1,749 research outputs found
Effect of the explicit flexibility of the InhA enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in molecular docking simulations
Background: Protein/receptor explicit flexibility has recently become an important feature of molecular docking
simulations. Taking the flexibility into account brings the docking simulation closer to the receptors’ real behaviour
in its natural environment. Several approaches have been developed to address this problem. Among them,
modelling the full flexibility as an ensemble of snapshots derived from a molecular dynamics simulation (MD) of
the receptor has proved very promising. Despite its potential, however, only a few studies have employed this
method to probe its effect in molecular docking simulations. We hereby use ensembles of snapshots obtained
from three different MD simulations of the InhA enzyme from M. tuberculosis (Mtb), the wild-type (InhA_wt),
InhA_I16T, and InhA_I21V mutants to model their explicit flexibility, and to systematically explore their effect in
docking simulations with three different InhA inhibitors, namely, ethionamide (ETH), triclosan (TCL), and pentacyano
(isoniazid)ferrate(II) (PIF).
Results: The use of fully-flexible receptor (FFR) models of InhA_wt, InhA_I16T, and InhA_I21V mutants in docking
simulation with the inhibitors ETH, TCL, and PIF revealed significant differences in the way they interact as
compared to the rigid, InhA crystal structure (PDB ID: 1ENY). In the latter, only up to five receptor residues interact
with the three different ligands. Conversely, in the FFR models this number grows up to an astonishing 80
different residues. The comparison between the rigid crystal structure and the FFR models showed that the
inclusion of explicit flexibility, despite the limitations of the FFR models employed in this study, accounts in a
substantial manner to the induced fit expected when a protein/receptor and ligand approach each other to
interact in the most favourable manner.
Conclusions: Protein/receptor explicit flexibility, or FFR models, represented as an ensemble of MD simulation
snapshots, can lead to a more realistic representation of the induced fit effect expected in the encounter and
proper docking of receptors to ligands. The FFR models of InhA explicitly characterizes the overall movements of
the amino acid residues in helices, strands, loops, and turns, allowing the ligand to properly accommodate itself in
the receptor’s binding site. Utilization of the intrinsic flexibility of Mtb’s InhA enzyme and its mutants in virtual
screening via molecular docking simulation may provide a novel platform to guide the rational or dynamicalstructure-based
drug design of novel inhibitors for Mtb’s InhA. We have produced a short video sequence of each ligand (ETH, TCL and PIF) docked to the FFR models of InhA_wt. These videos are available at http://www.inf.pucrs.
br/~osmarns/LABIO/Videos_Cohen_et_al_19_07_2011.htm
In vitro determination of extracellular proteins from xylella fastidiosa
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa causes economic losses in important agricultural crops. Xylem vessel occlusion caused by biofilm formation is the major mechanism underlying the pathogenicity of distinct strains of X. fastidiosa. Here, we provide a detailed in vitro characterization of the extracellular proteins of X. fastidiosa. Based on the results, we performed a comparison with a strain J1a12, which cannot induce citrus variegated chlorosis symptoms when inoculated into citrus plants. We then extend this approach to analyze the extracellular proteins of X. fastidiosa in media supplemented with calcium. We verified increases in extracellular proteins concomitant with the days of growth and, consequently, biofilm development (330 days). Outer membrane vesicles carrying toxins were identified beginning at 10 days of growth in the 9a5c strain. In addition, a decrease in extracellular proteins in media supplemented with calcium was observed in both strains. Using mass spectrometry, 71 different proteins were identified during 30 days of X. fastidiosa biofilm development, including proteases, quorum-sensing proteins, biofilm formation proteins, hypothetical proteins, phage-related proteins, chaperones, toxins, antitoxins, and extracellular vesicle membrane components.The phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa causes economic losses in important agricultural crops. Xylem vessel occlusion caused by biofilm formation is the major mechanism underlying the pathogenicity of distinct strains of X. fastidiosa. Here, we provide a de7Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2001/07533-7, 2012/51580-4]Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, Computational Biology Program)CAPESFAPESP [2011/50268-4]CAPES (Computational Biology Program)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq
Effective Action for QED with Fermion Self-Interaction in D=2 and D=3 Dimensions
In this work we discuss the effect of the quartic fermion self-interaction of
Thirring type in QED in D=2 and D=3 dimensions. This is done through the
computation of the effective action up to quadratic terms in the photon field.
We analyze the corresponding nonlocal photon propagators nonperturbatively in %
\frac{k}{m}, where k is the photon momentum and m the fermion mass. The poles
of the propagators were determined numerically by using the Mathematica
software. In D=2 there is always a massless pole whereas for strong enough
Thirring coupling a massive pole may appear . For D=3 there are three regions
in parameters space. We may have one or two massive poles or even no pole at
all. The inter-quark static potential is computed analytically in D=2. We
notice that the Thirring interaction contributes with a screening term to the
confining linear potential of massive QED_{2}. In D=3 the static potential must
be calculated numerically. The screening nature of the massive QED
prevails at any distance, indicating that this is a universal feature of % D=3
electromagnetic interaction. Our results become exact for an infinite number of
fermion flavors.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, 3 figure
Perilipin regulates the thermogenic actions of norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue
In response to cold, norepinephrine (NE)-induced triacylglycerol hydrolysis (lipolysis) in adipocytes of brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides fatty acid substrates to mitochondria for heat generation (adaptive thermogenesis). NE-induced lipolysis is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of perilipin, a lipid droplet-associated protein that is the major regulator of lipolysis. We investigated the role of perilipin PKA phosphorylation in BAT NE-stimulated thermogenesis using a novel mouse model in which a mutant form of perilipin, lacking all six PKA phosphorylation sites, is expressed in adipocytes of perilipin knockout (Peri KO) mice. Here, we show that despite a normal mitochondrial respiratory capacity, NE-induced lipolysis is abrogated in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of these mice. This lipolytic constraint is accompanied by a dramatic blunting (∼70%) of the in vivo thermal response to NE. Thus, in the presence of perilipin, PKA-mediated perilipin phosphorylation is essential for NE-dependent lipolysis and full adaptive thermogenesis in BAT. In IBAT of Peri KO mice, increased basal lipolysis attributable to the absence of perilipin is sufficient to support a rapid NE-stimulated temperature increase (∼3.0°C) comparable to that in wild-type mice. This observation suggests that one or more NE-dependent mechanism downstream of perilipin phosphorylation is required to initiate and/or sustain the IBAT thermal response
Quadratic Effective Action for QED in D=2,3 Dimensions
We calculate the effective action for Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) in D=2,3
dimensions at the quadratic approximation in the gauge fields. We analyse the
analytic structure of the corresponding nonlocal boson propagators
nonperturbatively in k/m. In two dimensions for any nonzero fermion mass, we
end up with one massless pole for the gauge boson . We also calculate in D=2
the effective potential between two static charges separated by a distance L
and find it to be a linearly increasing function of L in agreement with the
bosonized theory (massive Sine-Gordon model). In three dimensions we find
nonperturbatively in k/m one massive pole in the effective bosonic action
leading to screening. Fitting the numerical results we derive a simple
expression for the functional dependence of the boson mass upon the
dimensionless parameter e^{2}/m .Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Development of microsprinkler prototypes through rapid prototyping and mechanical lathing
Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, construir protótipos de microaspersores, com boa uniformidade de distribuição para irrigações com sobreposição em hortas agrícolas, utilizando-se os processos de prototipagem rápida e torneamento mecânico. O estudo foi conduzido na ESALQ/USP e no Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer (CTI). Utilizou-se o coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen na avaliação do desempenho dos emissores. O PVC e o tecnyl foram os materiais que apresentaram mais facilidade na construção dos protótipos no processo de torneamento mecânico, porém o PVC foi o escolhido devido ao melhor acabamento. Os protótipos construídos com torneamento mecânico apresentaram resultados satisfatórios ressaltando tratar-se de um processo bastante artesanal e laborioso; já com a prototipagem rápida se construíram protótipos com melhores acabamentos e mais rapidez. A utilização da prototipagem rápida no desenvolvimento de equipamentos de irrigação é algo totalmente inovador e de caráter pioneiro, além de uma ferramenta de grande utilidade na área de inovação de produtos no setor de Engenharia Agrícola.The present study had the objective of developing prototypes of microsprinkler with good distribution uniformity to irrigate with overlap in vegetable crops, by rapid prototyping and mechanic tournament. The work was carried out in the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and in the Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer (CTI). Two processes were tested in the development of the microsprinkler prototypes rapid prototype and mechanical lathing. Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient was used as indicator to evaluate the distribution uniformity. Among the tested materials, the PVC and the technyl showed more facility in the prototype development in the mechanical lathing process, however, the PVC was chosen due to better finishing. The prototypes built by mechanical lathing showed satisfactory results, but were hard work and handmade. On the other hand, with the rapid prototyping, prototypes were built with better finishing and were quicker. The utilization of rapid prototyping in the development of irrigation devices is something completely innovative and pioneering, besides being a tool of great utility in the product innovation in the Agricultural Engineering sector.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pelo apoio financeiro a esta pesquisa, através do Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Engenharia da Irrigação (INCTEI
Physics informed neural networks learning a two-qubit Hamiltonian
Machine learning techniques are employed to perform the full characterization
of a quantum system. The particular artificial intelligence technique used to
learn the Hamiltonian is called physics informed neural network (PINN). The
idea behind PINN is the universal approximation theorem, which claims that any
function can be approximate by a neural network if it contains enough
complexity. Consequently, a neural network can be a solution of a physical
model. Moreover, by means of extra data provided by the user, intrinsic
physical parameters can be extracted from the approach called inverse-PINN.
Here, we apply inverse-PINN with the goal of extracting all the physical
parameters that constitutes a two qubit Hamiltonian. We find that this approach
is very efficient. To probe the robustness of the inverse-PINN to learn the
Hamiltonian of a two-qubit system, we use the IBM quantum computers as
experimental platforms to obtain the data that is plugged in the PINN. We found
that our method is able to predict the two-qubit parameters with 5% of accuracy
on average.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
The Borborema Pegmatite Province, NE-Brazil revisited
Considering the internal structure, mineralogical distribution and geochemical data on K-feldspar, white micas, Nb-Taoxides, tourmalines, garnet and spinel, it becomes clear that the pegmatites classified as "heterogeneous" (Johnston 1945) include examples of several types and subtypes of LCT family, Rare Element Class pegmatites if the modern pegmatite classification models of Černý & Ercit 2005 are applied: at least examples of the beryl-columbite, beryl-columbite-phosphate and complex-spodumene,complex-lepidolite (±gemmologic elbaite)and albite (± cassiterite) pegmatite types and subtypes were ntatively identified. The impossibility to determine a granitelinked zoned regional distribution of these types may be the result of the fact that there is no single central source pluton but several smaller granitic intrusions in the province and the zoning around them may overlap each other
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