Relativistic mass due to a dilatant vacuum leads to a quantum reformulation of the relativistic kinetic energy

Relativistic mass change with speed is considered as the effect of a viscous, dilatant vacuum, whose apparent viscosity is related to the Lorentz factor. Transient solidlike vacuum due to shear stress would be the reason why vacuum prevents the speed of massive objects from being indefinitely increased. Such a vacuum (that in a previous study allowed to exactly calculate the Pioneer anomaly, Mercury's perihelion precession and was shown to be compatible with stable planetary orbits) leads us here to a quantum formula for the relativistic kinetic energy. A formula which distinguishes between the case of accelerated charges in a vacuum, for which a Stokes-Einstein radius comes into play, and the case of accelerated macroscopic bodies, for which the quantum potential term vanishes. In this way, incidentally, one obtains again correct results for the Pioneer 10, confirming the role of vacuum's viscous force. This description of a quantum mechanism underlying the relativistic kinetic energy may be also helpful in constructing a theory of quantum relativity and might tell us more even about the interactions of matter with the Higgs field and the dark sector: two issues which can be themselves linked to a dilatant vacuum

Quantum gravity without gravitons in a superfluid quantum space.

This hypothesis starts from considering the physical vacuum as a superfluid quantum medium, that we call superfluid quantum space (SQS), close to the previous concepts of quantum vacuum, quantum foam, superfluid vacuum etc.[1, 2, 3] We usually believe that quantum vacuum is populated by an enormous amount of particles pairs (e.g. couples \mathrm{e^{-},\,e^{+}}) whose life is extremely short, in a continuous foaming of formation and annihilation. Here we move further and we hypothesize that these particles are superfluid symmetric vortices of space's quanta (SQ, for which we use the symbol \varsigma ), probably arising as perturbations of the SQS through a process similar to that of a Kármán vortex street. Because of superfluidity these vortices can have an indeterminately long life. Vorticity is interpreted as spin and if conflicting they cause destruction of the vortices, justifying matter-antimatter annihilation. SQS would be an ubiquitous superfluid sea of SQ, before being a foam of particles pairs. Due to its non-zero viscosity, these vortices attract the surrounding quanta, pressure decreases and the consequent incoming flow radially directed toward the center of the massive particle let arise a gravitational potential. This is called fluid quantum gravity, whose passive quantum is the SQ and the quantum potential is triggered by the spin of any massive particles. We don't need gravitons in this model. We immediately notice that such a fluid model perfectly matches Gauss's law for gravity and this has been indeed proven through CFD simulations. Once comparing fluid quantum gravity with general relativity, it is evident how a hydrodynamic gravity can fully account for the relativistic effects due to spacetime distortion, where the space curvature is substituted by flows of space's quanta in the SQS

Superfluid Quantum Space and Evolution of the Universe

We assume that dark energy and dark matter filling up the whole cosmic space behave as a special superfluid, here named “superfluid quantum space.” We analyze the relationship between intrinsic pressure of SQS (dark energy\u27s repulsive force) and gravity, described as an inflow of dark energy into massive particles, causing a negative pressure gradient around massive bodies. Since no superfluid has exact zero viscosity, we analyze the consequences of SQS’s viscosity on light propagation, and we show that a static Universe could be possible, by solving a modified Navier-Stokes equation. Indeed, Hubble’s law may actually refer to tired light, though described as energy loss due to SQS’s nonzero viscosity instead of Compton scattering, bypassing known historical problems concerning tired light. We see that SQS’s viscosity may also account for the Pioneer anomaly. Our evaluation gives a magnitude of the anomalous acceleration aP = −HΛc = −8.785°10−10 ms−2. Here, HΛ is the Hubble parameter loaded by the cosmological constant Λ. Furthermore, the vorticity equation stemming from the modified Navier-Stokes equation gives a solution for flat profile of the orbital speed of spiral galaxies and discloses what one might call a breathing of galaxies due to energy exchange between the galactic vortex and dark energy

Alpha [11C] Methyl-l-tryptophan positron emission tomography in epilepsy

Advances in positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have allowed the measurement and imaging of serotonin synthesis, transport and receptor binding in the living human brain. Both the imaging and pathological studies in patients with epilepsy, as well as studies derived from experimental models of epilepsy provide evidence that endogenous serotonin plays a significant role in epileptogenesis. This review summarizes the advances in alpha- Methyl tryptophan PET imaging in patients with different types of epilepsy.Advances in positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have allowed the measurement and imaging of serotonin synthesis, transport and receptor binding in the living human brain. Both the imaging and pathological studies in patients with epilepsy, as well as studies derived from experimental models of epilepsy provide evidence that endogenous serotonin plays a significant role in epileptogenesis. This review summarizes the advances in alpha-Methyl tryptophan PET imaging in patients with different types of epileps

Exclusive Substitutional Nitrogen Doping on Graphene Decoupled from an Insulating Substrate

The on-surface synthesis of atomically flat N-doped graphene on oxidized copper is presented. Besides circumventing the almost standard use of metallic substrates for growth, this method allows producing graphene with similar to 2.0 at % N in a substitutional configuration directly decoupled from the substrate. Angle-resolved photoemission shows a linear energy-momentum dispersion where the Dirac point lies at the Fermi level. Additionally, the N functional centers can be selectively tailored in sp(2) substitutional configuration by making use of a purpose-made molecular precursor: dicyanopyrazophenanthroline (C16H6N6).P.A. acknowledges the contribution of the CA COST Action no. CA15107 (MultiComp). M.C. and A.M.-A. acknowledge support of the Basque Science Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), POLYMAT, the University of the Basque Country (Grupo de Investigacion GIU17/054 and SGIker), Gobierno Vasco (BERC program), and Gobierno de Espana (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad CTQ2016-77970R). M.C. and A.M.-A. thank technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF). A.M.-A. acknowledges that this project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 722951)

CHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGY CHANGES AND DETECTION OF HDC GENE ON LONGTAIL TUNA Thunnus tonggol DURING CHILLING TEMPERATURE STORAGE

Histamin merupakan senyawa amin biologis yang dapat terbentuk dari histidin bebas dalam daging ikan pada fase post rigor. Laju pertumbuhan histamin dapat diperlambat dengan cara menjaga mutu ikan menggunakan suhu dingin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan lama waktu penyimpanan, perubahan kimia dan mikrobiologis ikan tongkol Thunnus tonggol serta waktu terdeteksinya gen hdc selama penyimpanan suhu 8±3°C. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan parameter perbedaan waktu penyimpanan ikan (1,2,3,4,5,6,7 hari) dan perbandingan es 1:1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan tongkol abu-abu mengalami kemunduran mutu selama 7 hari penyimpanan. Nilai organoleptik dan pH mengalami penurunan selama penyimpanan dan pada hari ketujuh ikan berada pada fase rigormortis. Nilai TVB dan TPC meningkat selama penyimpanan dan pada penyimpanan hari keenam sudah melewati batas aman untuk dikonsumsi. Kadar histamin pada hari ketujuh yaitu 1,96 ppm. DNA berhasil di-isolasi dan terdeteksi gen hdc, namun hasil amplifikasi belum efektif, sehingga diperlukan optimalisasi metode PCR. Profil protein yang terbentuk selama penyimpanan berdasarkan hasil SDS-PAGE mulai terpisah karena adanya aktivitas enzim katepsin.Histamine is a biogenic amine that appear during post moterm phase on the fish flesh that contain high content of histidine. The higher level of histamine can be reduced by good handling practice to maintain fish quality for example: using chilling temperature. This research aimed to determine chemical and microbiology changes from longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol and the time when hdc gene can be detected during chilling temperature storage 8±3°C. This research design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with parameters of differences in fish storage time (1,2,3,4,5,6,7 days) and ice ratio 1:1. The results showed that the tuna fish experienced quality deterioration for 7 days of storage. Organoleptic values and pH decreased during storage and on the seventh day the fish were in the rigormortis phase. TVB and TPC values increased during storage and on the sixth day storage has passed the safe limit for consumption. Histamine levels of this tuna on the seventh day were 1.96 ppm. HDc gene detection using the PCR method showed negative results in each treatment. The protein profile that was formed during storage displayed to separate because of the cathepsin activity

Effects of initial-state dynamics on collective flow within a coupled transport and viscous hydrodynamic approach

We evaluate the effects of preequilibrium dynamics on observables in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We simulate the initial nonequilibrium phase within A MultiPhase Transport (AMPT) model, while the subsequent near-equilibrium evolution is modeled using (2+1)-dimensional relativistic viscous hydrodynamics. We match the two stages of evolution carefully by calculating the full energy-momentum tensor from AMPT and using it as input for the hydrodynamic evolution. We find that when the preequilibrium evolution is taken into account, final-state observables are insensitive to the switching time from AMPT to hydrodynamics. Unlike some earlier treatments of preequilibrium dynamics, we do not find the initial shear viscous tensor to be large. With a shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of $0.12$, our model describes quantitatively a large set of experimental data on Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) over a wide range of centrality: differential anisotropic flow $v_n(p_T) ~(n=2-6)$, event-plane correlations, correlation between $v_2$ and $v_3$, and cumulant ratio $v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$.Comment: 10 pages, v2: minor revisio