Production strategy influence on the economic viability of a family fish farm in Pará state, Amazon, Brazil

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the adoption of single-phase and two-phase system on the economic feasibility of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) family production in the Tracuateua municipality, Pará state. The operational cost methodology and economic efficiency indicators were adopted to compare these rearing systems. The annual production was 4,200 kg and 5,826 kg. The operational costs were R$26,169.00 and R$ 34,365.00, the total operational cost was R$27,505 and R$ 35,701.00, and the total operational cost per kg was R$6.55 and R$ 6.13 for single-phase and two-phase systems, respectively. Regarding the indicators, the net present value was R$24,180.70, the internal rate of return was 24$ 48,582.06, the internal rate of return was 29%, the cost-benefit ratio was 1.25, and the capital return period was 3.6 years. Despite the demand for greater investment, the two-phase system proved to be more profitable than the single-phase system, promoting even a reduction in unit production cost

Orbitofrontal sulcal and gyrus pattern in human: an anatomical study

The anatomical characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex in human is limited in literature instead of many functional and clinical studies involving it. Objective: Anatomically define the orbitofrontal region aiming to possible neurosurgical treatments and unify the scientific nomenclature as well. Method: We analyze eighty four human hemispheres using a surgical microscope. Then we chose four hemispheres and dissect them according to Klinger' technique. Results: We found five main sulcus: olfatory sulcus, orbital medial sulcus, orbital lateral sulcus, orbital transverse sulcus and orbital intermediate sulcus. These sulcus, excluding the intermediate sulcus, delimit five gyrus: rectus gurys, orbital medial gyrus, orbital anterior gyrus, orbital lateral gyrus and orbital posterior gyrus. the main sulcal configuration can be divided on four more frequently patterns. Conclusion: Orbitofrontal cortex is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Better anatomical and functional characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex and its connections will improve our knowledge about these diseases.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Neurocirurgia, São Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Albert Einstein, Disciplina Radiol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Neurocirurgia, São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Políticas Públicas de Prevenção do Suicídio no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática

O presente trabalho reflete sobre a negligência histórica da prevenção do suicídio como objeto de políticas públicas no Brasil, a partir de elementos teóricos do processo de formação de agenda e formulação. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com especialistas (da área da psicologia clínica e da gestão de políticas municipais de saúde) e pesquisa de dados secundários (bibliografia especializada na área da Saúde Pública). Analisa-se neste trabalho as dificuldades para que a questão da prevenção do suicídio seja valorizada como objeto organizador de um vetor de ação no campo da saúde, como tem potencial epidemiológico para ser. Argumentase que problemas como o tabu, a subnotificação, o atendimento, a abordagem da mídia, o acesso aos métodos, o abuso de substâncias químicas, entre outros, estão na raiz do processo da negligência do tema no sistema de saúde

Efeito da adição de resíduo do endocarpo de tucumã (Astrocaryum Aculeatum) em Poliestireno de Alto Impacto (PSAI)

Este trabalho investigou o efeito da adição de resíduo do endocarpo de tucumã (Astrocaryum Aculeatum) em poliestireno de alto impacto. Foram obtidos corpos de prova por meio do processamento de injeção plástica, para a confecção dos corpos de prova, foram utilizados 2% e 4% em peso de resíduo (CPS2 e CPS4). Foram realizadas caracterizações térmicas (TG e DSC), mecânicas (ensaio de impacto e resistência em módulo de tração) e um estudo com espectrometria de infravermelho (FTIR). Portanto o estudo mecânico indicou uma menor resistência ao impacto e tração dos CPS2 e CPS4 comparados com o material puro (PSAI). O estudo térmico indicou que a estabilidade térmica é aprimorada com a incorporação do resíduo. Por meio da espectrometria de infravermelho (FTIR), foi possível verificar a perda de ligações de monossubstituição. De forma geral, foi possível observar uma boa adesão entre as partículas, notou-se o efeito compatibilizante da lignina residual, as interações resíduo-polímero provocaram alterações nas propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e espectroscópicas nos corpos de prova.Palavras-chave: tucumã, termoplásticos, resíduo, comportamento mecânico, análise térmica.

Economic feasibility of distributed generation for Brazilian households: influence of the new legal framework

O número de sistemas de Geração Distribuída cresce de forma exponencial no Brasil desde a sua primeira regulamentação. Entretanto, com a aprovação do seu novo marco legal, os consumidores passaram a pagar pelo uso do sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica, impactando o mercado. Assim, é objetivo deste artigo avaliar a influência desta nova regulamentação na viabilidade econômica dos sistemas para consumidores residenciais, tipos de sistemas de maior representatividade no setor. Para tanto, analisaram-se as tarifas de energia homologadas para as concessionárias, bem como o impacto no fluxo de caixa de sistemas instalados no período de vacância da lei, caso eles fossem instalados sob a vigência da nova regulamentação em cinco cenários de análise, por meio de parâmetros econométricos e da comparação com investimentos de renda fixa tradicionais no Brasil. Pôde-se constatar que não existe um padrão para as tarifas de energia elétrica e que o impacto da nova regulamentação varia em função da componente tarifária da remuneração do uso do sistema de distribuição, identificando-se as regiões do país mais impactadas. Constatou-se que, mesmo com a diminuição da atratividade, em todos os cenários analisados os sistemas são viáveis, mesmo não havendo uma transição suave para as novas regras. Por fim, recomendou-se fortemente a instalação dos novos sistemas com a maior brevidade possível, além da gestão energética nas unidades consumidoras, com a priorização da utilização de energia nos horários de maior geração.The number of distributed generation systems has grown exponentially in Brazil since its first regulation. However, with the approval of a new legal framework, consumers began to pay for using the electricity distribution system, resulting in a direct impact on the electricity market. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of such a new regulation on the economic feasibility of distributed generation systems for residential facilities, which are the most representative consumers. For this purpose, the approved energy tariffs for the utilities are analyzed in detail, as well as the impact on the cash flow of systems installed in the vacancy period of the law. Five distinct scenarios are assessed, considering econometric parameters and a thorough comparison with traditional fixed-income investments available in Brazil. The study shows that there is no common pattern for the adoption of electricity tariffs, while the new regulation varies according to the tariff type in the regions most impacted in the country. Even with the decrease in attractiveness, one can state that the systems are still viable in all the analyzed scenarios, even without a smooth transition between the regulations. Finally, it is strongly recommended that new systems are installed as soon as possible associated with proper energy management in consumer units, while prioritizing energy consumption during peak generation periods

Chronic Migraine in Adolescence

Chronic migraine (CM) is a clinically and epidemiologically important disease that generates considerable impairment to those affected by it, since there is evidence of higher incidence of depression, anxiety, and chronic pain in patients with this condition. It is characterized by the occurrence of headache for at least 8 migraine days in a month and at least 15 headache days in the same month. Despite the similarity in CM presented in adults, when in adolescents it has some particularities. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to conduct a literature review, using the databases: PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS, in addition to text books, explaining the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of CM in adolescent population

Assessing Obukhov length and friction velocity from floating lidar observations: A data screening and sensitivity computation approach

This work presents a parametric-solver algorithm for estimating atmospheric stability and friction velocity from floating Doppler wind lidar (FDWL) observations close to the mast of IJmuiden in the North Sea. The focus of the study was two-fold: (i) to examine the sensitivity of the computational algorithm to the retrieved variables and derived stability classes (the latter through confusion-matrix theory), and (ii) to present data screening procedures for FDWLs and fixed reference instrumentation. The performance of the stability estimation algorithm was assessed with reference to wind speed and temperature observations from the mast. A fixed-to-mast Doppler wind lidar (DWL) was also available, which provides a reference for wind-speed observations free from sea-motion perturbations. When comparing FDWL- and mast-derived mean wind speeds, the obtained determination coefficient was as high as that of the fixed-to-mast DWL against the mast (ρ2=0.996) with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.25 m/s. From the 82-day measurement campaign at IJmuiden (10,833 10 min records), the parametric algorithm showed that the atmosphere was neutral (31% of the cases), stable (28%), or near-neutral stable (19%) during most of the campaign. These figures satisfactorily agree with values estimated from the mast measurements (31%, 27%, and 19%, respectively).This research was part of the projects PGC2018-094132-B-I00 and MDM-2016-0600 (Comm- SensLab Excellence Unit) funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigación (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)/10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER. The work of M.P.A.S was supported under grant PRE2018-086054 funded by MCIN/AEU/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE in- vierte en tu futuro”. The work of A.S-B was supported by grant 2020 FISDU 00455 funded by Generalitat de Catalunya—AGAUR. The European Commission collaborated under projects H2020 ACTRIS-IMP (GA-871115) and H2020 ATMO-ACCESS (GA-101008004). The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), KIC InnoEnergy project NEPTUNE (call FP7), supported the measurement campaigns.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version