Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Pontederiaceae

O estudo da família Pontederiaceae é parte do levantamento da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Essa família está representada na área pelo gênero Pontederia, com apenas uma espécie, P. cordata. São apresentadas descrição e ilustrações da espécie, além de comentários sobre sua distribuição geográfica, fenologia e variabilidade morfológica.The study of the family Pontederiaceae is part of the project"Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil". In the area, the family is represented by the genus Pontederia, with only one species, P. cordata. A description and illustrations, as well as comments on the geographic distribution, phenology and morphological variability of the species are presented

Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Herreriaceae

O estudo da família Herreriaceae é parte do levantamento da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Essa família está representada na área pelo gênero Herreria, com apenas uma espécie, H. interrupta. São apresentadas descrição e ilustrações da espécie, além de comentários sobresua distribuição geográfica, fenologia e variabilidade.The study of the family Herreriaceae is part of the project of"Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil". In that area Herreria represents the family with only one species, Herreria interrupta. Description and illustrations, as well as comments on the geographic distribution, phenology andvariability of the species are provided

Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Potamogetonaceae

The study of the family Potamogetonaceae is part of the project"Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil". In the area, the family is represented by the genus Potamogeton, with only one species, P. sclerocarpus. A description and illustrations, as well as comments on the geographic distribution of the species are presented.O estudo da família Potamogetonaceae é parte do levantamento da Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Essa família está representada na área pelo gênero Potamogeton, com apenas uma espécie, P. sclerocarpus. São apresentadas descrição e ilustrações da espécie, além de comentários sobre sua distribuição geográfica

Redefinition of Stachytarpheta sprucei (Verbenaceae) reveals a remarkable geographic disjunction in tropical forests of South America

Stachytarpheta is the second largest genus of Verbenaceae, mainly distributed in xeric habitats of South America. The morphological revision of South American specimens clarified the taxonomic identity of three previously accepted species from informal group Gesnerioides: S. sprucei (from the Amazon Forest domain), S. alata, and S. tomentosa (from the Atlantic Forest domain). A new taxonomic arrangement is proposed here, with the synonymization of S. alata and S. tomentosa under S. sprucei. Consequently, the newly circumscribed S. sprucei evidences a remarkable geographic disjunction, with populations separated by the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco domains (the South American dry diagonal). It inhabits inselbergs, tepuis, and savannas in the Amazon Forest domain, and top of inselbergs surrounded by forest in the Atlantic Forest domain. A detailed species description, taxonomic comments, a geographic distribution map, photos of living specimens, and an identification key to the species from the Gesnerioides group are included.Fil: Cardoso, Pedro Henrique. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: O'Leary, Nataly Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Neto, Luiz Menini. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Trovó, Marcelo. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; Brasi

New occurrences of Paepalanthus mollis Kunth var. mollis: extending the distribution of Paepalanthus subg. Xeractis Körn. (Eriocaulaceae) outside the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Paepalanthus mollis var. mollis is placed in Paepalanthus subg. Xeractis (Eriocaulaceae) and, until now, it was considered endemic to the campos rupestres of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We report here the new occurrences of this species from the municipalities of Carrancas and Minduri, at the southern part of the mountain complex of Bocaina and Carrancas. These specimens confirm the occurrence of this species and the subgenus outside the Espinhaço Range. These occurrences are also the southernmost sites of geographic distribution of the group

A família Eriocaulaceae no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil

In Brazil, Eriocaulaceae comprise ca. 600 species and nine genera. Most of the taxonomic and morphological diversity center is concentrated in the campos rupestres from the Espinhaço Range. The Ibitipoca State Park (PEIB) is located within the Mantiqueira complex and is composed of different vegetation types. The present study is the floristic treatment of Eriocaulaceae species occurring in the PEIB. Twenty-two species were found, sixteen of Paepalanthus, two of Comanthera, two of Syngonanthus, one of Leiothrix, and one of Eriocaulon. These species occur in various habitats, but are frequently found in open grass dominated formations. An identification key, line drawings, descriptions, besides comments on morphological variation and geographical distribution are provided. Two new synonyms are proposed: Paepalanthus ibitipocencis Silveira = P. calvus Körn. e Paepalanthus orthoblepharus Silveira = P. henriquei Silveira & Ruhland.No Brasil, Eriocaulaceae compreende cerca de 600 espécies e nove gêneros. O principal centro de diversidade da família está nos campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaço. Adjacente a este centro, o Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (PEIB) está inserido no complexo da Mantiqueira e é formado por um mosaico de formações campestres e florestais. O trabalho aqui apresentado traz o tratamento taxonômico das Eriocaulaceae ocorrentes no PEIB. Foram registradas 22 espécies, sendo 16 de Paepalanthus, duas de Comanthera, duas de Syngonanthus, uma de Leiothrix e uma de Eriocaulon. As espécies ocorrem em diversos ambientes, porém são mais frequentes nas áreas campestres. São apresentadas ilustrações, descrições, chave de identificação e comentários sobre variação morfológica e distribuição geográfica dos táxons. São apresentados dois novos sinônimos: Paepalanthus ibitipocencis Silveira = P. calvus Körn. e Paepalanthus orthoblepharus Silveira = P. henriquei Silveira & Ruhland

Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Eriocaulaceae

Apresenta-se o tratamento taxonômico de Tillan­dsioideae (Bromeliaceae) para o projeto “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil”. A subfamília está representada na área de estudo por quatro gêneros e 24 espécies: Cnecpvctgc (2 espécies), Tcekpcgc (1 espécie), Vknncpfukc (9 espécies) e Xtkgugc (12 espécies). São apresentadas chaves para gêneros e espécies, descrições e ilustrações, bem como comentários sobre a taxonomia, distribuição geográfica e fenologia. Propõe-se a sinonimização de Xtkgugc"oqpceqtwo"L.B.Sm. sob X0"uejycemgcpc"Mez."Cnecpvctgc"jcvuejdcejkk"é redescoberta

Nomenclatural and taxonomic novelties in Eriocaulaceae from the states of Rio \ud de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, Brazil

Paepalanthus and Syngonanthus are the largest genera of the Neotropical Eriocaulaceae, and both present many \ud taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. Based on field observations and detailed analysis of type collections, we suggest \ud nomenclatural and taxonomic changes to solve the problems regarding six species occurring in Rio de Janeiro and Santa \ud Catarina. We propose species status (i.e., P. kleinii) for Paepalanthus leiseringii var. kleinii and five taxa are newly \ud synonymized: P. bradei (=P. macaheensis), P. gounelleanus (=P. pseudotortilis), P. tortilis var. glaberrimus (= P. tortilis), \ud S. caulescens var. angustifolius (=S. caulescens), and S. caulescens var. proliferus (=S. caulescens). We provide \ud comments on morphology and citation of type collections for all taxa. For Paepalanthus leiseringii var. kleinii we also \ud provide illustrations and a protologue.We would like to thank the curators of the herbaria B, C, G, HB, K, OXF, P, R, RB, UPS and US for access to their Eriocaulaceae collections. We are especially indebted to Dr. Robert Vogt, curator of B herbarium, for the loan of specimens. Financial support was provided to M. Trovó by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, UFRJ (ALV 2013), FAPERJ (E-26/112.476 – INST; E-26/110.031/2011 – BIOTA), CNPq (proc. 470349/2013-1), to L. Echternacht by FAPESP (proc. 08/54886-1) and CAPES, and to P.T. Sano by CNPq (proc. 307100/2009-0)

Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in vitro using an ethanolic extract from Euphorbia umbellata (Euphorbiaceae) latex

Euphorbia umbellata (E. umbellata) belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, popularly known as Janauba, and its latex contains a combination of phorbol esters with biological activities described to different cellular protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Here, we identified deoxi-phorbol esters present in E. umbellata latex alcoholic extract that are able to increase HIV transcription and reactivate virus from latency models. This activity is probably mediated by NF-kB activation followed by nuclear translocation and binding to the HIV LTR promoter. In addition, E. umbellata latex extract induced the production of pro inflammatory cytokines in vitro in human PBMC cultures. This latex extract also activates latent virus in human PBMCs isolated from HIV positive patients as well as latent SIV in non-human primate primary CD4+ T lymphocytes. Together, these results indicate that the phorbol esters present in E. umbellata latex are promising candidate compounds for future clinical trials for shock and kill therapies to promote HIV cure and eradication.Research and experimental expenses were funded by the grant E26/2015064289 from FAPERJinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Filogenia molecular, morfologia e suas implicações para a taxonomia de Eriocaulaceae

The pantropical family Eriocaulaceae includes ten genera and c. 1,400 species, with diversity concentrated in the New World. The last complete revision of the family was published more than 100 years ago, and until recently the generic and infrageneric relationships were poorly resolved. However, a multi-disciplinary approach over the last 30 years, using morphological and anatomical characters, has been supplemented with additional data from palynology, chemistry, embryology, population genetics, cytology and, more recently, molecular phylogenetic studies. This led to a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships within the family. In this paper we present new data for the ITS and trnL-F regions, analysed separately and in combination, using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The data confirm previous results, and show that many characters traditionally used for differentiating and circumscribing the genera within the family are homoplasious. A new generic key with characters from various sources and reflecting the current taxonomic changes is presented