Diabetes e sua descompensação crônica: um relato de experiência

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DAC) is a complication that needs to be understood so that its warning signs are identified by health professionals and so that control measures can be taken, thus avoiding such a problem, so the aim was to understand the decompensation metabolic pathway that promotes CAD in patients with DM. This is an experience report elaborated from the analysis of intervention data and clinical evolution of a health service user who presented CAD due to decompensated DM and died even after the medical procedures. DKA is a hyperglycemic emergency that requires prompt medical intervention. In this sense, early diagnosis and treatment of DM is important because it prevents it from evolving to CAD. However, the study presented shows the opposite, since the patient was unaware that she had DM, so she did not undergo any treatment and died due to complications from DM.A Cetoacidose Diabética (CAD) é uma complicação que necessita ser compreendida para que seus sinais de alerta sejam identificados por profissionais de saúde e para que medidas de controle possam ser tomadas, evitando assim, tal problema, por isso, objetivou-se compreender a descompensação metabólica que promove a CAD em pacientes com DM. Trata-se de um relato de experiência elaborado a partir da análise dos dados de intervenção e evolução clínica de usuário de serviço de saúde que apresentou CAD por conta da DM descompensada e faleceu mesmo após as condutas médicas. A CAD é uma emergência hiperglicêmica que necessita de intervenção médica rápida. Nesse sentido, o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da DM é importante pois impede que evolua para CAD. No entanto, o estudo apresentado mostra o oposto, visto que a paciente desconhecia que era portadora de DM, por conta disso não fez nenhum tratamento e faleceu em razão das complicações da DM

Diabetes e sua descompensação crônica: um relato de experiência

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DAC) is a complication that needs to be understood so that its warning signs are identified by health professionals and so that control measures can be taken, thus avoiding such a problem, so the aim was to understand the decompensation metabolic pathway that promotes CAD in patients with DM. This is an experience report elaborated from the analysis of intervention data and clinical evolution of a health service user who presented CAD due to decompensated DM and died even after the medical procedures. DKA is a hyperglycemic emergency that requires prompt medical intervention. In this sense, early diagnosis and treatment of DM is important because it prevents it from evolving to CAD. However, the study presented shows the opposite, since the patient was unaware that she had DM, so she did not undergo any treatment and died due to complications from DM.A Cetoacidose Diabética (CAD) é uma complicação que necessita ser compreendida para que seus sinais de alerta sejam identificados por profissionais de saúde e para que medidas de controle possam ser tomadas, evitando assim, tal problema, por isso, objetivou-se compreender a descompensação metabólica que promove a CAD em pacientes com DM. Trata-se de um relato de experiência elaborado a partir da análise dos dados de intervenção e evolução clínica de usuário de serviço de saúde que apresentou CAD por conta da DM descompensada e faleceu mesmo após as condutas médicas. A CAD é uma emergência hiperglicêmica que necessita de intervenção médica rápida. Nesse sentido, o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da DM é importante pois impede que evolua para CAD. No entanto, o estudo apresentado mostra o oposto, visto que a paciente desconhecia que era portadora de DM, por conta disso não fez nenhum tratamento e faleceu em razão das complicações da DM

Perfil epidemiológico das pacientes em unidade saúde da família em Goiânia (Goiás, Brasil)

Objective: Describe the epidemiological clinical profile of women undergoing pap smear assisted in Health School Unit Family in Goiânia, Goiás. This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study, descriptive, using data from the "Women Monitoring Registry Books in Control of Cervical Cancer" of the six teams of Unity Village Family Health School Effort of the city of Goiania, Goiás, in the period from January 1 to December 31, 2013. Of the 765 women who make up this study were aged between 15-84 years with a mean of 40.84 ± 14.85 years. Of these 34.90% were white, 51.90% had primary school education, 1.05% were pregnant women, 98.04% had no intrauterine device, 97.25% did not use hormone replacement and 80.13% said no make use of contraceptivo. Found a frequency of 86.80% of benign cellular changes, 2.09% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade I and 1.44% of CIN II and III. The most adopted approach was following routine cytological screening and treatment if necessary. The epidemiological profile is composed of white young adult women up to 40 years of low education, non-pregnant and non-use of contraception.Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico epidemiológico de las mujeres que se someten a la prueba de Papanicolaou asistido en la Unidad Familiar de la Escuela de Salud de Goiânia, Goiás. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico transversal, descriptivo, a partir de los datos de los Livros de Registro de Acompanhamento de Mulheres no Controle do Câncer do Colo do Útero de los seis equipos de la Unidade Escola Saúde da Família Vila Mutirão de la ciudad de Goiania, Goiás, en el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Las 765 mujeres que conforman este estudio tenían entre 15 y 84 años de edad, con una media de 40,84 ± 14,85 años. De estas 34.90% eran blancas, 51.90% tenían educación primaria, 1.05% eran mujeres embarazadas, 98.04% no tenían dispositivo intrauterino, 97.25% no usaban reemplazo hormonal y 80.13% dijeron que no usaban anticonceptivos. Se encontró una frecuencia de 86.80% de cambios celulares benignos, 2.09% de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) grado I y 1.44% de NIC II y III. La conducta más adoptada fue seguir la rutina de rastreo citológico y tratamiento se necesario. El perfil epidemiológico está compuesto por mujeres jóvenes blancas adultas de hasta 40 años de bajo nivel educativo, sin embarazo y sin uso de anticonceptivos.Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico epidemiológico de mulheres submetidas ao exame colpocitológico assistidas em Unidade Escola de Saúde da Família em Goiânia, Goiás. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal, descritivo, utilizando dados dos “Livros de Registro de Acompanhamento de Mulheres no Controle do Câncer do Colo do Útero” das seis equipes da UESF da Vila Mutirão do município de Goiânia, Goiás, no período entre 1º de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2013. Das 765 mulheres que compõe este estudo, a idade variou de 15 a 84 anos, com média de 40,84 ± 14,85 anos. Dessas 34,90% eram brancas, 51,90% tinham primeiro grau completo, 1,05% eram gestantes, 98,04% não possuíam dispositivo intrauterino, 97,25% não faziam uso de reposição hormonal e 80,13% afirmaram não fazerem uso de contraceptivo. Foi encontrada uma frequência de 86,80% de alterações celulares benignas, 2,09% de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) grau I e 1,44% de NIC II e III. A conduta mais adotada foi seguir rotina de rastreamento citológico e tratamento se necessário. O perfil epidemiológico é composto por mulheres jovens adultas brancas com até 40 anos de baixa escolaridade, não gestantes e sem uso de contraceptivo

Desenvolvimento de testes para triagem de amostras de sêmen bovino para Bovine viral diarrhea virus e Bluetongue virus utilizando RT-PCR convencional e em tempo real (qRT-PCR)

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T11:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_marcela_ribeiro_gasparini.pdf: 5541624 bytes, checksum: 43f2792f6a33ec1ba3e4898dc23577f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 26O Brasil possui o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo, e devido à importância do sêmen e sua comercialização, tornou-se necessário o desenvolvimento de testes moleculares sensíveis e específicos para o diagnóstico viral nestas amostras biológicas. O Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) e o Bluetongue virus (BTV) são vírus de importância na cadeia reprodutiva bovina e com o crescimento significativo da inseminação artificial e outras técnicas reprodutivas, as amostras de sêmen devem ser testadas para reduzir o risco de infecção e transmissão virais. Este projeto objetivou o desenvolvimento e otimização de testes diagnósticos para a detecção dos vírus BVDV e BTV em sêmen bovino. Para ambos os vírus foram desenvolvidos testes sensíveis e específicos, tanto na RT-PCR quanto na qRT-PCR, podendo ser utilizados no diagnóstico do BVDV e do BTV não só para amostras de sêmen, mas também para outros tipos de amostras biológicas. Após a otimização das técnicas moleculares, amostras clínicas de sêmen in natura provenientes de animais naturalmente infectados do estado de Minas Gerais, foram utilizadas para avaliar os testes desenvolvidos. Optou-se pela utilização da RT-PCR/qRT-PCR one-step (em um único passo) tanto para BVDV quanto para BTV, por terem se mostrado sensíveis e terem apresentado resultados mais precisos, além de possibilitarem o diagnóstico de um número grande de amostras com mais rapidez e com chance diminuída de contaminação laboratorial. Foram encontradas 21 (39,62%) amostras positivas para BVDV e 24 (45,28%) para BTV na RT-PCR one-step; e, na qRT-PCR one-step, 27 (50,9%) de amostras de sêmen positivas para BVDV e 32 (60,4%) para BTV. A ocorrência de coinfecção com os dois vírus foi observada em 28,3% (15) do total de amostras analisadas, sendo observada em todas as regiões amostradas. Os iniciadores utilizados para o diagnóstico de BTV nesse trabalho (NS3/seg-10) não fazem a diferenciação entre os sorotipos, por essa razão foi realizada a caracterização dos sorotipos circulantes no Brasil em um laboratório no Reino Unido (The Pirbright Institute, laboratório de referência da OIE em BTV). Utilizando-se o seg-2 (VP2) para testar amostras de sêmen e isolados virais, comprovou-se a circulação do BTV-4, e de maneira inédita, mostrou a circulação de BTV-8, BTV-10 e BTV-16 no Brasil. Duas amostras de sêmen foram positivas para diferentes tipos de BTV (BTV-4, BTV-8, BTV-10 e BTV-16 para uma amostra e BTV-4 e BTV-10 para outra amostra), além de ambas serem positivas também para BVDV-1. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho comprovam a alta prevalência dos vírus BVDV e BTV em amostras de sêmen bovino no Brasil isoladamente ou em coinfecção, comprovando a importância de se testar cada partida seminal produzida, e, o risco sanitário representado por uma única amostra não testada para um rebanho. Apontam ainda a necessidade de revisão das medidas de controle do sêmen bovino em nosso país.Brazil has the largest commercial cattle herd in the world, and due to the importance of the semen and its trade, it has become necessary to develop sensitive and specific molecular tests for viral diagnosis in semen. The Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Bluetongue virus (BTV) are important viruses in bovine reproductive chain and with the significant growth of artificial insemination and other reproductive technologies, it has become important to test semen samples to reduce the risk of viral infection. This project aimed the development and optimization of diagnostic tests for the detection of BVDV and BTV virus in bovine semen. The results for both viruses were considered satisfactory in both RT- PCR and the qRT-PCR. They can be used in the diagnosis of BVDV and BTV not only in semen samples but also for other types of biological samples. After optimization of molecular techniques, clinical samples of fresh semen from naturally infected animals in the state of Minas Gerais were used to evaluate the developed tests. We opted for the use of one-step RT-PCR/qRT-PCR assays for BVDV and BTV, for their considerable sensitivy and to be able to make the diagnosis of a large number of samples. Twenty-one (39,62%) samples were positive for BVDV and 24 (45,28%) for BTV by using one-step RT-PCR. The number of positive samples using one-step qRT-PCR was higher than one-step RT-PCR with 27 (50,9 %) samples positive for BVDV and 32 (60,4 %) for BTV in semen samples. The occurrence of co-infection was observed in 28,3% (15) of the total analysed samples, being found in all sampled regions. The primers used for the diagnosis of BTV in this work (NS3/seg-10) do not differentiate among serotypes and for this reason the characterization of serotypes circulating in Brazil was held in a lab in the UK (The Pirbright Institute, OIE reference laboratory). The qRT-PCR (seg-2/VP2) was performed to test semen samples and viral isolates, and it confirmed the circulation of BTV-4 and the first time the circulation of BTV-8, BTV-10 and BTV-16 in Brazil. Two semen samples were positive for different BTV (BTV-4, BTV-8, BTV-10 and BTV-16 to a sample, BTV-4 and BTV-10 to another sample), and both are also positive for BVDV-1. The results of this study confirm the high prevalence of BVDV and BTV virus in bovine semen samples from Brazil, as a single infection or co-infection, demonstrating the importance of testing each seminal batch, and the health risk represented by a single sample not tested for a herd. They also show the need for revision of control measures of bovine semen in our countr

Immune response of calves immunized with cocktail of DNA vaccine encoding complexed outer membrane proteins from Anaplasma marginale

In the present study, we evaluated a cocktail of recombinant plasmids encoding the major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4, rMSP5, VirB9 and VirB10) to improve the humoral and cellular immune response triggered in calves. Ten calves were divided in three groups: Four calves were inoculated with the plasmids/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with empty vector (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG level 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p<0,05%), and G1 calves remained above the cut-off value 28 days after the third inoculation (p<0,05%). The post-immunized sera from calves in G1 reacted specifically for each of the rMSPs used. Additionally, ELISA detected specific IgG for VirB9 and VirB10. In conclusion, the cocktail of recombinant plasmids induced antigen-specific seroconversion in calves. Therefore, additional testing to explore the protection induced by recombinant plasmids, alone or in conjunction with proteins previously identified as subdominant epitopes, is warranted

Immune response of calves inoculated with proteins ofAnaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex

Despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of Anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. In the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (ISCOMATRIX) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4 and rMSP5) to improve the humoral immune response triggered in calves mainly by IgG2. Ten calves were divided in three groups: 4 calves were inoculated with the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and G1 calves remained above the cut-off value 28 days after the third inoculation (p < 0.05). The post-immunized sera from calves in G1 reacted specifically for each of the rMSPs used. In conclusion, the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs induced antigen-specific seroconversion in calves. Therefore, additional testing to explore the protection induced by rMSPs, both alone and in conjunction with proteins previously identified as subdominant epitopes, is warranted

Vaginal Microbiome Characterization of Nellore Cattle Using Metagenomic Analysis

<div><p>Understanding of microbial communities inhabiting cattle vaginal tract may lead to a better comprehension of bovine physiology and reproductive health being of great economic interest. Up to date, studies involving cattle microbiota are focused on the gastrointestinal tract, and little is known about the vaginal microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the vaginal microbiome in Nellore cattle, heifers and cows, pregnant and non-pregnant, using a culture independent approach. The main bacterial phyla found were <i>Firmicutes</i> (~40–50%), <i>Bacteroidetes</i> (~15–25%) and <i>Proteobacteria</i> (~5–25%), in addition to ~10–20% of non-classified bacteria. 45–55% of the samples were represented by only ten OTUs: <i>Aeribacillus</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, <i>Rikenella</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Eubacterium</i>, <i>Prevotella</i> and non-classified bacteria. Interestingly, microbiota from all 20 animals could be grouped according to the respiratory metabolism of the main OTUs found, creating three groups of vaginal microbiota in cattle. Archaeal samples were dominated by the <i>Methanobrevibacter</i> genus (<i>Euryarchaeota</i>, ~55–70%). <i>Ascomycota</i> was the main fungal phylum (~80–95%) and <i>Mycosphaerella</i> the most abundant genus (~70–85%). Hormonal influence was not clear, but a tendency for the reduction of bacterial and increase of archaeal populations in pregnant animals was observed. Eukaryotes did not vary significantly between pregnant and non-pregnant animals, but tended to be more abundant on cows than on heifers. The present work describes a great microbial variability in the vaginal community among the evaluated animals and groups (heifers and cows, pregnant and non-pregnant), which is significantly different from the findings previously reported using culture dependent methods, pointing out the need for further studies on this issue. The microbiome found also indicates that the vaginal colonization appears to be influenced by the gastrointestinal community.</p></div

Universal primers used in the PCR reaction for <i>Bacteria</i>, <i>Archaea</i> and fungi.

<p>Universal primers used in the PCR reaction for <i>Bacteria</i>, <i>Archaea</i> and fungi.</p

Average alpha diversity in the analyzed groups, expressed as antilog of Shannon’s index.

<p>NPH—Non-pregnant Heifers, PH—Pregnant Heifers, NPC—Non-pregnant Cows, PC—Pregnant Cows. Different symbols represent statistical difference (p < 0.05).</p