Townsville in 2013.FUTORES II will bring together researchers, explorers and government agencies to address issues related to the sustainable supply and utilisation of mineral and energy resources. The conference has three symposia: the David Groves Symposium - New Insights in Mineral Deposit Understanding, the New Technologies and Approaches in Mineral Exploration Symposium, and the Tectonics, Basins and Resources Symposium. The conference is convened by EGRU, an organisation that was established in 1982 to strengthen the links between research and exploration, to promote exploration-oriented research, and to facilitate knowledge transfer. EGRU has a track record of organising successful major conferences to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and ideas and to stimulate new ideas for cutting-edge research and exploration. The Hydrothermal Odyssey conference in 2001, and the STOMP (Structure, Tectonics and Ore Mineralization Processes) conference in 2005, both attracted over 200 participants. In 2009 EGRU collaborated with the SGA to host the tenth biennial SGA conference in Townsville - Smart Science for Exploration and Mining - which attracted over 480 delegates from around the world. In 2013 the first FUTORES conference attracted around 250 participants from 15 countries. FUTORES II is looking to be equally successful and has so far attracted around 265 registrants. This conference abstract volume contains 134 abstracts covering a wide range of topics related to mineral and energy resources, tectonics and metallogenesis. The abstracts have been reviewed and edited by the Editorial Committee and, in this volume, are organised in alphabetical order of the first author. We thank the delegates for their abstracts and the reviewers for ensuring the quality of the abstract volume

Medial longitudinal arch development of school children : The College of Podiatry Annual Conference 2015: meeting abstracts

Background Foot structure is often classified into flat foot, neutral and high arch type based on the variability of the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA). To date, the literature provided contrasting evidence on the age when MLA development stabilises in children. The influence of footwear on MLA development is also unknown. Aim This study aims to (i) clarify whether the MLA is still changing in children from age 7 to 9 years old and (ii) explore the relationship between footwear usage and MLA development, using a longitudinal approach. Methods We evaluated the MLA of 111 healthy school children [age = 6.9 (0.3) years] using three parameters [arch index (AI), midfoot peak pressure (PP) and maximum force (MF: % of body weight)] extracted from dynamic foot loading measurements at baseline, 10-month and 22-month follow-up. Information on the type of footwear worn was collected using survey question. Linear mixed modelling was used to test for differences in the MLA over time. Results Insignificant changes in all MLA parameters were observed over time [AI: P = .15; PP: P = .84; MF: P = .91]. When gender was considered, the AI of boys decreased with age [P = .02]. Boys also displayed a flatter MLA than girls at age 6.9 years [AI: mean difference = 0.02 (0.01, 0.04); P = .02]. At baseline, subjects who wore close-toe shoes displayed the lowest MLA overall [AI/PP/MF: P < .05]. Subjects who used slippers when commencing footwear use experienced higher PP than those who wore sandals [mean difference = 31.60 (1.44, 61.75) kPa; post-hoc P = .04]. Discussion and conclusion Our findings suggested that the MLA of children remained stable from 7 to 9 years old, while gender and the type of footwear worn during childhood may influence MLA development. Clinicians may choose to commence therapy when a child presents with painful flexible flat foot at age 7 years, and may discourage younger children from wearing slippers when they commence using footwear

Utilising a cultural–historical analysis to map the historicity of Social Studies, Natural Science and Technology education in the early years

Background: South Africa needs citizens who are morally sound, adaptive to change, technologically innovative and literate in socio-scientific issues. The young child is apparently being prepared for active citizenry through basic “Social Science, Natural Sciences and Technology” education as encapsulated in the South African curriculum. Aim: We foreground a theoretical and analytical framework to map the cultural–historical trajectory of South Africa’s Beginning Knowledge curriculum. Setting: Cultivating citizenship requires that these science subject domains be incorporated in a coherent, well-conceptualised and relevant early childhood curriculum as suggested by international literature. Educators need to be specialists in socio-scientific issues in both the content and pedagogy of these sciences in order to expound the curriculum. Methods: Our newly coined hybridised theoretical framework - the ‘Hybrid CHAT’ - together with an aligned analytical framework enabled us to illuminate the historical subject-didactical genetic development of Beginning Knowledge. An extensive sample of typographical textbooks, artefacts and cultural tools were analysed and interpreted. Results: Beginning Knowledge is afforded limited teaching time. The knowledge, skills and values associated with these science subjects serve to support and strengthen the acquisition of language and mathematics competencies. Currently, Beginning Knowledge does not sufficiently prepare child citizens for the global demands of the 21st century. Conclusion: Hybrid CHAT could invite further studies to place Beginning Knowledge on par with international curricula. This would also align the curriculum with the aspirations for an ideal South African citizenry as well as prepare child citizens to pursue Science and Technology for social development