Évolution des pratiques et des conceptions de l’enseignement, de l’apprentissage et des TIC chez des enseignants du primaire en contexte de développement professionnel

Cet article examine l’évolution des pratiques et des conceptions relatives à l’enseignement, à l’apprentissage et aux technologies. Deux perspectives principales de l’apprentissage s’imposent chez 40 enseignants du primaire participant à une recherche-action-formation : le béhaviorisme social et le néoconstructivisme. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen des entrevues et des observations, au début et à la fin de la formation continue. L’analyse de ces données révèle des pratiques relevant davantage du béhaviorisme social, alors que les conceptions sont plutôt associées à des perspectives multiples. La discussion analyse les résultats à la lumière du contexte de la recherche, des travaux sur le changement conceptuel et la pratique des enseignants. Des pistes de formation et de recherche sont suggérées.This article examines the evolution of practices and conceptions regarding teaching, learning and the use of educational technology. An action-training-research project proposed two main learning perspectives: social-behaviourism and neo-constructivism to 40 primary level teacher participants. Data was collected using interviews and observations both at the beginning and at the end of the in-service training. An analysis of the data shows that teaching practices are mostly related to social behaviourism, while representations are mainly associated with multiple perspectives. The discussion provides an analysis of these results in light of the specific research context, the current work on changing representations, and teachers’ practices. Suggestions regarding training and future research are provided.Este artículo analiza la evolución de las prácticas y de las concepciones referentes a la enseñanza, al aprendizaje y a las tecnologías. Resaltan dos perspectivas principales del aprendizaje en los 40 docentes de la enseñanza básica que participan a una investigación-acción-formación: el behaviorismo social y el neoconstructivismo. Los datos han sido recolectados por medio de entrevistas y de observaciones al inicio y al final de la formación continua. El análisis de estos datos revela que las prácticas son más centradas en el behaviorismo social; mientras las concepciones se encuentran más asociadas con perspectivas múltiples. Se analizan los resultados a la luz del contexto de la investigación, de los trabajos sobre el cambio conceptual y sobre la práctica docente. Al terminar, se presentan algunas pistas de formación y de investigación

Évolution des conceptions relatives à l’enseignement, à l’apprentissage et aux technologies de l’information et de la communication chez des enseignants du primaire

Le présent texte fait état de l’évolution des conceptions relatives à l’enseignement, à l’apprentissage et aux technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) dans le cadre d’une recherche‐action‐formation visant à accroître le recours aux TIC chez des enseignants du primaire. Ces conceptions sont dégagées à partir de données recueillies lors d’entrevues menées auprès de huit volontaires parmi les 40 enseignants engagés dans l’étude. Elles sont mises en lien avec deux perspectives de l’apprentissage : le béhaviorisme social et le néoconstructivisme. De plus, l’incidence de telles conceptions sur les pratiques d’intégration pédagogique des TIC est discutée. Enfin, le présent texte suggère des pistes d’intervention susceptibles d’orienter des programmes de développement professionnel conçus à l’intention d’enseignants. Mots clés : Développement professionnel, changement conceptuel, enseignants, TIC This article reports the evolution in conceptions relevant to teaching, learning and information and communication technologies (ICT) within the framework of an action‐training‐research aiming to increase the recourse to ICT by primary teachers. These conceptions emerge from the data gathered during interviews conducted with eight volunteers among the 40 teachers engaged in the study. They are linked to two perspectives of learning: social behaviorism and neoconstructivism. In addition, the incidence of such conceptions on the pedagogical integration practices of ICT is discussed. Lastly, the present text suggests courses of interventions likely to orient professional development programmes designed for teachers. Key words: Professional development, conceptual change, teachers, ICT

3C. 3-Ketosteroid receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Steroid hormone receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [65, 193]) are nuclear hormone receptors of the NR3 class, with endogenous agonists that may be divided into 3-hydroxysteroids (estrone and 17β-estradiol) and 3-ketosteroids (dihydrotestosterone [DHT], aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, progesterone and testosterone)

3C. 3-Ketosteroid receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Steroid hormone receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [75, 218, 3]) are nuclear hormone receptors of the NR3 class, with endogenous agonists that may be divided into 3-hydroxysteroids (estrone and 17β-estradiol) and 3-ketosteroids (dihydrotestosterone [DHT], aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, progesterone and testosterone). For rodent GR and MR, the physiological ligand is corticosterone rather than cortisol

3C. 3-Ketosteroid receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3

Steroid hormone receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [74, 215, 3]) are nuclear hormone receptors of the NR3 class, with endogenous agonists that may be divided into 3-hydroxysteroids (estrone and 17β-estradiol) and 3-ketosteroids (dihydrotestosterone [DHT], aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, progesterone and testosterone). For rodent GR and MR, the physiological ligand is corticosterone rather than cortisol

A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ANAJIS trial)

To assess the efficacy of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist anakinra in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA).status: publishe

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling on Macrophages Is Required for Survival Following Coxsackievirus B4 Infection

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has been proposed to play a central role in the early recognition of viruses by sensing double stranded RNA, a common intermediate of viral replication. However, several reports have demonstrated that TLR3 signaling is either dispensable or even harmful following infection with certain viruses. Here, we asked whether TLR3 plays a role in the response to coxsackievirus B4 (CB4), a prevalent human pathogen that has been associated with pancreatitis, myocarditis and diabetes. We demonstrate that TLR3 signaling on macrophages is critical to establish protective immunity to CB4. TLR3 deficient mice produced reduced pro-inflammatory mediators and are unable to control viral replication at the early stages of infection resulting in severe cardiac damage. Intriguingly, the absence of TLR3 did not affect the activation of several key innate and adaptive cellular effectors. This suggests that in the absence of TLR3 signaling on macrophages, viral replication outpaces the developing adaptive immune response. We further demonstrate that the MyD88-dependent signaling pathways are not only unable to compensate for the loss of TLR3, they are also dispensable in the response to this RNA virus. Our results demonstrate that TLR3 is not simply part of a redundant system of viral recognition, but rather TLR3 plays an essential role in recognizing the molecular signatures associated with specific viruses including CB4

PerDiS: design, implementation, and use of a PERsistent DIstributed Store

International audienceThe PerDiS (Persistent Distributed Store) project addresses the issue of providing support for distributed collaborative engineering applications. We describe the design and implementation of the PerDiS platform, and its support for such applications. Collaborative engineering raises system issues related to the sharing of large volumes of fine-grain, complex objects across wide-area networks and administrative boundaries. PerDiS manages all these aspects in a well defined, integrated, and automatic way. Distributed application programming is simplified because it uses the same memory abstraction as in the centralized case. Porting an existing centralized program written in C or C++ is usually a matter of a few, well-isolated changes. We present some performance results from a proof-of-concept platform that runs a number of small, but real, distributed applications on Unix and Windows NT. These confirm that the PerDiS abstraction is well adapted to the targeted application area and that the overall performance is promising compared to alternative approache

Inhibition of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice by miRNA Therapy.

Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islets in Type 1 diabetes is mediated by both increased proinflammatory (Teff) and decreased regulatory (Treg) T lymphocytes resulting in a significant decrease in the Treg:Teff ratio. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an excellent in vivo model for testing potential therapeutics for attenuating the decrease in the Treg:Teff ratio and inhibiting disease pathogenesis. Here we show for the first time that a bioreactor manufactured therapeutic consisting of a complex of miRNA species (denoted as TA1) can effectively reset the NOD immune system from a proinflammatory to a tolerogenic state thus preventing or delaying autoimmune diabetes. Treatment of NOD mice with TA1 resulted in a systemic broad-spectrum upregulation of tolerogenic T cell subsets with a parallel downregulation of Teff subsets yielding a dramatic increase in the Treg:Teff ratio. Moreover, the murine-derived TA1 was highly effective in the inhibition of allorecognition of HLA-disparate human PBMC. TA1 demonstrated dose-responsiveness and exhibited equivalent or better inhibition of allorecognition driven proliferation than etanercept (a soluble TNF receptor). These findings demonstrate that miRNA-based therapeutics can effectively attenuate or arrest autoimmune disease processes and may be of significant utility in a broad range of autoimmune diseases including Type 1 diabetes