A literatura rumo à modernidade : via Konstanz e Frankfurt

This paper aims to study how two of the most productive German theories from the sixties and seventies of the last century - Hans Robert Jauss' Rezeptionsästhetik and Jürgen Habermas' Kommunikatives Handeln - could be woven together in order to make possible new insights over a particular German literary genre.Este texto tem por objetivo recontextualizar uma das teorias literárias mais produtivas surgidas na segunda metade do século XX, na medida em que ela interagiu com conceitos filosóficos amadurecidos na mesma época. Em particular, pretendemos discutir o modo como a Estética da Recepção, desenvolvida ao longo dos anos 1960 e 1970, na Universidade de Konstanz, pôde e ainda pode proporcionar iluminações à literatura quando associada aos estudos de Jürgen Habermas junto à Escola de Frankfurt, também ao longo daquelas décadas e das seguintes.In diesem Aufsatz soll eine der produktivsten literaturwissenschaftlichen Theorien, die in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts entstand, neu betrachtet werden. Das Ziel ist erfolgsversprechend, weil sich diese Theorie mit zeitgenössischen philosophischen Begriffen Jürgen Habermas' auseinandersetzt. Im Besonderen soll untersucht werden, wie die während der sechziger und siebziger Jahre in Süddeutschland entwickelte Rezeptionsästhetik immer noch imstande ist, neue Einsichten auf ein bestimmtes Literaturgenre zu ermöglichen

Memória, passagens e permanência da tragédia na literatura alemã

This paper aims to study the literary genre tragedy and investigate how it can be truly identified in the works of two authors of the German Enlightenment and Classicism: G. E. Lessing and F. Schiller. In order to reach this goal, it is necessary first to step back to the Greek antiquity and study the origins of this type of text. Additionally, some titles by Shakespeare and Racine will be taken into consideration as further support of our claims.Este artigo tem como objetivo proceder a um breve levantamento do gênero tragédia e verificar até que ponto ele está realmente representado no Iluminismo e no Classicismo alemão dentro da obra de G. E. Lessing e de F. Schiller. Para tanto, é necessário recuarmos no tempo até a Antiguidade clássica e estudarmos os fundamentos desse tipo de texto. O exame de alguns títulos dos autores propostos será, antes, devidamente respaldado pela apreciação de dois estágios da história da tragédia: em Shakespeare e Racine.Absicht des Aufsatzes ist es, eine kurze Aufhebung der literarischen Gattung Tragödie auszuführen und nachzusehen, inwiefern sie in der deutschen Aufklärung und Klassik besonders in den Werken G. E. Lessings und F. Schillers tatsächlich dargestellt ist. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist es zuerst einmal notwendig zurück bis zur Antike zu greifen und dort die Grundlinien dieser Art Text zu studieren. Die Untersuchung mancher Titel der erwähnten Dichter wird noch präziser durch die Miteinbeziehung der Werke Shakespeares und Racines in diesen Beitrag

Literature towards Modernity - via Konstanz and Frankfurt

Este texto tem por objetivo recontextualizar uma das teorias literárias mais produtivas surgidas na segunda metade do século XX, na medida em que ela interagiu com conceitos filosóficos amadurecidos na mesma época. Em particular, pretendemos discutir o modo como a Estética da Recepção, desenvolvida ao longo dos anos 1960 e 1970, na Universidade de Konstanz, pôde e ainda pode proporcionar iluminações à literatura quando associada aos estudos de Jürgen Habermas junto à Escola de Frankfurt, também ao longo daquelas décadas e das seguintes.This paper aims to study how two of the most productive German theories from the sixties and seventies of the last century - Hans Robert Jauss' Rezeptionsästhetik and Jürgen Habermas' Kommunikatives Handeln - could be woven together in order to make possible new insights over a particular German literary genre.In diesem Aufsatz soll eine der produktivsten literaturwissenschaftlichen Theorien, die in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts entstand, neu betrachtet werden. Das Ziel ist erfolgsversprechend, weil sich diese Theorie mit zeitgenössischen philosophischen Begriffen Jürgen Habermas' auseinandersetzt. Im Besonderen soll untersucht werden, wie die während der sechziger und siebziger Jahre in Süddeutschland entwickelte Rezeptionsästhetik immer noch imstande ist, neue Einsichten auf ein bestimmtes Literaturgenre zu ermöglichen

Electrochemical degradation of the chloramphenicol at flow reactor

This paper reports a study of electrochemical degradation of the chloramphenicol antibiotic in aqueous medium using a flow-by reactor with DSA® anode. The process efficiency was monitored by chloramphenicol concentration analysis with liquid chromatography (HPLC) during the experiments. Analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was performed to estimate the degradation degree and Ion Chromatography (IC) was performed to determinate inorganic ions formed during the eletrochemical degradation process. In electrochemical flow-by reactor, 52% of chloramphenicol was degraded, with 12% TOC reduction. IC analysis showed the production of chloride ions (25 mg L-1), nitrate ions (6 mg L-1) and nitrite ions (4.5 mg L-1).Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

World Press Photo 2012: the discursive construction of the Arab Spring

O presente artigo pretende analisar a forma como o fenómeno da Primavera Árabe foi retratado nas fotografias vencedoras do concurso World Press Photo em 2012. As fotografias jornalísticas, embora se apresentem como índices do real, condicionam frequentemente a percepção dos indivíduos e influenciam as suas práticas sociais. Também as fotografias vencedoras do World Press Photo, um dos concursos mais prestigiados de fotojornalismo, em 2012 não fogem ao construtivismo discursivo que molda a representação e a percepção dos acontecimentos. A partir da análise crítica do discurso, nomeadamente dos instrumentos teóricos da semiótica barthesiana e da semiótica social de Gunther Kress e Theo van Leeuwen, procurámos interpretar as 38 fotografias vencedoras do World Press Photo 2012, a fim de reflectirmos sobre o modo como contribuíram para a compreensão da Revolta Árabe e como despertaram o nosso interesse e a nossa imaginação para o desenrolar do conflito.ABSTRACT:This article aims to analyze how the Arab Spring phenomenon was represented in the award-winning photographs of the World Press Photo contest in 2012. Although news photographs are usually seen as indexes of the real, they often limit the perception of individuals and influence their social practices. Also the winning photographs in 2012 of the World Press Photo, one of the most prestigious photojournalism contests, do not escape the discursive constructivism that shapes the representation and perception of events. Drawing from critical discourse analysis, namely from the theoretical tools of barthesian semiotics and Gunther Kress’s and Theo van Leeuwen’s social semiotics, we sought to interpret the 38 award-winning photographs of the World Press Photo contest in 2012, in order to reflect on the way they have contributed to our understanding of the Arab Revolt and aroused our interest and imagination to the unfolding of the conflict.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stereological assessment of sexual dimorphism in the rat liver reveals differences in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells but not hepatic stellate cells

There is long‐standing evidence that male and female rat livers differ in enzyme activity. More recently, differences in gene expression profiling have also been found to exist; however, it is still unclear whether there is morphological expression of male/female differences in the normal liver. Such differences could help to explain features seen at the pathological level, such as the greater regenerative potential generally attributed to the female liver. In this paper, hepatocytes (HEP), Kupffer cells (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) of male and female rats were examined to investigate hypothesised differences in number, volume and spatial co‐localisation of these cell types. Immunohistochemistry and design‐based stereology were used to estimate total numbers, numbers per gram and mean cell volumes. The position of HSC within lobules (periportal vs. centrilobular) and their spatial proximity to KC was also assessed. In addition, flow cytometry was used to investigate the liver ploidy. In the case of HEP and KC, differences in the measured cell parameters were observed between male and female specimens; however, no such differences were detected for HSC. Female samples contained a higher number of HEP per gram, with more binucleate cells. The HEP nuclei were smaller in females, which was coincident with more abundant diploid particles in these animals. The female liver also had a greater number of KC per gram, with a lower percentage of KC in the vicinity of HSC compared with males. In this study, we document hitherto unknown morphological sexual dimorphism in the rat liver, namely in HEP and KC. These differences may account for the higher regenerative potential of the female liver and lend weight to the argument for considering the rat liver as a sexually dimorphic organ

Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Free-Range Chickens from the Northeast Region of Brazil

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among chicken breeds from the northeast region of Brazil (states of Bahia and Piauí) using microsatellite markers. In addition, we assessed the identity and genetic relationships of chickens from Europe, Africa, and South America, as well as their influence on the formation of the Brazilian breeds. A total of 25 microsatellite markers and a panel containing 886 samples from 20 breeds (including the Brazilian chickens) were used in this study. Different statistical parameters were used to estimate the genetic diversity and relationship among the genetic groups studied. Our study indicates that the Brazilian Creole chickens have high genetic variability. The results show that chickens reared in the states of Bahia and Piauí could have originated from different ancestors. The Brazilian breeds studied have an evolutionary relationship with chickens from Portugal, Nigeria, Chile, and Spain. Our results will contribute directly to the conservation and recognition of Brazilian Creole chicken breeds and provide a solid basis for the demonstration of their genetic identity and genetic conservation of American Creole chicken populations

Planck 2015 results. XXI. The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect

Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies).-- et al.This paper presents a study of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect from the Planck 2015 temperature and polarization data release. This secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy caused by the large-scale time-evolving gravitational potential is probed from different perspectives. The CMB is cross-correlated with different large-scale structure (LSS) tracers: radio sources from the NVSS catalogue; galaxies from the optical SDSS and the infrared WISE surveys; and the Planck 2015 convergence lensing map. The joint cross-correlation of the CMB with the tracers yields a detection at 4σ where most of the signal-to-noise is due to the Planck lensing and the NVSS radio catalogue. In fact, the ISW effect is detected from the Planck data only at ≈3σ (through the ISW-lensing bispectrum), which is similar to the detection level achieved by combining the cross-correlation signal coming from all the galaxy catalogues mentioned above. We study the ability of the ISW effect to place constraints on the dark-energy parameters; in particular, we show that ΩΛ is detected at more than 3σ. This cross-correlation analysis is performed only with the Planck temperature data, since the polarization scales available in the 2015 release do not permit significant improvement of the CMB-LSS cross-correlation detectability. Nevertheless, the Planck polarization data are used to study the anomalously large ISW signal previously reported through the aperture photometry on stacked CMB features at the locations of known superclusters and supervoids, which is in conflict with ΛCDM expectations. We find that the current Planck polarization data do not exclude that this signal could be caused by the ISW effect. In addition, the stacking of the Planck lensing map on the locations of superstructures exhibits a positive cross-correlation with these large-scale structures. Finally, we have improved our previous reconstruction of the ISW temperature fluctuations by combining the information encoded in all the previously mentioned LSS tracers. In particular, we construct a map of the ISW secondary anisotropies and the corresponding uncertainties map, obtained from simulations. We also explore the reconstruction of the ISW anisotropies caused by the large-scale structure traced by the 2MASS Photometric Redshift Survey (2MPZ) by directly inverting the density field into the gravitational potential field.The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MINECO, JA, and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); ERC and PRACE (EU).Peer Reviewe

Electrochemical degradation of the chloramphenicol at flow reactor

This paper reports a study of electrochemical degradation of the chloramphenicol antibiotic in aqueous medium using a flow-by reactor with DSA® anode. The process efficiency was monitored by chloramphenicol concentration analysis with liquid chromatography (HPLC) during the experiments. Analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was performed to estimate the degradation degree and Ion Chromatography (IC) was performed to determinate inorganic ions formed during the eletrochemical degradation process. In electrochemical flow-by reactor, 52% of chloramphenicol was degraded, with 12% TOC reduction. IC analysis showed the production of chloride ions (25 mg L-1), nitrate ions (6 mg L-1) and nitrite ions (4.5 mg L-1).33510881092Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Não te