Parâmetros nutricionais de cabritas alimentadas com dieta contendo torta de mamona detoxificada

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor bean cake (DCC), containing different alkaline solutions, on the nutritional parameters of Saanen and Anglo-Nubian female goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) kids. The treatments consisted of three diets: one based on corn and SM; and two with DCC with Ca(OH)2 or NaOH. Intake and digestibility data were analyzed in two phases according to the growth curves of the goats, which showed: a linear accelerated growth (phase I, from 60 to 298 days of life) and a reduction in the intensity of body growth (phase II, from 299 to 345 days). During phase I, the goat kids fed DCC with NaOH showed a lower intake of dry matter (DM) and nutrients. During phase II, there was significant effect of diets on the intake of nutrients, with the exception of ether extract (EE), total digestible nutrients, and metabolizable energy (ME). A diet effect was observed on the digestibility of DM, crude protein, EE, and neutral detergent fiber, mainly for goat kids fed diets with DCC. Despite their lower intake, the diets formulated with DCC do not negatively affect the nutritional performance of female goats kids in both growth phases, since they result in a greater feed efficiency.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja (FS) pela torta de mamona detoxificada (TMD), contendo diferentes soluções alcalinas, nos parâmetros nutricionais de cabritas (Capra aegagrus hircus) Saanen e Anglonubiana. Os tratamentos consistiram de três dietas: uma à base de milho e FS; e duas com TMD por Ca(OH)2 ou NaOH. Os dados de consumo e digestibilidade foram analisados em duas fases, de acordo com as curvas de crescimento das cabritas, que mostraram: crescimento acelerado linear (fase I, de 60 a 298 dias de vida) e redução na intensidade do crescimento corporal (fase II, de 299 a 345 dias). Durante a fase I, as cabritas alimentadas com TMD por NaOH apresentaram menor consumo de matéria seca (MS) e nutrientes. Durante a fase II, houve efeito das dietas sobre a ingestão de nutrientes, com exceção de extrato etéreo (EE), nutrientes digestíveis totais e energia metabolizável. Observou-se efeito da dieta na digestibilidade da MS, da proteína bruta, do EE e da fibra em detergente neutro, principalmente nas cabritas que consumiram as dietas com TMD. Embora menos consumidas, as dietas formuladas com TMD não afetam negativamente o desempenho nutricional das cabritas em ambas as fases de crescimento, uma vez que resultam em maior eficiência alimentar

Ingestive Behavior and Nutritional and Physiological Parameters of Sheep Fed Diets Based on Cashew Byproduct

Objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior, feed efficiency, and nutritional and physiological parameters of sheep that were fed diets based on byproducts from the processing of cashew. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four levels of inclusion (6 %, 11 %, 16 %, and 21 % of cashew byproduct) and two forms of processing—with chemical treatment (CT) and without chemical treatment (NCT). The interaction levels of inclusion of the byproduct of cashew versus chemical treatments was not (P>0.05) for the dry matter intake, consumption of organic matter. No effect was observed (P>0.05) for the intake of dry matter in function of the type of chemical treatment used in the byproduct of cashew. There was no effect of interaction (P0.05). The inclusion of the byproduct of cashew did not influence the behavioral parameters, intake and digestibility of the diets of sheep, being recommended to use up to the level of 21%

Resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba como fonte de volumoso para a terminação de ovinos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ammonization with different levels of urea and the use of soybean grains as a urease source, for the improving of the chemical composition of carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) agroindustrial residue (BC). The levels of urea were 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in relation to the percentage of total dry matter of BC and the levels of toasted soybean grains were 0 and 20%. Evaluations were also made for forage intake and performance of confined sheep subjected to diets with increasing levels of replacement of Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.) hay (FT) by BC: 100% FT, 25% BC plus 75% FT, 50% BC plus 50% FT, 75% BC plus 25% FT, and 100% BC. Thirty crossbred 80-day old weaned sheep with 17 kg initial average weight were used. Crude protein in the forage increased with the increasing doses of urea. Increases were also observed for neutral detergent fiber and cellulose contents and reductions were observed for roughage digestibility. The highest daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract and neutral detergent fiber were observed in animals fed only FT. Animal performance decreased with increase of BC in the diet.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da amonização com diferentes níveis de ureia e do uso de grãos de soja como fonte de urease, na melhoria da composição químico-bromatológica do resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera), conhecido como bagana (BC). Os níveis de ureia utilizados foram 0, 2,5, 5, 7,5 e 10%, em relação à percentagem de matéria seca total da BC; e os níveis de grãos de soja tostados foram de 0 e 20%. Foram também avaliados o consumo de ração e o desempenho de cordeiros confinados, submetidos a dietas com níveis crescentes de substituição de feno de capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) (FT) pela BC: 100 FT; 25% BC e 75% FT; 50% BC e 50% FT; 75% BC e 25% FT; 100% BC. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros mestiços inteiros, recém-desmamados, com peso corporal médio de 17 kg e idade média em torno de 80 dias. Os teores de proteína bruta na forragem aumentaram com o aumento das dosagens de ureia. Foram observados, ainda, aumentos nos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e celulose e redução da digestibilidade da BC. Os consumos diários mais elevados de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro foram observados nos animais que receberam apenas FT como volumoso. O desempenho animal foi reduzido com o aumento da BC na dieta

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost