Individual Differences in Impulsivity Predict Anticipatory Eye Movements

Impulsivity is the tendency to act without forethought. It is a personality trait commonly used in the diagnosis of many psychiatric diseases. In clinical practice, impulsivity is estimated using written questionnaires. However, answers to questions might be subject to personal biases and misinterpretations. In order to alleviate this problem, eye movements could be used to study differences in decision processes related to impulsivity. Therefore, we investigated correlations between impulsivity scores obtained with a questionnaire in healthy subjects and characteristics of their anticipatory eye movements in a simple smooth pursuit task. Healthy subjects were asked to answer the UPPS questionnaire (Urgency Premeditation Perseverance and Sensation seeking Impulsive Behavior scale), which distinguishes four independent dimensions of impulsivity: Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance, and Sensation seeking. The same subjects took part in an oculomotor task that consisted of pursuing a target that moved in a predictable direction. This task reliably evoked anticipatory saccades and smooth eye movements. We found that eye movement characteristics such as latency and velocity were significantly correlated with UPPS scores. The specific correlations between distinct UPPS factors and oculomotor anticipation parameters support the validity of the UPPS construct and corroborate neurobiological explanations for impulsivity. We suggest that the oculomotor approach of impulsivity put forth in the present study could help bridge the gap between psychiatry and physiology

Interphase chemistry of Si electrodes used as anodes in Li-ion batteries

International audienceThe effect of the Si electrode morphology (amorphous hydrogenated silicon thin films - a-Si:H as a model electrode and Si nanowires - SiNWs electrode) on the interphase chemistry was thoroughly investigated by the surface science techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). XPS analysis shows a strong attenuation and positive shift of the Si 2p peaks after a complete charge/discharge performed in PC- and EC:DMC-based electrolytes for both electrodes (a-Si:H and SiNW), confirming a formation of a passive film (called solid electrolyte interphase - SEI layer). As evidenced from the XPS analysis performed on the model electrode, the thicker SEI layer was formed after cycling in PC-based electrolyte as compared to EC:DMC electrolyte. XPS and ToF-SIMS investigations reveal the presence of organic carbonate species on the outer surface and inorganic salt decomposition species in the inner part of the SEI layer. Significant modification of the surface morphol- ogy for the both electrodes and a full surface coverage by the SEI layer was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis

Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/wild 2 nucleus samples

The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk

ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L’OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES TECHNIQUES PAR

de nationalité allemand

The burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria is substantial : real-world evidence from ASSURE-CSU

Chronic spontaneous urticaria () can be debilitating, difficult to treat, and frustrating for patients and physicians. Real-world evidence for the burden of is limited. The objective of this study was to document disease duration, treatment history, and disease activity, as well as impact on health-related quality of life (oL) and work among patients with inadequately controlled , and to describe its humanistic, societal, and economic burden. This international observational study assessed a cohort of 673 adult patients with whose symptoms persisted for ≥12 months despite treatment. Demographics, disease characteristics, and healthcare resource use in the previous 12 months were collected from medical records. Patient-reported data on urticaria and angioedema symptoms, oL, and work productivity and activity impairment were collected from a survey and a diary. Almost 50% of patients had moderate-to-severe disease activity as reported by Urticaria Activity Score. Mean () Dermatology Life Quality Index and Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire scores were 9.1 (6.62) and 33.6 (20.99), respectively. Chronic spontaneous urticaria markedly interfered with sleep and daily activities. Angioedema in the previous 12 months was reported by 66% of enrolled patients and significantly affected oL. More than 20% of patients reported ≥1 hour per week of missed work; productivity impairment was 27%. These effects increased with increasing disease activity. Significant healthcare resources and costs were incurred to treat . Chronic spontaneous urticaria has considerable humanistic and economic impacts. Patients with greater disease activity and with angioedema experience greater oL impairments

Doxa e crença entre os antropólogos

Para explicar como uma interpretação se torna hegemônica e como se reproduzem os fenômenos de crença coletiva, o artigo centra foco na recepção do Ensaio sobre o dom, de Marcel Mauss, e dos diários de Malinowski. A comparação entre os casos permite examinar os fundamentos do crédito que se atribui a certos intérpretes, bem como a dinâmica da estruturação e da difusão de uma doxa.<br>In order to explain how an interpretation becomes hegemonic and how collective belief is reproduced, the article focuses on the reception of The Gift, by Marcel Mauss, and of Malinowski’s diaries. By comparing both cases, it traces the origin of the credit attributed to certain interpreters, as well as the dynamics of dissemination of a doxology