Análisis Histórico Evolutivo de las Plazas del Centro Histórico de Cuenca: Caso de Estudio Plaza María Auxiliadora.

Las plazas del Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Cuenca constituyen elementos de vital impor- tancia, por su opulencia cultural e historia. La conservación de estos espacios es sustancial para preservar la riqueza que poseen y transmitir la identidad guardada por medio de los elementos que la configuran. A pesar de las múltiples investigaciones sobre el Centro Histórico, de sus espacios públicos y de algunos de los edificios ubicados alrededor de este, quedan aun sectores sin un profundizamien- to en su historia y su relevancia. Por lo que, la presente investigación toma el caso de la plaza María Auxiliadora y su entorno reali- zando un análisis histórico de su evolución me- diante una metodología que de primera mano, establece criterios y conceptos acerca del mismo, luego estudia casos de plazas con características similares en la escala local, nacional e interna- cional. Posteriormente, se divide en períodos de tiempo de acuerdo a los cambios habidos y se los analiza íntegramente para lograr la comprensión de su evolución. Finalmente, se fijan criterios de actuación de acuerdo a las conclusiones obtenidas del estudio para tomar en cuenta en futuras intervenciones con el afán de aprovechar de la mejor manera las cualidades del espacio.The plazas of the Historic Center of the city of Cuenca constitute elements of vital im- portance, due to their cultural opulence and history. The conservation of these spaces is substantial to preserve the richness they pos- sess and to transmit the identity kept by means of the elements that configure it. In spite of the multiple investigations on the His- toric Center, its public spaces and some of the buildings located around it, there are still sectors without a deepening of its history and relevance. Therefore, this research takes the case of the María Auxiliadora Plaza and its surroundings, making a historical analysis of its evolution through a first-hand methodology that esta- blishes criteria and concepts about it, then studies cases of squares with similar characte- ristics on a local, national and international scale. Subsequently, it is divided into time pe- riods according to the changes that have taken place and analyzed in their entirety in order to achieve an understanding of their evolution. Finally, criteria for action are established according to the conclusions obtained from the study to be taken into account in future interventions in order to make the best use of the qualities of the space.0000-0001-9035-824

Molecular characterization of a fungal gene paralogue of the penicillin penDE gene of Penicillium chrysogenum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Penicillium chrysogenum </it>converts isopenicillin N (IPN) into hydrophobic penicillins by means of the peroxisomal IPN acyltransferase (IAT), which is encoded by the <it>penDE </it>gene. <it>In silico </it>analysis of the <it>P. chrysogenum </it>genome revealed the presence of a gene, Pc13g09140, initially described as paralogue of the IAT-encoding <it>penDE </it>gene. We have termed this gene <it>ial </it>because it encodes a protein with high similarity to IAT (IAL for IAT-Like). We have conducted an investigation to characterize the <it>ial </it>gene and to determine the role of the IAL protein in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The IAL contains motifs characteristic of the IAT such as the processing site, but lacks the peroxisomal targeting sequence ARL. Null <it>ial </it>mutants and overexpressing strains indicated that IAL lacks acyltransferase (penicillin biosynthetic) and amidohydrolase (6-APA forming) activities <it>in vivo</it>. When the canonical ARL motif (leading to peroxisomal targeting) was added to the C-terminus of the IAL protein (IAL^ARL) by site-directed mutagenesis, no penicillin biosynthetic activity was detected. Since the IAT is only active after an accurate self-processing of the preprotein into α and β subunits, self-processing of the IAL was tested in <it>Escherichia coli</it>. Overexpression experiments and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that IAL is also self-processed in two subunits, but despite the correct processing, the enzyme remained inactive <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>No activity related to the penicillin biosynthesis was detected for the IAL. Sequence comparison among the <it>P. chrysogenum </it>IAL, the <it>A. nidulans </it>IAL homologue and the IAT, revealed that the lack of enzyme activity seems to be due to an alteration of the essential Ser309 in the thioesterase active site. Homologues of the <it>ial </it>gene have been found in many other ascomycetes, including non-penicillin producers. Our data suggest that like in <it>A. nidulans</it>, the <it>ial </it>and <it>penDE </it>genes might have been formed from a single ancestral gene that became duplicated during evolution, although a separate evolutive origin for the <it>ial </it>and <it>penDE </it>genes, is also discussed.</p

Alibava : A portable readout system for silicon microstrip sensors

A portable readout system for silicon microstrip sensors is currently being developed. This system uses a front-end readout chip, which was developed for the LHC experiments. The system will be used to investigate the main properties of this type of sensors and their future applications. The system is divided in two parts: a daughter board and a mother board. The first one is a small board which contains two readout chips and has fan-ins and sensor support to interface the sensors. The last one is intended to process the analogue data that comes from the readout chips and from external trigger signals, to control the whole system and to communicate with a PC via USB. The core of this board is a FPGA that controls the readout chips, a 10 bit ADC, an integrated TDC and an USB controller. This board also contains the analogue electronics to process the data that comes from the readout chips. There is also provision for an external trigger input (e.g. scintillator trigger) and a 'synchronised' trigger output for pulsing an external excitation source (e.g. laser system)

Modelo de transferencia de calor para concentradores solares con flujo bifásico

In this work, a dynamic mathematical model of heat transfer through the absorber tube of a Fresnel solar concentrator type, which uses water as working fluid, is developed. The water is considered to change phase as it flows through the absorber tube, giving rise to a monophasic region and a biphasic region. The model is validated with experimental data, published in the literature, and the thermal efficiency is analyzed as a function of the solar resource in this concentrator.En este trabajo se desarrolla un modelo matemático dinámico de la transferencia de calor a través del tubo absorbedor de un concentrador solar Fresnel, que emplea como fluido de trabajo agua. Se considera que el agua cambia de fase a medida que fluye a través del tubo absorbedor, dando lugar a una región monofásica y una región bifásica. El modelo es validado con datos experimentales, publicados en la literatura, y se analiza la eficiencia térmica en función del recurso solar en este concentrador

AW-Isobioclimas: aplicación web para consultar los Isobioclimas de la España Peninsular y Balear

Para este trabajo se ha preparado una página web, y también un archivo en formato KML, compartido en la misma página web, con la información de los Isobioclimas de la España Peninsular y Balear, publicada en 2015. Para su realización se ha utilizado HTML5, estándar de la W3C para la geolocalización, y Open Layers para generación de mapas web de código abierto. Este formato permite ser leído por múltiples aplicaciones en diferentes sistemas operativos y tanto en dispositivos fijos (ordenadores) como portátiles (móviles y tablets). Así el usuario puede consultar, “in situ”, la información del Isobioclima sobre el que se encuentra en el campo. Haciendo un clic de ratón sobre la mancha de Isobioclima, se obtiene más información sobre el mismo. Los Isobioclimas están definidos por todos los factores bioclimáticos jerarquizados de un área y se expresan con una frase que incluye Macrobioclima, Bioclima, Variante Bioclimática (si la hubiere) y Piso Bioclimático –Termotipo y Ombrotipo- y permiten reconocer las áreas de igual potencialidad biológica. Los geodatos preparados contienen la información de los 72 Isobioclimas encontrados en el territorio de la España Peninsular y Balear.For this work a web page has been prepared, as well as a file in KML format, shared on the same web page, both with information on Isobioclimates of Peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands, published in 2015. HTML5, W3C standard for geolocation, and Open Layers for generation of open source web mapping, have been used. This format can be read by multiple applications on different operating systems and in both fixed and devices (computers) and portable (mobile and tablets). So the user can consult, “in situ”, information about the Isobioclimate of its present position in the field. The Isobioclimates are defined by all hierarchized bioclimatic factors of an area, and are named with a phrase which includes Macrobioclimate, Bioclimate, Biioclimatic Variant (if any) and Bioclimatic Belt -Thermotype and Ombrotype-. The Isobioclimates allow to recognize he areas with equal biological potentiality. The prepared geodata contain the information on the 72 Isobioclimates found in the territory of Peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands

RF Acquisition System Based on μTCA for Testing of High-Gradient Acceleration Cavities

The radio frequency (RF) laboratory hosted in the Corpuscular Physics Institute (IFIC) of the University of Valencia is designed to house a high-power and high-repetition-rate facility to test normal conduction RF accelerator cavities in the S-Band (2.9985 GHz) in order to perform R&D activities related to particle accelerator cavities. The system, which manages the entire process of RF signal generation, data acquisition and closed-loop control of the laboratory, is currently based on a modular and compact PXI platform system. This contribution details the development of a platform with similar features, but which is based on open architecture standards at both the hardware and software level. For this purpose, a complete system based on the μTCA platform has been developed. This new system must be able to work with accelerator cavities at other operating frequencies, such as 750 MHz, as well as to explore different options at firmware and software levels based on open-source codes

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Chalcone and Flavone Analogs as Antioxidants and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Several oxidative processes are related to a wide range of human chronic and degenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease, which also has been related to cholinergic processes. Therefore, search for new or improved antioxidant molecules with acetylcholinesterase activity is essential to offer alternative chemotherapeutic agents to support current drug therapies. A series of chalcone (2a–2k) and flavone (3a–3k) analogs were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, and antioxidant agents using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2-20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•), and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay. Compounds more active were 3j and 2k in DPPH with EC50 of 1 × 10−8 and 5.4 × 10−3 µg/mL, respectively; 2g and 3i in ABTS (1.14 × 10−2 and 1.9 × 10−3 µg/mL); 2e, 2f, 3f, 2j, and 3j exceeded the α-tocopherol control in the β-carotene assay (98–99% of antioxidant activity). At acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay, flavones were more active than chalcones; the best results were compounds 2d and 3d (IC50 21.5 and 26.8 µg/mL, respectively), suggesting that the presence of the nitro group enhances the inhibitory activity. The docking of these two structures were made to understand their interactions with the AChE receptor. Although further in vivo testing must be performed, our results represent an important step towards the identification of improved antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Ascomycetes from the tropical cloud forest of Honey, Puebla de los Angeles, Mexico

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los ascomicetos son un grupo de hongos que se caracteriza por la formación de ascosporas dentro de ascas; se localizan en todos los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos. Los estudios de este grupo en el bosque mesófilo en México se han ido incrementando y en esta ocasión se presenta un inventario micoflorístico del municipio Honey, localizado en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, el cual conserva 50% de su vegetación original. Métodos: Los hongos fueron recolectados en seis localidades del municipio Honey, durante los años 2016 al 2018. Los especímenes fueron estudiados y determinados de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales en micología y se depositaron en las colecciones de hongos de los herbarios ENCB y FEZA.Resultados clave: Se determinaron 52 especies de ascomicetos para el municipio Honey, de los cuales 39 son nuevos registros para el estado, mientras que Adelphella babingtonii, Cudoniella acicularis, Lachnum fuscescens, Ophioceras leptosporum, Orbilia curvatispora y Unguiculariopsis acerina lo son para México. Además, Hymenoscyphus herrerae se describe como especie nueva para la ciencia. De tal forma que con el presente estudio se tiene un total de 93 especies para la entidad y 141 para los bosques mesófilos del país. La familia Xylariaceae presentó la mayor riqueza taxonómica con 16 especies, siendo Xylaria con 14, el género mejor representado (27%) de los ascomicetos del bosque mesófilo de Honey.Conclusiones: Los ascomicetos son el grupo de hongos mejor estudiados en los bosques mesófilos de Puebla; no obstante, es necesario incrementar los esfuerzos para inventariar y describir la riqueza fúngica y de otros organismos de este ecosistema amenazadoBackground and Aims: Ascomycetes are a group of fungi that are characterized by the formation of ascospores within ascas, they occur in all terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The studies of this group in the cloud forest in Mexico have been increasing and a mycofloristic inventory of the municipality of Honey in the Sierra Norte in Puebla, which preserves 50% of its original vegetation, is presented here.Methods: The specimens were collected in six locations in the municipality of Honey, during the years 2016 to 2018. The specimens were studied and determined according to traditional techniques in mycology and were deposited in the fungus collections of the herbaria ENCB and FEZA.Key results: Fifty-two species of ascomycetes were determined for the municipality of Honey, of which 39 are new records for the state, while Adelphella babingtonii, Cudoniella acicularis, Lachnum fuscescens, Ophioceras leptosporum, Orbilia curvatispora and Unguiculariopsis acerina are new records for Mexico. Additionally, Hymenoscyphus herrerae is described as a new species for science. Hence, with this study there are a total of 93 species for the entity and 141 for the cloud forest from Mexico. The family Xylariaceae presented the highest taxonomic richness with 16 species, Xylaria with 14 being the best represented genus (27%) of ascomycetes from the cloud forest of Honey.Conclusions: The Ascomycetes are the best studied group of fungi in the cloud forest from Puebla; however, it is necessary to increase efforts to inventory and describe the richness of fungi and other organisms in this endangered ecosystem