Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Papel das citocinas proliferativas TGF-β e VEGF no derrame pleural pσs-revascularização do miocárdio The proliferative cytokines TGF-β and VEGF in pleural effusions post-coronary artery bypass graft

A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio envolve o acometimento, tanto do pericárdio como da pleura, conduzindo ao favorecimento de processos inflamatórios responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de derrames nestes compartimentos. Objectivo: Estudar o comportamento das citocinas proliferativas TGF-β (factor beta de transformaηão do crescimento) e VEGF (factor de crescimento do endotélio vascular) nos líquidos de 16 transudatos e de 43 derrames pleurais de doentes submetidos a cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio provenientes do Instituto de Coração e do Serviço de Pneumologia da Universidade do São Paulo nos intervalos de 2, 24 e 48 horas de pós-operatório. Resultados: O derrame pleural pós-revascularização do miocárdio é um exsudato mobilizador de TGF-β e VEGF no pós-operatório imediato. Os níveis de TGF-β apresentam-se elevados nas primeiras 2 horas para caírem progressivamente até se aproximarem dos valores dos transudatos ao fim de 48 horas, enquanto o VEGF se inicia com níveis elevados já nas primeiras 2 horas com tendência a aumento pelo menos até 48 horas de pós-operatório. Conclusões: O TGF-β parece comportar-se como elemento gatilho sobre a cιlula mesotelial pleural para a liberação de VEGF no desenvolvimento de derrame pleural nas cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio.Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries canimpact on the pericardium and pleural space, leading to inflammation which can cause effusion. Aim: To study the role of the proliferative cytokines TGF-β and VEGF in the fluids of 16 transudates and 43 pleural effusions of patients who underwent CABG at the Heart Unit and Pulmonology Unit of the University Hospital of São Paulo. Levels of cytokines were assessed 2, 24 and 48 hours post-surgery. Results: The pleural effusion after CABG is an exsudative mobilizer of TGF-β and VEGF cytokines immediately after surgery. The TGF-β concentrations were elevated 2 hours after surgery but started to fall soon after, reaching transudate levels after 48 hours. VEGF levels were high in the first 2 hours post surgery and tended to maintain the same concentrations for at least 48 hours after surgery. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, TGF-β is a cytokine that seems to work as a trigger, leading the pleural mesothelial cell to express VEGF a cause of pleural effusion in CABG surgeries

Papel das citocinas proliferativas TGF-β e VEGF no derrame pleural pós-revascularização do miocárdio

Resumo: A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio envolve o acometimento, tanto do pericárdio como da pleura, conduzindo ao favorecimento de processos inflamatórios responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de derrames nestes compartimentos.Objectivo: Estudar o comportamento das citocinas proliferativas TGF-β (factor beta de transformação do crescimento) e VEGF (factor de crescimento do endotélio vascular) nos líquidos de 16 transudatos e de 43 derrames pleurais de doentes submetidos a cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio provenientes do Instituto de Coração e do Serviço de Pneumologia da Universidade do São Paulo nos intervalos de 2, 24 e 48 horas de pós-operatório.Resultados: O derrame pleural pós-revascularização do miocárdio é um exsudato mobilizador de TGF-β e VEGF no pós-operatório imediato. Os níveis de TGF-β apresentam-se elevados nas primeiras 2 horas para caírem progressivamente até se aproximarem dos valores dos transudatos ao fim de 48 horas, enquanto o VEGF se inicia com níveis elevados já nas primeiras 2 horas com tendência a aumento pelo menos até 48 horas de pós-operatório.Conclusões: O TGF-β parece comportar-se como elemento gatilho sobre a célula mesotelial pleural para a liberação de VEGF no desenvolvimento de derrame pleural nas cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio.Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (4): 359-367 Abstract: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries can impact on the pericardium and pleural space, leading to inflammation which can cause effusion.Aim: To study the role of the proliferative cytokines TGF-β and VEGF in the fluids of 16 transudates and 43 pleural effusions of patients who underwent CABG at the Heart Unit and Pulmonology Unit of the University Hospital of São Paulo. Levels of cytokines were assessed 2, 24 and 48 hours post-surgery.Results: The pleural effusion after CABG is an exsudative mobilizer of TGF-β and VEGF cytokines immediately after surgery. The TGF-β concentrations were elevated 2 hours after surgery but started to fall soon after, reaching transudate levels after 48 hours. VEGF levels were high in the first 2 hours post surgery and tended to maintain the same concentrations for at least 48 hours after surgery.Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, TGF-β is a cytokine that seems to work as a trigger, leading the pleural mesothelial cell to express VEGF a cause of pleural effusion in CABG surgeries.Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (4): 359-367 Palavras-chave: Inflamação, citocinas, derrame pleural, revascularização do miocárdio, Key-words: Inflammation, cytokines, pleural effusions, coronary artery bypass graftin

Synthesis and Properties of New Molecule-Based Magnets Containing Mn(II), Cu(II) and Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical Cation

In this work, we describe the synthesis of two new copper(II) compounds, (Pr-Rad)2 [Cu(opba)].H2O (1) and (Bu-Rad)2[Cu(opba)].2H2O (2) where opba stands for ortho-phenylenebis(oxamato) and RRad+ are nitronyl nitroxide radical cations. From 1 and 2, two new molecule-based magnets [Pr-Rad]2[Mn2{Cu(opba)}3 ].3.3DMSO.5H2O (3) and [Bu-Rad]2 [Mn2{Cu(opba)}3].3DMSO.6H 2O (4) were obtained, respectively. The magnetic properties of precursors 1 and 2 show the presence of ferromagnetic interaction between the radical cations with copper(II), in the temperature range of 20-300 K. The magnets 3 and 4 exhibit spontaneous magnetization at critical temperatures, Tc, of 23 K and 24 K, respectively

Synthesis and Properties of New Molecule-Based Magnets Containing Mn(II), Cu(II) and Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical Cation

In this work, we describe the synthesis of two new copper(II) compounds, (Pr-Rad)2 [Cu(opba)].H2O (1) and (Bu-Rad)2[Cu(opba)].2H2O (2) where opba stands for ortho-phenylenebis(oxamato) and RRad+ are nitronyl nitroxide radical cations. From 1 and 2, two new molecule-based magnets [Pr-Rad]2[Mn2{Cu(opba)}3 ].3.3DMSO.5H2O (3) and [Bu-Rad]2 [Mn2{Cu(opba)}3].3DMSO.6H 2O (4) were obtained, respectively. The magnetic properties of precursors 1 and 2 show the presence of ferromagnetic interaction between the radical cations with copper(II), in the temperature range of 20-300 K. The magnets 3 and 4 exhibit spontaneous magnetization at critical temperatures, Tc, of 23 K and 24 K, respectively