A convenient and efficient one-step method for the synthesis of dicompartmental ligands with hexa- and tetradentate coordination sites

A convenient and more efficient method for the preparation of 1,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5-bis(2-hydroxy-3-formyl-5-methyl benzyl)-2,5-diazahexane, L1H2 and 1,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6-bis(2-hydroxy-3-formyl-5-methyl benzyl)-2,6-diazaheptane, L2H2 are described. The ligands were prepared by reaction of two moles of 3-(chloromethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzaldehyde with a mole of N,N'-bis(2-pyridyl)dopamine in THF at ambient conditions in high yield (75-80%).KEY WORDS: Dicompartmental ligand, Synthesis, Phenol-based ligand, Acyclic ligandBull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010, 24(1), 151-155

An update on Helicobacter pylori infection in renal failure patients

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative spiral rod bacterium which inhabits gastric mucosa and attaches to the gastric epithelium using specific receptor. H. pylori infection endures as one of the most challenging diseases triggering high mortality and morbidity. H. pylori infection is reported as the cause of gastric cancer, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and other gastrointestinal disorders. It was suggested that long-term H. pylori infection may aggravate chronic kidney disease (CKD) complications and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Patients with chronic renal failure often possess gastrointestinal symptoms including decline of gastrointestinal motility, amyloid protein deposition and decreased sensory disturbance. Hence, in patients with chronic renal failure, the nutrition status is pour which usually leads to the development of malnutrition. This status will increase the morbidity and mortality of these patients. These patients in comparison to individuals with normal renal function usually have higher risks of gastric mucosal damage due to hypergastrinemia, enhanced inflammation, local chronic circulatory failure and high level of ammonia. Majority of these patients (25%– 75%) usually suffer from gastrointestinal complications such as gastric erosions, gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcers and angiodysplasia. The aim of the present study was to review the relation between one of the most challenging diseases, called H. pylori infection, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), diabetic and chronic hemodialysis individuals as well as presenting the treatment strategies of this infection

Aggressive jaw brown tumor in a 28-year-old man with long-lasted chronic kidney disease

Brown tumors are bony lesions triggered by rapid osteoclastic activity, which rarely involved jaws (1-3). In fact brown tumors or osteoclastomas are erosive bony lesions appearing as a complication of hyperparathyroidism. Renal osteodystrophy is the result of secondary hyperparathyroidism and is associated with various pathogenetic mechanisms, such as disorder of calcium-phosphate metabolism, increased parathyroid activity that lead to extreme concentrations of parathormone and impaired metabolism of vitamin D (1-7). We

A study on the effect of hydroalcholic extracts of Cornus mas on Leishmania major in vitro condition and wounds in Balb/C mice

Background: Antileishmaniasis drugs such as antimonials have problems such as disease recurrence, drug resistance, side effects and long-term treatment period. Therefore it seems necessary to search for new drugs, particularly herbal compounds with no side effects. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydroalcholic extract of Cornus mas on Leishmania major in vitro and wounds in Balb/c mice. Methods: Various concentrations of hydroalcholic extract of Cornus mas were prepared using maceration method in 80% ethanol. Then, 100 μl RPMI medium containing 5×105/well leishmania major promastigote was added to 96-well cell culture plates. Afterwards extract was added in each concentrations and the plate was incubated at 26 °C on 0h, 24h, 48h, and 72h. Then the MTT solution was added and absorbance was measured with ELISA reader in 570 nm in vivo: 60 Balb/c mouse after inoculation of L. major promastigote in the base their tail, after leishmaniasis lesions concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg of extract were injected to test groups one day in between for 30 days. Diameter and condition wound healing was recorded before and after the treatment. Then results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The findings revealed that the effect of C. mas on leishmania was dependent on dose of extract and time treatment also all concentrations of the extract could reduce the diameter of the wound and reduce parasitic load. Conclusion: The results indicated that extract of C. mas had the favorable effect in leishmanicidal activity in experimental conditions and in the animal model. Based on this, it is recommended that the effect of the herbal ointment and gel in the future on leishmaniasis should be investigated

Oxford-MEST classification in IgA nephropathy patients: A report from Iran.

BACKGROUND There is a limited knowledge about the morphological features of IgA nephropathy (IgAN)in the middle east region. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of histopathological findings in IgAN patients at our laboratory. PATIENTS AND METHODS At this work, an observational study reported which was conducted on IgAN patients using the Oxford-MEST classification system. RESULTS In this survey, of 102 patients 71.6 % were male. The mean age of the patients was 37.7 ± 13.6 years. Morphologic variables of MEST classification was as follows; M1: 90.2 %, E: 32 %, S: 67 % also,T in grads I and II were in 30% and 19% respectively, while 51% were in grade zero. A significant difference was observed in segmental glomerulosclerosis (P=0.003) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy frequency distribution (P= 0.045), between males and females . Furthermore, it was found that mesangial hypercellularity was more prevalent in yonger patients. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between serum creatinine and crescents (P<0.001). There was also significant correlation of serum creatinine with segmental glomerulosclerosis (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher prevalence of segmental glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis/ tubular atrophy, as the two of, four variables of Oxford-MEST classification of IgAN in male patients further attests that male gender is a risk factor in this disease.In this study the significant correlation between serum creatinine and crescent was in an agreement with previous studies and suggests for the probable accomodation of extracapillary proliferation as a new variable in MEST system

Visual Perceptual Skills in Normal Children Aged 7 to 13 Years in Tehran City

Objective: This study was aimed to determine visual perceptual skills of normal children aged 7 to 13 years in Tehran, comparing visual perceptual skills between boys and girls, age groups and student of different educational areas and finding the correlation among subtests with each other and subtests with total test. Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study 788 children aged 7 to 13 years old from 40 elementary and high schools of 5 educational areas of Tehran were selected by simple randomized and proportional to size method of sampling. Subjects were categorized in 3 age groups and then they were assessed by TVPS-R. The data were analyzed by statistical tests including Kolmogorov Smirnov, Bartllet, Analyze of variances, Independent T test, Kruskal-Wallis, U mann-whitney and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS software. Results: According to results, standard scores for all visual perceptual skills were about average (Visual Perceptual Quotient=94.68). Analysis of data revealed significant differences among age groups in visual perceptual skills except Visual Memory and Visual Sequential Memory (from P=0.045 for Visual Closure to P<0.001 for Visual Form Constancy). Students of different educational areas in Tehran had significant differences in visual perceptual skills (P<0.001 for all visual skills). No significant differences were found between girls and boys in five of visual perceptual skills but there was significant difference between them in Visual Form Constancy (P=0.009), Visual Figure Ground (P0.617) but it was lower among subtests to each other (Rho<0.508). Conclusion: The results of this study determined the visual perceptual skills scores in normal children. These scores will play as criteria for next studies especially the ones related to abnormal children