25 research outputs found
Implementation of a land use and spatial interaction model based on random utility choices and social accounting matrices
Random utility modelling has been established as one of the main paradigms for the implementation of land use and transport interaction (LUTI) models. Despite widespread application of such models, the respective literature provides relatively little detail on the theoretical consistency of the overall formal framework of the random utility based LUTI models. To address this gap, we present a detailed formal description of a generic land use and spatial interaction model that adheres to the random utility paradigm through the explicit distinction between utility and cost across all processes that imply behaviour of agents. The model is rooted in an extended input-output table, with the workforce and households accounts being disaggregated by socio-economic type. Similarly, the land account is broken down by domestic and non-domestic land use types. The model is developed around two processes. Firstly, the generation of demand for inputs required by established production; the estimation of the level of demand between sectors, households and land use types is supported by social accounting techniques. When appropriate the implicit production functions are assumed depended on costs of inputs, which gives rise to price-elastic demands. Secondly, the spatial assignment of demanded inputs (industrial activity, workforce, land) to locations of production; here sequences of decisions are used to distribute demand (both spatially and, when necessary, a-spatially) and to propagate costs and utilities of production and consumption that emerge from imbalances between supply and demand. The implementation of this generic model is discussed in relation to the case of the Greater South East region of the UK, including London, the South East and the East of England. We present the calibration process, data requirements, necessary assumptions and resulting implications. We discuss outputs under various land use strategies and economic scenarios, such as regulated versus competing land uses, constrained versus unconstrained densities, and high versus low economic and population growth rates. By adjusting the design constraints of the spatial planning and infrastructure supply strategies we aim to improve their sustainability.
Sustainable cities
It is commonly asserted that so-called compact development is the urban form most able to
sustainably accommodate growth by reducing travel distances and conserving land, but credible
supportive evidence remains limited.
This study rigorously and realistically tested the relative performance of spatial options over the
next 30 years for three distinct kinds of English city regions. Statistical models first forecast the
behavior of people within interacting markets for land and transport. These outputs were then
fed to established simulation models to generate 26 indicators measuring the economic
efficiency, resource use, social and environmental impact of the spatial options. This permitted
an explicit comparison of the costs and benefits of compact against sprawling urban forms for
these regions.
While the prototypes - i.e. Compaction, Market led development (sprawl), Planned expansion
(edge expansion and/or new towns) - were indeed found to differ in their sustainability, no one
form was clearly superior. Rather the change to âwhite collarâ lifestyles and associated
population growth dominates the impacts on the natural environment and resources, far
overwhelming those attributable to spatial urban form.Peer Reviewe
El Barraquismo de Montjuic
Postprint (published version