Distributions of boron and phosphorus implanted in silicon in the energy range 0.1–1.5 MeV

Boron and phosphorus were implanted in p-type and n-type silicon wafers in the energy range from 0.1 to 1.5 MeV. Three different methods were used to determine the distribution of the ions: SIMS, CV and NRA. The results were fitted to a Pearson IV distribution in order to extract moments for describing the distributions analytically. The projected ranges agree well with the theoretical values. Deviations are observed at higher energies. Projected range standard deviations are significantly greater than the tabulated values. The skewness clearly deviates from available tabulated data, although the same trend is observed

The annealing of 1 MeV implantations of boron in silicon

Buried layers of boron in silicon have been made by 1 MeV implantations up to a dose of 1013 cm−2. The annealing of the implantation damage has been studied with Van der Pauw and Hall measurements. It is concluded that lattice damage reduces the mobility only for annealing temperatures below 600°C. The average mobilities measured after annealing at temperatures above 600°C correspond accurately to the values calculated from the most recent literature data, based on scattering by the lattice and by the active impurities. Complete activation was obtained after 60 min annealing at 700°C

The Metallicity Dependence of the Fourier Components of RR Lyrae Light Curves is the Oosterhoff/Arp/Preston Period Ratio Effect in Disguise

The correlation of particular Fourier components of the light curves of RR Lyrae variables with metallicity, discovered by Simon and later by Kovacs and his coworkers, is shown to have the same explanation as the period ratios (period shifts in log P) between RRab Lyrae variables that have the same colors, amplitudes, and light-curve shapes but different metallicities. A purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the model which predicts the period-metallicity relations is the mediating parameters of colors, amplitudes, and light-curve shapes also explains the Simon/Kovacs et al. correlation between period, Phi_31, and metallicity. The proof is made by demonstrating that the combination of the first and third phase terms in a Fourier decomposition of RRab light curves, called Phi_31 by Simon and Lee, varies monotonically across the RR Lyrae instability strip in the same way that amplitude, color, and rise time vary with period within the strip. The premise of the model is that if horizontal branches at the RR Lyrae strip are stacked in luminosity according to the metallicity, then there necessarily must be a log period shift between RR Lyraes with different metallicities at the same Phi_31 values. However, there are exceptions to the model. (...)Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in The A

Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights of Persons With Disabilities

The World Health Organization estimates that 15 per cent of the world’s population have a disability and that a higher prevalence of disability occurs among people in lower-income countries. Persons with disabilities can have widely varying needs and experiences, depending on factors such as whether they have experienced their disability from birth or later in life, or if they live independently or not. However, all have sexual and reproductive health needs and rights, yet it is an area that can be neglected in health and development policy, and the barriers preventing access to these rights can be widespread. It is therefore crucial to recognise and challenge these barriers in order to provide essential sexual and reproductive education that not only includes disease prevention, but also relationships, fertility desires, and pleasure

Damned If You Do: Should New Zealand Criminalise or Censor Expression that Offends Islam?

This paper canvasses the relationship between the fundamental human rights of freedom of expression and freedom of religion to establish whether New Zealand should criminalise or censor expression that causes offence to the religious sensibilities of followers of Islam. It analyses the legal framework in New Zealand and in the international arena to assess whether this adequately protects Muslims from offence on the basis of their belief, while retaining other people’s right to free speech. This paper draws on a number of international examples to highlight what the repercussions can be when one person’s right to free speech collides with another’s right to freedom of religion. Bearing in mind these examples, this paper analyses a number of key argument in favour of allowing free speech and in favour of introducing wider censorship regimes, to establish whether these examples should have been subject to censorship and how this could apply in the New Zealand context. This paper concludes that criminalisation is not the ideal way to prevent these occurrences in future, but censorship could be an option. This paper recommends a balancing exercise is undertaken within the current New Zealand Bill of Rights framework to establish whether an item of offensive expression should or should not be subject to censorship

Vote for justice: Should New Zealand Consider Binding Citizen-Initiated Referenda on Law and Order Policy?

This paper examines the origins, benefits and pitfalls of the Citizen Initiated Referenda Act 1993, focusing on the non-binding justice-based referendum question put to the public in 1999. Citizen Initiated Referenda find their roots within the ideas of public participation in government, or direct democracy. This paper examines the philosophical and political theories – both in favour and against direct democracy – in order to canvas opinions relating to political participation. This is used as a basis to assess whether New Zealand should consider holding binding referenda on criminal justice related issues

Sex Education in the Digital Era - Notes on Contributors

This is the notes on contributors section of IDS Bulletin 48.1, 'Sex Education in the Digital Era'