IRAM-30m large scale survey of 12^{12}CO(2-1) and 13^{13}CO(2-1) emission in the Orion molecular cloud

Using the IRAM 30m telescope we have surveyed a $1\times0.8^{\circ}$ part of the Orion molecular cloud in the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO (2-1) lines with a maximal spatial resolution of $\sim$11" and spectral resolution of $\sim$ 0.4 km~s$^{-1}$. The cloud appears filamentary, clumpy and with a complex kinematical structure. We derive an estimated mass of the cloud of 7700 M$_{\text{Sun}}$ (half of which is found in regions with visual extinctions $A_V$ below $\sim$10) and a dynamical age for the nebula of the order of 0.2 Myrs. The energy balance suggests that magnetic fields play an important role in supporting the cloud, at large and small scales. According to our analysis, the turbulent kinetic energy in the molecular gas due to outflows is comparable to turbulent kinetic energy resulting from the interaction of the cloud with the HII region. This latter feedback appears negative, i.e. the triggering of star formation by the HII region is inefficient in Orion. The reduced data as well as additional products such as the column density map are made available online at http://userpages.irap.omp.eu/~oberne/Olivier_Berne/Data

The complex dust formation zone of the AGB star IRC+10216 probed with CARMA 0.25 arcsec angular resolution molecular observations

We present low spectral resolution molecular interferometric observations at 1.2 mm obtained with the Combined Array for Research in Millimetre-wave Astronomy (CARMA) towards the C-rich AGB star IRC+10216. We have mapped the emission of several lines of SiS, H13CN, SiO, and SiC2 in the ground and first excited vibrational states with a high angular resolution of 0.25 arcsec. These observations have allowed us to partially resolve the emission of the envelope at distances from the star <50 stellar radii (R*), where the stellar wind is mainly accelerated. The structure of the molecular emission has been modelled with a 3D radiation transfer code. The emission of line SiS(v=0,J=14-13) is best reproduced with a set of maser emitting arcs arranged between 5 and 20 R*. The abundance of H13CN with respect to H2 decreases from 8e-7 at 1-5 R* to 3e-7 at 20 R*. The SiO observations are explained with an abundance <2e-8 in the shell-like region between 1 and 5 R*. At this point, the SiO abundance sharply increases up to (2-3)e-7. The vibrational temperature of SiO increases by a factor of 2 due North-East between 20 and 50 R*. SiC2 is formed at the stellar surface with an abundance of 8e-7 decreasing down to 8e-8 at 20 R* probably due to depletion on to dust grains. Several asymmetries are found in the abundance distributions of H13CN, SiO, and SiC2 which define three remarkable directions (North-East, South-Southwest, and South-East) in the explored region of the envelope. There are some differences between the red- and blue-shifted emissions of these molecules suggesting the existence of additional asymmetries in their abundance distributions along the line-of-sight.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA

La nacionalización de YPF y las condiciones para una política energética autonómica en la Argentina

En el presente artículo proponemos una mirada relativa a la decisión por parte del gobierno argentino de nacionalizar las acciones pertenecientes a la empresa de capitales españoles, Repsol, sobre la principal empresa de hidrocarburos nacional, Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF). El caso es estudiado a partir de la teoría de la autonomía de Juan Carlos Puig. Comprendemos que la construcción de una política energética autonómica en el Siglo XXI estaría compuesta por tres elementos, a saber: el control sobre los denominados recursos naturales, así como diversificación y descarbonización de la matriz energética. En tal sentido, la nacionalización constituye una práctica autonómica limitada, por cuanto basa su anclaje en uno de tres elementos señalados. Asimismo, el enroque dado por el acuerdo signado con la empresa Chevrón con una reputación internacional desdeñable como producto de sus acciones en términos de daño ambiental, demuestra que la utilización del discurso ambiental fue una herramienta de primera hora que fue funcional al primer intento por expropiar las acciones de Repsol, morigerando el costo de la indemnización. En la medida que esta postura incrementó el aislamiento argentino en términos de acceso a inversiones, así como profundizaba la crisis energética, por cuanto no contaba con el capital necesario para explotar el Yacimiento de Vaca Muerta, el discurso ambiental fue dejado de lado, conjuntamente con el cierre de dos acuerdos dudosos: con Chevrón y con Repsol.Fil: Bueno, Maria del Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Alonso, Jose Marcelino. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Influencia das usinas de açúcar e álcool na mesorregião do Norte Pioneiro Paranaense : uma análise dos indicadores contábeis e sua relação com geração de emprego e renda

Orientadora: Ana Paula M.S.CherobimInclui apendiceDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Defesa: Curitiba, 19/03/2009Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: Estratégia e organizaçõe

A biology-based dynamic approach for the modelling of toxicity in cell-based assays. Part I: Fate modelling

There is a need to integrate existing in vitro dose-response data in a coherent framework for extending their domain of applicability as well as their extrapolation potential. This integration would contribute towards the reduction of animal use in toxicology by using in vitro data for quantitative risk assessment; moreover it would reduce costs and time especially when such approaches would be used for dealing with complex human health and ecotoxicological endpoints. In this work, based on HTS (High Throughput Screening) in vitro data, we have assessed the advantages that a dynamic biology-toxicant fate coupled model for in vitro cell-based assays could provide when assessing toxicity data, in particular, the possibility to obtain the dissolved (free) concentration which can help in raking the toxicity potency of a chemical and improve data reconciliation from several sources taking into account the inherent variability of cell-based assays. The results show that this approach may open a new way of analyzing this type of data sets and of extrapolating the values obtained to calculate in vivo human toxicology thresholds.JRC.DG.I.6-Systems toxicolog

Epizootiology and Phylogenetics of Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Fiorinia externa ferris(Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the Northeastern USA

The eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière] is one of the native dominant forest components of northeastern US. At present, these valuable stands face an alarming decline, in part due to the Fiorinia externa, elongate hemlock scale (EHS), (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). The armored shield of F. externa provides an excellent defense against insecticides, natural enemies and adverse conditions. Chemical and classical biocontrol methods have been unable to stop the spread of this pest. Recently, the occurrence of an epizootic within the F. externa population in the Mianus River Gorge Preserve in Bedford, NY revealed a promising opportunity for control of this scale. Entomopathogenic fungi represent a valuable, although under-utilized, group of organisms with unique capabilities for self-sustaining pest management. Given the significant impact of this epizootic on F. externa, we have conducted extensive research on the biology, genetics and biological control potential of this epizootic. We molecularly identified a complex of entomopathogenic, phytopathogenic, and endophytic fungi associated with the epizootic in 36 localities within the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Connecticut and New Jersey. One fungus, Colletotrichum sp., was the most commonly isolated organism in populations of F. externa within areas of the epizootic. The host range of this Colletotrichum species comprised both insects and plants, although diverse life cycles occured in the different hosts. Endophytic growth was observed in 28 species of plants comprising 18 families (52% of the sampling), whereas in F. externa biotrophic and necotrophic growth was detected. Colletotrichum is a widely known phytopathogenic genus and reports of entomopathogenic activity are extremely rare. In order to understand the biological processes involved in the host-pathogen interactions we quantified the pathogenicity and virulence of this Colletotrichum sp. to four insect families and six plants families as well as the occurrence of sexual recombination in this Colletotrichum sp., both in vitro and in planta. We observed that this Colletotrichum sp. displays a propensy to induce rapid disease and mortality in F. externa hosts. Phylogenetic analysis comprising six of the most commonly studied nuclear genes in molecular phylogenetics (D1/D2 domain of the 28 rDNA gene, ITS region, β-Tubulin 2, GPDH gene, GS gene and HMG box at the MAT1-2 mating-type gene) and RAPDs showed this fungus is closely related to phytopathogenic strains of Colletotrichum acutatum and that it may represent a single population lineage of this species (i.e., Colletotrichum acutatum forma specialis fiorinia). Though a large body of information exists regarding the phytopathogenic genus Colletotrichum, ours is only the second reported entomopathogenic strain. It is not clear whether the colonization of an insect by this fungus is truly rare or a common but undetected event. Sexual recombination, observed in planta and in vitro, could be the means by which new genetic variants are generated leading to new biotypes with a selective advantage to colonize new hosts, which in this case is a novel host in a different kingdom

Bancos centrales y cambio climático: basamentos y desafíos de una relación incipiente

El estallido de la crisis en 2007-2008 suscitó una multiplicidad de modificaciones en las estructuras y dinámicas del sistema financiero internacional. En el contexto de tales ajustes de corte sistémico, destacaron los impulsados en el rol de los bancos centrales. En el marco de este proceso de reconfiguración sistémica, los responsables de los bancos centrales y autoridades monetario-financieras comenzaron a articular iniciativas orientadas a extender la actuación de estas instituciones en dimensiones y/o problemáticas cuya vinculación con lo monetario-financiero no resultaba -no resulta, al ser un proceso en ciernes- a primera vista directa. La cuestión del cambio climático fue, sin dudas, una de las problemáticas que mayor atención ganó en este contexto. El artículo se propone explorar los fundamentos del abordaje del cambio climático por parte de los bancos centrales como asimismo las líneas de acción eventuales de los mismos para hacer frente a los desafíos inherentes a la mencionada problemática.Fil: Fernandez Alonso, Jose Marcelino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

Economía Política Internacional y Relaciones Internacionales en Argentina: a propósito del abordaje de las cuestiones financieras

En concurrencia con la expansión y consolidación en la República Argentina de una comunidad epistémica identificada con el campo de Economía Política Internacional (EPI), se gestó durante los últimos años un debate cada vez más intenso respecto a la genealogía y la agenda de esta como así también su articulación con las Relaciones Internacionales (RRII). Tal debate, fomentado a través publicaciones de artículos y presentaciones en eventos científicos, ponderó la relevancia de las dimensiones comercial, productiva y legal en el despliegue de la EPI en el país relegando consiguientemente el tratamiento de otras problemáticas centrales tales como las cuestiones vinculadas a las finanzas internacionales. El presente artículo, propuesto en clave de diálogo con tales contribuciones, tiene por objetivo saldar en parte la “laguna” del debate al analizar el abordaje de las cuestiones financieras en la producción de la EPI y las RRII en Argentina. En este sentido, el presente trabajo pondera una trayectoria de larga data abocada a las cuestiones financieras en ambos campos de estudio, el cual encontró gran expansión e intensificación durante los últimos años. El artículo sostiene que, en términos generales, las cuestiones financieras tuvieron un abordaje signado por la búsqueda de dar respuestas contextuales a los condicionantes de la inserción del país, todo lo cual derivó –deriva– en un tratamiento preeminentemente contingente y segmentado temáticamente.Fil: Fernandez Alonso, Jose Marcelino. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentin

Analiza taktičkih akcija vrhunskih dizačica u odbojci

Performance analysis is of fundamental importance to understand the factors underlying participation in top-level sports. Recently, an increased importance has been given to the preservation of the situation’s ecology, thus attempting the comprehension of game patterns through the establishment of relationships between variables of several orders. The purpose of this study was to analyse some match variables that could constraint the setter’s tactical action in high-performance women’s volleyball, as well as its outcomes. Six matches of the Women’s World Champhionships 2006 were analysed following a category system, recurring to observational methodology, namely the technique of sequential lag analysis. Attack tempo has emerged as the crucial variable of the setter’s tactical action. Patterns with closed blocks from the opponent, setting in the ideal zone with a jump set, attack simulation by the middle attacker and block anticipation, through committing strategies, tended to culminate in quick attacks. These, in turn, stimulate a debilitated block opposition. Open block formations, receptions in zones 4 and 1, setting in non-ideal zones, no simulation by the middle attacker and a non-anticipative block (read-and-react strategy) stimulated slow attacks, which, in turn, stimulated cohesive block opposition. Attack efficacy emerged as independent of the setter’s action, although the latter largely influenced the type of block opposition. Hence, match analysis provides a window into aspects involving the tactical actions in high-level athletes.Analiza izvedbe ima temeljnu ulogu u razumijevanju čimbenika koji utječu na realizaciju akcija u vrhunskom sportu. U posljednje se vrijeme sve veća važnost daje očuvanju situacijske prirode igre, te se u tu svrhu do boljeg razumijevanja obrazaca igre pokušava doći utvrđivanjem odnosa između različitih vrsta varijabla. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati neke od varijabla koje opisuju odbojkaški susret, a koje bi mogle ograničiti taktičke akcije dizačica u ženskoj odbojci te utjecati na njihove ishode za vrijeme susreta. Šest susreta Svjetskog prvenstva za odbojkašice 2006 bilo je analizirano prema sistemu kategorija koristeći ponavljajuću opservacijsku metodologiju, odnosno tehniku sekvencionalne usporene analize. Tempo napada pokazao se kao ključna varijabla taktičkih akcija kod dizačica. Akcije sa zatvorenim blokovima prema protivničkim ekipama, dizanje lopte u idealnu zonu kroz skok, simulacija napada srednjeg napadača i predviđanje bloka, izvedeno uz maksimalnu koncentraciju na definiranu strategiju igre, najviše su dolazili do izražaja kod brzih napada. To posljedično dovodi do slabljenja protivničkog bloka. Otvorene formacije bloka, primanja u zoni 4 i 1, dizanje u neidealnim zonama, izostajanje simulacije napada od strane srednjeg napadača te nepredviđanje bloka (strategija pročitaj-i-reagiraj) poticali su spore napade, koji su, pak, poticali vezani blok kod protivničkih ekipa. Učinkovitost napada pokazala se nezavisna od akcija dizačica, iako je ona uvelike utjecala na tip bloka kod protivničkih ekipa. Stoga se može zaključiti da analiza susreta pruža uvid u aspekte igre uključujući taktičke varijante kod vrhunskih sportaša

Primary Health Care Governance: Case Studies in Argentina and Brazil

Transaction Cost Economics is a recent perspectiveto organizations analysis, and it is still little applied in the publicsector. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relativeefficiency of two primary health care platforms, one in Argentinaand the another one in Brazil. The transaction costs arecategorized, counted and normalized into quartiles from directobservation, interviews and documental review. Besides,institutional arrangements are described. The discriminatinghypothesis of association between organizational efficiency andthe alignment of transaction characteristics with the governancemode is comparatively tested. The analysis showed that theBrazilian case presented lower frequency of transaction costsbecause its institutional arrangement contains more coordinationand incentives with less strategic uncertainty. The evaluationmethod developed in this paper highlights the importance ofstudying the characteristics of organization for the generation ofknowledge and production of managerial contributions overpublic health service’s delivery