103 research outputs found
Gas inflows, star formation and metallicity evolution in galaxy pairs
It has been known since many decades that galaxy interactions can induce star
formation (hereafter SF) enhancements and that one of the driving mechanisms of
this enhancement is related to gas inflows into the central galaxy regions,
induced by asymmetries in the stellar component, like bars. In the last years
many evidences have been accumulating, showing that interacting pairs have
central gas-phase metallicities lower than those of field galaxies, by {\sim}
0.2-0.3 dex on average. These diluted ISM metallicities have been explained as
the result of inflows of metal-poor gas from the outer disk to the galaxy
central regions. A number of questions arises: What's the timing and the
duration of this dilution? How and when does the SF induced by the gas inflow
enrich the circumnuclear gas with re-processed material? Is there any
correlation between the timing and strength of the dilution and the timing and
intensity of the SF? By means of Tree-SPH simulations of galaxy major
interactions, we have studied the effect that gas inflows have on the ISM
dilution, and the effect that the induced SF has, subsequently, in re-enriching
the nuclear gas. In this contribution, we present the main results of this
study.Comment: Proceedings of the IAU Symposium 277 "Tracing the Ancestry of
Galaxies", 4 pages, 2 figure
Clumpy streams in a smooth dark halo: the case of Palomar 5
By means of direct N-body simulations and simplified numerical models, we
study the formation and characteristics of the tidal tails around Palomar 5,
along its orbit in the Milky Way potential. Unlike previous findings, we are
able to reproduce the substructures observed in the stellar streams of this
cluster, without including any lumpiness in the dark matter halo. We show that
overdensities similar to those observed in Palomar 5 can be reproduced by the
epicyclic motion of stars along its tails, i.e. a simple local accumulation of
orbits of stars that escaped from the cluster with very similar positions and
velocities. This process is able to form stellar clumps at distances of several
kiloparsecs from the cluster, so it is not a phenomenon confined to the inner
part of Palomar 5's tails, as previously suggested. Our models can reproduce
the density contrast between the clumps and the surrounding tails found in the
observed streams, without including any lumpiness in the dark halo, suggesting
new upper limits on its granularity.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. A&A Letters, accepted. Top panel of Fig. A1
replaced, minor typos corrected. High resolution version available at
http://mygepi.obspm.fr/~paola/Pal5
InSAR Monitoring of Italian Coastline Revealing Natural and Anthropogenic Ground Deformation Phenomena and Future Perspectives
In this work, we use X and C-band SAR data provided by the COSMO-SkyMed and ENVISAT missions to detect and measure some ground deformation phenomena along six coastal areas of Italy. In particular, we exploit multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), i.e., small baseline subsets (SBAS) and interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) methods, to retrieve the deformation rate maps and time series for each investigated area. Multi-temporal InSAR analysis revealed local subsidence and uplifting effects in Ravenna Coastal Areas, Fiumicino, Campi Flegrei, Sibari Plain, Augusta Bay, and Taranto Gulf. Our work is meant as a demonstrator to show how InSAR-based analysis can provide a detailed understanding of the coastal hazards. Such analysis also opens up new monitoring scenarios such as the possibility of designing a near real-time surveillance service based on Sentinel-1 SAR data.Publishedid 31522T. Deformazione crostale attivaJCR Journa
An inhomogeneous fractal cosmological model
We present a cosmological model in which the metric allows for an
inhomogeneous Universe with no intrinsic symmetries (Stephani models),
providing the ideal features to describe a fractal distribution of matter.
Constraints on the metric functions are derived using the expansion and
redshift relations and allowing for scaling number counts, as expected in a
fractal set. The main characteristics of such a cosmological model are
discussed.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, accepted for publication on Classical and
Quantum Gravit
Fractal properties of isolines at varying altitude reveal different dominant geological processes on Earth
Geometrical properties of landscapes result from the geological processes
that have acted through time. The quantitative analysis of natural relief
represents an objective form of aiding in the visual interpretation of
landscapes, as studies on coastlines, river networks, and global topography,
have shown. Still, an open question is whether a clear relationship between the
quantitative properties of landscapes and the dominant geomorphologic processes
that originate them can be established. In this contribution, we show that the
geometry of topographic isolines is an appropriate observable to help
disentangle such a relationship. A fractal analysis of terrestrial isolines
yields a clear identification of trenches and abyssal plains, differentiates
oceanic ridges from continental slopes and platforms, localizes coastlines and
river systems, and isolates areas at high elevation (or latitude) subjected to
the erosive action of ice. The study of the geometrical properties of the lunar
landscape supports the existence of a correspondence between principal
geomorphic processes and landforms. Our analysis can be easily applied to other
planetary bodies.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
The Monitoring of Urban Environments and Built-Up Structures in a Seismic Area: Web-Based GIS Mapping and 3D Visualization Tools for the Assessment of the Urban Resources
In this paper, a non-invasive infrastructural system
called MASSIMO is presented for the monitoring and
the seismic vulnerability mitigation of cultural
heritages. It integrates ground-based, airborne and
space-borne remote sensing tools with geophysical and
in situ surveys to provide a multi-spatial (regional,
urban and building scales) and multi-temporal (longterm,
short-term and near-real-time scales) monitoring
of test areas and buildings. The measurements are
integrated through web-based Geographic Information
System (GIS) and 3-dimensional visual platforms to
support decision-making stakeholders involved in urban
and structural requalification planning. An application
of this system is presented over the Calabria region for
the town of Cosenza and a test historical complex.The present work is supported and funded by the Italian
Ministry of Education, University and Research
(MIUR) under the research project PON01-02710
"MASSIMO" - "Monitoraggio in Area Sismica di
SIstemi MOnumentali".Published9-134T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaN/A or not JC
Is There Any Reliable Predictor of Functional Recovery Following Post-thyroidectomy Vocal Fold Paralysis?
Background Predicting definitive outcomes of post-thyroidectomy vocal fold paralysis (VFP) is challenging. We aimed to identify reliable predictors based on intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and flexible fiberoptic laryngostroboscopy (FFL) findings. Methods Among 1172 thyroid operations performed from April to December 2021, all patients who exhibited vocal fold paralysis (VFP) at post-operative laryngoscopy were included. IONM data, including type of loss of signal (LOS), were collected. Patients underwent FFL, with arytenoid motility assessment, at 15, 45 and 120 days post-operatively. Patients were divided into two groups: those who recovered vocal fold motility (VFM) by the 120th post-operative day (recovery group) and those who did not (non-recovery group). Results Fifty-nine VFP cases (5.0% of total patients) met the inclusion criteria. Eight patients were lost at follow-up and were excluded. Overall, 9 patients were included in the non-recovery group (0.8% of total patients) and 42 in the recovery group. Among various predictive factors, only arytenoid fixation (AF) at the 15th post-operative day and Type I LOS were significant predictors for no VFM recovery (p = 0.007, RR = 9.739, CI:1.3-72.3 and p = 0.001, RR = 9.25, CI:2.2-39.3 for AF and Type I injury, respectively). The combination of type of LOS and arytenoid motility at the 15th post-op day yielded satisfactory predictive values for the progression of transient VFP to permanent. Conclusions Arytenoid motility at the 15th post-op day and type II LOS are associated with recovery of VFM. Type of LOS and FFL could be included in the follow-up protocols of patients with VFP to reliably predict clinical outcomes
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