Combined RNAscope and immunohistochemistry staining on duodenal paraffin sections as a new tool to reveal cytolytic potential of intraepithelial lymphocytes

: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a consolidated technique for the identification of surface and cytoplasmic antigens in cells or tissue sections using specific antibodies, yet simultaneous detection of two markers on the same cell may be difficult to achieve. Here we develop a protocol to perform a double staining using RNAscope, a new in-situ hybridization (ISH) technology, to visualize perforin transcripts, and classical IHC to visualize either CD8 or TcRγδ positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in small intestinal paraffin sections of celiac disease (CD) patients. This double assay will allow to investigate the cytotoxic properties of two subsets of IELs in different stages of CD, thus contributing to understand the events leading to tissue destruction and healing

Giant coronary sinus aneurysm secondary to right coronary arteriovenous fistula leading to pseudo-mitral stenosis

We herein report a case in which a right coronary to coronary sinus arteriovenous fistula determined progressive aneurysmatic dilatation of the coronary sinus. Severe compression of the left atrium ensued. This led to a clinical and instrumental picture similar to that observed in severe mitral stenosis

Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography–Assisted Vein Graft Stenting

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An Unusual Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Percutaneous Exclusion of a Large Coronary Aneurysm

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Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography for In-Stent Restenosis

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Tuning Frequencies Across Leads with Interleaving Deep Brain Stimulation to Treat Asymmetric Tremor in Parkinson's Disease

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Tailoring protocols for chest CT applications: when and how?

In the medical era of early detection of diseases and tailored therapies, an accurate characterization and staging of the disease is pivotal for treatment planning. The widespread use of computed tomography (CT)—often with the use of contrast material (CM)—probably represents the most important advance in diagnostic radiology. The result is a marked increase in radiation exposure of the population for medical purposes, with its intrinsic carcinogenic potential, and CM affecting kidney function. The radiologists should aim to minimize patient’s risk by reducing radiation exposure and CM amount, while maintaining the highest image quality. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to perform “patient-centric imaging”. The purpose of this review is to provide radiologists with “tips and tricks” to control radiation dose at CT, summarizing technical artifices in order to reduce image noise and increase image contrast. Also chest CT tailored protocols are supplied, with particular attention to three most common thoracic CT protocols: aortic/cardiac CT angiography (CTA), pulmonary CTA, and routine chest CT

Hide and seek between Andromeda's halo, disk, and giant stream

Photometry in B, V (down to V ~ 26 mag) is presented for two 23' x 23' fields of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) that were observed with the blue channel camera of the Large Binocular Telescope during the Science Demonstration Time. Each field covers an area of about 5.1kpc x 5.1kpc at the distance of M31 ((m-M)o ~ 24.4 mag), sampling, respectively, a northeast region close to the M31 giant stream (field S2), and an eastern portion of the halo in the direction of the galaxy minor axis (field H1). The stream field spans a region that includes Andromeda's disk and the giant stream, and this is reflected in the complexity of the color magnitude diagram of the field. One corner of the halo field also includes a portion of the giant stream. Even though these demonstration time data were obtained under non-optimal observing conditions the B photometry, acquired in time-series mode, allowed us to identify 274 variable stars (among which 96 are bona fide and 31 are candidate RR Lyrae stars, 71 are Cepheids, and 16 are binary systems) by applying the image subtraction technique to selected portions of the observed fields. Differential flux light curves were obtained for the vast majority of these variables. Our sample includes mainly pulsating stars which populate the instability strip from the Classical Cepheids down to the RR Lyrae stars, thus tracing the different stellar generations in these regions of M31 down to the horizontal branch of the oldest (t ~ 10 Gyr) component.Comment: 59 pages, 26 figures, 12 tables, ApJ in pres