Comparison between highly toxic Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus strains against Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva 1912 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) larvae

The effects of standardized concentrated spores and crystals suspensions of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus against 3rd instar larvae of Lutzomyia longipalpis were recorded by means of qualitative bioassays. The experiments showed a significant difference on mortality and moulting delay between the entomopathogenic bacilli strains tested (p < 0.001). B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis LFB-Fiocruz 584 (a clone of IPS-82) was active against insect larvae assayed (62.5% ± 14.2 of mortality), however, no significant effect was observed with B. sphaericus LFBFiocruz 736 (a clone of strain 2362). The data reinforce the suggestion that B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis should be considered for further evaluation as a potential agent against L. longipalpis larvae. Key words: Bacillus, Lutzomyia longipalpis, control, bioassays.The effects of standardized concentrated spores and crystals suspensions of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus against 3rd instar larvae of Lutzomyia longipalpis were recorded by means of qualitative bioassays. The experiments showed a significant difference on mortality and moulting delay between the entomopathogenic bacilli strains tested (p < 0.001). B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis LFB-Fiocruz 584 (a clone of IPS-82) was active against insect larvae assayed (62.5% ± 14.2 of mortality), however, no significant effect was observed with B. sphaericus LFBFiocruz 736 (a clone of strain 2362). The data reinforce the suggestion that B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis should be considered for further evaluation as a potential agent against L. longipalpis larvae. Key words: Bacillus, Lutzomyia longipalpis, control, bioassays

Standardization of the face-hand test in a Brazilian multicultural population: prevalence of sensory extinction and implications for neurological diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: The face-hand test is a simple, practical, and rapid test to detect neurological syndromes. However, it has not previously been assessed in a Brazilian sample; therefore, the objective of the present study was to standardize the face-hand test for use in the multi-cultural population of Brazil and identify the sociodemographic factors affecting the results. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of 150 individuals. The sociodemographic variables that were collected included age, gender, race, body mass index and years of education. Standardization of the face-hand test occurred in 2 rounds of 10 sensory stimuli, with the participant seated to support the trunk and their vision obstructed in a sound-controlled environment. The face-hand test was conducted by applying 2 rounds of 10 sensory stimuli that were applied to the face and hand simultaneously. The associations between the face-hand test and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman correlations. Binomial models were adjusted for the number of face-hand test variations, and ROC curves evaluated sensitivity and specificity of sensory extinction. RESULTS: There was no significant relationship between the sociodemographic variables and the number of stimuli perceived for the face-hand test. There was a high relative frequency of detection, 8 out of 10 stimuli, in this population. Sensory extinction was 25.3%, which increased with increasing age (OR=1.4[1:01–1:07]; p=0.006) and decreased significantly with increasing education (OR=0.82[0.71-0.94]; p=0.005). CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian population, a normal face-hand test score ranges between 8–10 stimuli, and the results indicate that sensory extinction is associated with increased age and lower levels of education

Diversificação do treinamento em organizações contábeis: uma análise empírica utilizando modelos de contagem

This paper aims to test hypotheses on the influence of organizational characteristics on the diversification of training activities occasionally practiced by those businesses which supply professional accounting services. As empirical support, a convenient sample was used, generated in the state of Rio de Janeiro through the answers of 531 organizations to a postal questionnaire consisting of 38 questions of varying types. Of these questions, those most closely related to the offer of training opportunities to employees were explored. Utilizing the specification and estimation of two multiple regression models, it was possible to identify that the diversity of training is positively associated with the number of employees, with innovative activity, with the diversity of services being offered, and with another two variables representing market awareness, but not with the age nor location of the organization. These results are of interest not only for the programming of training activities by internal managers, assisting them in anticipating demands or to taking advantage of opportunities, but also to organizations, both public and private, that supply such programs, including professional councils.Este trabajo tiene por objetivo testar hipótesis acerca de la influencia de características de organización sobre la diversificación de las actividades de entrenamiento eventualmente practicadas por la empresa prestadora de servicios profesionales contables. Como soporte empírico fue utilizada una muestra de conveniencia, generada en el estado de Rio de Janeiro a partir de la respuesta de 531 organizaciones a un cuestionario postal conteniendo 38 cuestiones de diversos tipos. De estas cuestiones, fueron explotadas las más directamente relacionadas a la oferta de oportunidades de entrenamiento a los empleados. Utilizando la especificación y estimación de dos modelos de regresión múltiple, fue posible encontrar que la diversidad del entrenamiento está positivamente asociada al número de empleados, a la actividad innovadora, a la diversidad de los servicios ofertados y a dos variables representando atención al mercado, pero no a la edad, ni a la localización de la organización. Esos resultados interesan no solamente a la programación de entrenamiento por los gestores internos, ayudándolos a anticipar demandas o aprovechar oportunidades, sino también a organizaciones que proporcionen tales programas, tanto privadas, como públicas, incluyendo consejos profesionales.Este trabalho tem por objetivo testar hipóteses acerca da influência de características organizacionais sobre a diversificação das atividades de treinamento eventualmente praticadas por empresas prestadoras de serviços profissionais contábeis. Como suporte empírico, foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência gerada no estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir da resposta de 531 organizações a um questionário postal contendo 38 questões de diversos tipos. Dessas questões, foram exploradas as mais diretamente relacionadas à oferta de oportunidades de treinamento aos empregados. Utilizando a especificação e estimação de dois modelos de regressão múltipla, foi possível encontrar que a diversidade do treinamento está positivamente associada ao número de empregados, à atividade inovadora, à diversidade dos serviços ofertados e a duas variáveis representando atenção ao mercado, mas não se vincula à idade nem à localização da organização. Esses resultados interessam não somente à programação de treinamento pelos gestores internos, ajudando-os a antecipar demandas ou aproveitar oportunidades, mas também a organizações que forneçam tais programas, tanto privadas quanto públicas, incluindo conselhos profissionais

Monitoramento e baseline da resistência de capim-amargoso ao herbicida glifosato nas principais regiões produtoras de soja no Brasil

Frequent application of glyphosate for consecutive years has enhanced the selection pressure on sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) populations, which resulted in the development of glyphosate-resistant biotypes. Therefore, this work was developed with the objective of monitoring sourgrass resistance to glyphosate, develop a baseline of sourgrass susceptibility to this molecule and, consequently, identify the discriminatory dose between resistant and susceptible populations.  This work was divided into three steps. The first step consisted of identifying and sorting sourgrass resistant and susceptible biotypes among 30 samples. In the second step, glyphosate baseline was elaborated considering exclusively the glyphosate-susceptible biotypes, which allowed the definition of a discriminatory dose. At the end, the third step, monitoring of glyphosate-resistant biotypes was achieved, considering five growing seasons (2016 – 2020) and 809 samples of sourgrass populations, collected throughout 12 states of Brazil.  Glyphosate baseline was elaborated to sourgrass and ideal discriminatory rate was identified as 960 g ha-1. Glyphosate-resistant populations of sourgrass were found in all soybean growing regions sampled. Among 809 populations, 25.96% were considered resistant to glyphosate. The states with the highest frequency of glyphosate-resistant populations were Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bahia, Mato Grosso and Paraná.  Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de monitorar a resistência de capim-amargoso ao herbicida glyphosate desenvolver uma baseline de suscetibilidade da espécie e, por consequência, identificar a dose discriminatória de glifosato entre populações resistentes e suscetíveis de capim-amargoso.  Todo o trabalho foi dividido em três fases.  A primeira fase consistiu da análise de 30 amostras de capim-amargoso, identificando-as e classificando-as em resistentes ou suscetíveis. Na segunda fase, foi elaborada uma baseline para suscetibilidade do capim-amargoso ao herbicida glyphosate, o que permitiu a definição de uma dose discriminatória.  Ao final, na terceira fase, obteve-se o monitoramento dos biótipos de capim-amargoso quanto à resistência, considerando-se cinco safras (2016 – 2020) e 809 amostras de capim-amargoso, oriundas de 12 estados brasileiros. Assim sendo, a baseline de suscetibilidade de capim-amargoso ao glyphosate foi estimada, cuja dose discriminatória ideal foi de 960 g ha-1. Populações de capim-amargoso resistentes ao glyphosate foram encontradas em todas as regiões produtoras de soja amostradas.  Dentre 809 populações, 25,96% foram consideradas resistentes ao glyphosate. Os estados com maior frequência de populações resistentes foram: Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bahia, Mato Grosso e Paraná.

Comparison between highly toxic Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus strains against Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva 1912 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) larvae

The effects of standardized concentrated spores and crystals suspensions of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus against 3rd instar larvae of Lutzomyia longipalpis were recorded by means of qualitative bioassays. The experiments showed a significant difference on mortality and moulting delay between the entomopathogenic bacilli strains tested (p < 0.001). B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis LFB-Fiocruz 584 (a clone of IPS-82) was active against insect larvae assayed (62.5% ± 14.2 of mortality), however, no significant effect was observed with B. sphaericus LFBFiocruz 736 (a clone of strain 2362). The data reinforce the suggestion that B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis should be considered for further evaluation as a potential agent against L. longipalpis larvae. Key words: Bacillus, Lutzomyia longipalpis, control, bioassays.The effects of standardized concentrated spores and crystals suspensions of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus against 3rd instar larvae of Lutzomyia longipalpis were recorded by means of qualitative bioassays. The experiments showed a significant difference on mortality and moulting delay between the entomopathogenic bacilli strains tested (p < 0.001). B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis LFB-Fiocruz 584 (a clone of IPS-82) was active against insect larvae assayed (62.5% ± 14.2 of mortality), however, no significant effect was observed with B. sphaericus LFBFiocruz 736 (a clone of strain 2362). The data reinforce the suggestion that B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis should be considered for further evaluation as a potential agent against L. longipalpis larvae. Key words: Bacillus, Lutzomyia longipalpis, control, bioassays

Unilateral spatial neglect in the acute phase of ischemic stroke can predict long-term disability and functional capacity

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the degree of unilateral spatial neglect during the acute phase of stroke and long-term functional independence. METHODS: This was a prospective study of right ischemic stroke patients in which the independent variable was the degree of spatial neglect and the outcome that was measured was functional independence. The potential confounding factors included sex, age, stroke severity, topography of the lesion, risk factors, glycemia and the treatment received. Unilateral spatial neglect was measured using the line cancellation test, the star cancellation test and the line bisection test within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Functional independence was measured using the modified Rankin and Barthel scales at 90 days after discharge. The relationship between unilateral spatial neglect and functional independence was analyzed using multiple logistic regression that was corrected for confounding factors. RESULTS: We studied 60 patients with a median age of 68 (34-89) years, 52% of whom were male and 74% of whom were Caucasian. The risk for moderate to severe disability increased with increasing star cancellation test scores (OR=1.14 [1.03-1.26], p=0.01) corrected for the stroke severity, which was a confounding factor that had a statistically positive association with disability (OR=1.63 [1.13-2.65], p=0.01). The best chance of functional independence decreased with increasing star cancellation test scores (OR=0.86 [0.78-0.96], p=0.006) corrected for the stroke severity, which was a confounding factor that had a statistically negative association with independence (OR=0.66 [0.48-0.92], p=0.017). CONCLUSION: The severity of unilateral spatial neglect in acute stroke worsens the degree of long-term disability and functional independence

Características termorreguladoras de ovinos da raça Dorper criados em condições climáticas de Meio-Norte do Brasil / Thermoregulatory characteristics of Dorper sheep reared in climatic conditions in the Mid-North region of Brazil

O objetivo com esse estudo foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas de ovinos da raça Dorper criados em condições climáticas de Meio-Norte do Brasil. Para isso, foram utilizadas 12 fêmeas em idade adulta com peso de 35,00±5,00 kg distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos compostos por diferentes horários do dia, e 12 repetições por tratamento. Foram mensurados os parâmetros fisiológicos, frequência respiratória (FR), frequência cardíaca (FC), temperatura retal (TR) e temperatura superficial média (TSM) dos animais e as variáveis climáticas, temperatura (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (UA). O índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade (ITGU) foi calculado usando os valores da temperatura do termômetro de globo negro e do ponto de orvalho. A análise revelou efeito de horário do dia (P<0,05) para as variáveis climáticas, o ITGU e os parâmetros fisiológicos estudados. Os animais apresentaram nos horários das 11:00 às 11:30 h e das 14:30 às 15:00 h as maiores médias para o parâmetro TSM. Mas, não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os horários do dia para os parâmetros FR e FC. Os animais criados nas condições climáticas de Meio-Norte do Brasil conseguiram manter a temperatura corporal dentro do limite basal médio em detrimento do aumento das frequências respiratória e cardíaca