2,817 research outputs found
Effects of formulation and baking process on acrylamide formation in Kolompeh, a traditional cookie in Iran
Thermal treatments and recipes are two critical aspects for the formation of acrylamide at ordinary household cooking conditions and industrial level. Kolompeh is a traditional Iranian cookie, and the aim of this study was to monitor acrylamide formation in four different recipes: traditional sugary Kolompeh (TSK), traditional simple Kolompeh (TSIK), industrial sugary Kolompeh (ISK), and industrial simple Kolompeh (ISIK). Along with the measurement of reducing sugars, moisture, and pH, acrylamide was quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that acrylamide content was 1758, 1048, 888, and 560 μg/kg for TSK, TSIK, ISK, and ISIK, respectively, revealing that the kind of thermal treatment in combination with higher concentrations of reducing sugars were the major driver for acrylamide formation. In particular, acrylamide concentration in TSIK direct heating was 1.87 times higher than industrial indirect heating treatment, highlighting that domestic preparation of Kolompeh required a specific attention as a source of potential toxic molecule formation
Fast Shadow Detection from a Single Image Using a Patched Convolutional Neural Network
In recent years, various shadow detection methods from a single image have
been proposed and used in vision systems; however, most of them are not
appropriate for the robotic applications due to the expensive time complexity.
This paper introduces a fast shadow detection method using a deep learning
framework, with a time cost that is appropriate for robotic applications. In
our solution, we first obtain a shadow prior map with the help of multi-class
support vector machine using statistical features. Then, we use a semantic-
aware patch-level Convolutional Neural Network that efficiently trains on
shadow examples by combining the original image and the shadow prior map.
Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the proposed method significantly
decreases the time complexity of shadow detection, by one or two orders of
magnitude compared with state-of-the-art methods, without losing accuracy.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to IROS 201
Staphylococcus aureus typing by digestion of protein A coding gene using Bsp143I
Background: Protein A is the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus rolling in its pathogenesis, and its gene is used for typing. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) with different enzymes has been used for this action. Objectives: In this study, we used Bsp143I enzyme for digestion of the gene, coding protein A (spa gene) in S. aureus. The bacteria were isolated from patients and healthy carriers in Gorgan, north of Iran. Patients and Methods: DNAs of 128 S. aureus subjects (53 from healthy carriers and 75 from patients) were extracted and amplified using specific primers of the spa gene. The product was digested by Bsp143I enzyme and its pattern was assessed by gel electrophoresis. Results: There were seven spa types among the tested S. aureus samples, among which six types differed in the repeated X region of the spa gene, but the seventh type had a deletion on one of BSP143I restriction sites. The frequency of spa types among isolated S. aureus samples as well as healthy carriers was six and five, respectively. S. aureus isolated from wounds showed the most diverse spa types (five) among clinical samples. Types 1, 2 and 4 were observed in all clinical samples, while only one case of type 3 was identified among patients, whereas this type constituted over 32% of the isolates among carriers. We found seven and four spa types among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, respectively. Conclusions: Our results showed that typing the spa gene using PCR-RFLP using Bsp143I was an acceptable method for typing S. aureus. Furthermore, this survey showed that the types in healthy carriers and MSSA were more variable than patient and MRSA isolates, respectively. We used the Bsp143I enzyme, which was not used in any previous studies on the spa gene. The results of this study suggested that we can use PCR-RFLP of spa gene by Bsp143I for molecular typing and sequencing of S. aureus, instead of relatively expensive methods. This method is relatively rapid and inexpensive, and can be accomplished in centers with conventional molecular facilities. © 2014, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Solar extreme ultraviolet variability of the quiet Sun
The last solar minimum has been unusually quiet compared to the previous
minima (since space-based radiometric measurements are available). The Sun's
magnetic flux was substantially lower during this minimum. Some studies also
show that the total solar irradiance during the minimum after cycle 23 may have
dropped below the values known from the two minima prior to that. For
chromospheric and coronal radiation, the situation is less clear-cut. The Sun's
10.7\,cm flux shows a decrease of during the solar minimum in 2008
compared to the previous minimum, but \ion{Ca}{II} K does not. Here we consider
additional wavelengths in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), specifically
transitions of \ion{He}{I} at 584.3\,\AA\ and \ion{O}{V} at 629.7\,\AA , of
which the CDS spectrometer aboard SOHO has been taking regular scans along the
solar central meridian since 1996. We analysed this unique dataset to verify if
and how the radiance distribution undergoes measurable variations between cycle
minima. To achieve this aim we determined the radiance distribution of quiet
areas around the Sun centre. Concentrating on the last two solar minima, we
found out that there is very little variation in the radiance distribution of
the chromospheric spectral line \ion{He}{I} between these minima. The same
analysis shows a modest, although significant, 4\% variation in the radiance
distribution of the transition region spectral line \ion{O}{V}. These results
are comparable to those obtained by earlier studies employing other spectral
features, and they confirm that chromospheric indices display a small
variation, whereas in the TR a more significant reduction of the brighter
features is visible
Inequalities for the Polar Derivative of a Polynomial
In this paper we obtain new results concerning maximum modulus of the polar
derivative of a polynomial with restricted zeros. Our results generalize and
refine upon the results of Aziz and Shah [An integral mean estimate for
polynomial, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 28 (1997) 1413--1419] and Gardner, Govil
and Weems [Some result concerning rate of growth of polynomials, East J.
Apporox. 10(2004) 301--312]
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