MARKETING FINANCIAL PRODUCTS WITHIN THE ACTIVITY OF INVESTMENT BANKS

A production system which produces a large number of items in many steps can be modelled as a continuous flow problem. The resulting hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) typically is nonlinear and nonlocal, modeling a factory whose cycle time depends nonlinearly on the work in progress. One of the few ways to influence the output of such a factory is by adjusting the start rate in a time dependent manner.We study two prototypical control problems for this case: i) demand tracking where we determine the start rate that generates an output rate which optimally tracks a given time dependent demand rate and ii) backlog tracking which optimally tracks the cumulative demand. The method is based on the formal adjoint method for constrained optimization, incorporating the hyperbolic PDE as a constraint of a nonlinear optimization problem. We show numerical results on optimal start rate profiles for steps in the demand rate and for periodically varying demand rates and discuss the influence of the nonlinearity of the cycle time on the limits of the reactivity of the production system. Differences between perishable and non-perishable demand (demand vs. backlog tracking) are highlighted

Panleucopenia felina : una revisión

En este trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la panleucopenia del gato, Se describe la etiología, patogenia, cuadro clínico, tratamiento y profilaxis, Se discuten en profundidad el mecanismo patogénico y las diferentes pautas vacunales.This paper concerns a bibliographic revision on panleukopaenia in the cat. The aetiology, pathogeny, clinical picture, treatrnent and propbylaxis are described Details of the pathogenic mechanism and diverse vaccination are discussed

Insulinoma : a propósito de un caso clínico

Se describe un caso de insulinoma en un perro. La presentación clínica inicial, algo oscura, permite realizar un protocolo diagnóstico diferencial primero del síndrome de debilidad, luego de hipoglucemia, y finalmente confirmar el insulinoma por las correspondientes pruebas endocrinológicas, incluido el test de la fructosamina, y visualización de nódulos característicos en páncreas gracias a la exploración ecográfica.A case of insulinoma in the dog is described. Due to the initially unclear clinical picture, a differential diagnosis of weakness is carried out at first, of hypoglycemia later, and after the endocrinologycal tests (including the fructosamine test) and ultrasonographic examination (visualizing characteristic pancreatic nodules) a final diagnosis of insulinoma is made

Comparative analysis of the Mexican and Turkish currency crises

Author's OriginalThe study aims to explore characteristics of currency crises in emerging markets. Two recent experiences in Mexico and Turkey respectively analyzed carefully to identify common elements in the development and eruption of the crises. Results of the study suggest that there are several background factors and triggers that were consistent in both cases. Finally a discussion of the policy implications of the findings concludes the study.Aybar, C., Ajami, R., & Bear, M. (2000). Currency crises in emerging markets: A comparative analysis of the Mexican and Turkish cases. International Journal of Public Administration, 23(5-8), 963-1006

First ice core records of NO3− stable isotopes from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard

Samples from two ice cores drilled at Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, covering the period 1957–2009, and 1650–1995, respectively, were analyzed for NO3− concentrations, and NO3− stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). Post-1950 δ15N has an average of (−6.9 ± 1.9) ‰, which is lower than the isotopic signal known for Summit, Greenland, but agrees with values observed in recent Svalbard snow and aerosol. Pre-1900 δ15N has an average of (4.2 ± 1.6) ‰ suggesting that natural sources, enriched in the 15 N-isotope, dominated before industrialization. The post-1950 δ18O average of (75.1 ± 4.1) ‰ agrees with data from low and polar latitudes, suggesting similar atmospheric NOy (NOy = NO + NO2 + HNO3) processing pathways. The combination of anthropogenic source δ15N and transport isotope effect was estimated as −29.1 ‰ for the last 60 years. This value is below the usual range of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) anthropogenic sources which is likely the result of a transport isotope effect of –32 ‰. We suggest that the δ15N recorded at Lomonosovfonna is influenced mainly by fossil fuel combustion, soil emissions and forest fires; the first and second being responsible for the marked decrease in δ15N observed in the post-1950s record with soil emissions being associated to the decreasing trend in δ15N observed up to present time, and the third being responsible for the sharp increase of δ15N around 2000

Diagnóstico por imagen de un caso de invaginación intestinal

Aprovechando como base un caso clínico de intususcepción intestinal, se discuten las ventajas e inconvenientes de los dos métodos de diagnóstico por imagen más usuales en medicina veterinaria, como son la radiología y la ecografía.A clinical case of intestinal intussusception in a dog is described, emphatazing the imaging diagnosis and discussing about the advantages and disadvantages of the two most used methods, as radiology and ultrasonography

Hipersensibilidad en el gato

En el gato, el picor es un signo más difícil de reconocer que en el perro. Las manifestaciones clínicas de prurito son muy limitadas en la especie felina, de tal forma que se pueden reducir a cinco formas o cuadros principales:(1)la dermatitis miliar,(2)el prurito facial, (3) la alopecia simétrica, (4) el complejo granuloma eosinofílico y (5) la dermatitis costrosa/escamosa más o menos localizada. De entre las numerosas causas que pueden ocasionar picores, las reacciones de hipersensibilidad (a pulgas, alimentos, alérgenos inhalados, alérgenos de contacto, fármacos y parásitos intestinales) constituyen el grupo etiológico más importante después de los procesos parasitarios. Debido a la similitud de sintomatología cutánea que manifiestan los distintos alérgenos, se impone un buen conocimiento de los tests laboraroriales disponibles de cara a establecer un diagnóstico diferencial preciso y un tratamiento idóneo.The itchy in the cat is more difficult to recognize than the itchy in the dog. There are only five important patterns of cutaneous disease associated with pruritus in the cat: (1) miliary dermatitis, (2) pruritus of the head, (3) symetrical alopecia, (4) eosinophilic granuloma complex, and (5) regional or generalized scaling/crusting dermatosis. Hipersensibility (to flea, aereoalergen, food, contac, drug, intestinal parasite) is after parasitic dermatosis, the most important cause of pruritus. Because the simzJarcutaneous manzfestation of the different alergens, is neccessary to know the laboratory tests in arder to stablishing an accurate diagnosis and the better treatment

EUS-guided drainage using lumen apposing metal stent and percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy as dual approach for the management of complex walled-off necrosis: a case report and a review of the literature

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage is suggested as the first approach in the management of symptomatic and complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Dual approach with percutaneous drainage could be the best choice when the necrosis is deep extended till the pelvic paracolic gutter; however, the available catheter could not be large enough to drain solid necrosis neither to perform necrosectomy, entailing a higher need for surgery. Therefore, percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy through a large bore percutaneous self-expandable metal stent has been proposed. Case presentation: In this study, we present the case of a 61-year-old man admitted to our hospital with a history of sepsis and persistent multiorgan failure secondary to walled-off pancreatic necrosis due to acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Firstly, the patient underwent transgastric endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage using a lumen-apposing metal stent and three sessions of direct endoscopic necrosectomy. Because of recurrence of multiorgan failure and the presence of the necrosis deeper to the pelvic paracolic gutter at computed tomography scan, we decided to perform percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy using an esophageal self-expandable metal stent. After four sessions of necrosectomy, the collection was resolved without complications. Therefore, we perform a revision of the literature, in order to provide the state-of-art on this technique. The available data are, to date, derived by case reports and case series, which showed high rates both of technical and clinical success. However, a not negligible rate of adverse events has been reported, mainly represented by fistulas and abdominal pain. Conclusion: Dual approach, using lumen apposing metal stent and percutaneous self-expandable metal stent, is a compelling option of treatment for patients affected by symptomatic, complex walled-off pancreatic necrosis, allowing to directly remove large amounts of necrosis avoiding surgery. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy seems a promising technique that could be part of the step-up-approach, before emergency surgery. However, to date, it should be reserved in referral centers, where a multidisciplinary team is disposable

Implementação do banco de ideias/caixa de sugestões/canteiro de ideias.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 11.11.11.111

Enteral and Parenteral Treatment with Caffeine for Preterm Infants in the Delivery Room: A Randomised Trial

Background: Early treatment with caffeine in the delivery room (DR) has been proposed to decrease the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) by limiting episodes of apnoea and improving respiratory mechanics in preterm infants. Our aim was to verify the hypothesis that intravenous or enteral administration of caffeine can be performed in the preterm infant in the DR. Methods: Infants with 25±0–29±6 weeks of gestational age were enrolled and randomised to receive 20 mg/kg of caffeine citrate intravenously, via the umbilical vein, or enterally, through an orogastric tube, within 10 min of birth. Caffeine blood level was measured at 60 ± 15 min after administration and 60 ± 15 min before the next dose (5 mg/kg). The primary endpoint was evaluation of the success rate of intravenous and enteral administration of caffeine in the DR. Results: Nineteen patients were treated with intravenous caffeine and 19 with enteral caffeine. In all patients the procedure was successfully performed. Peak blood level of caffeine 60 ± 15 min after administration in the DR was found to be below the therapeutic range (5 µg/mL) in 25 % of samples and above the therapeutic range in 3%. Blood level of caffeine 60 ± 15 min before administration of the second dose was found to be below the therapeutic range in 18% of samples. Conclusions: Intravenous and enteral administration of caffeine can be performed in the DR without interfering with infants’ postnatal assistance. Some patients did not reach the therapeutic range, raising the question of which dose is the most effective to prevent MV. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04044976; EudraCT number 2018-003626-91