Depresi pada lanjut usia

and significantly decreases quality of life in older adults. Depression is perceived as part of accelerated aging. Depressed individuals have a higher risk to get various diseases of aging. So that depressed elderly patients often have chronic comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, cancer, asthma and cognitive impairment and dementia. The impact of late-life depression on mortality, morbidity, and function as well as service utilization is well known. Differential diagnosis of depression in late-life are dementia, delirium or behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and often as comorbidity in depression. Depression in late life should be treated as early as possible. The important to treat are avoid the progression of depression and other medical comorbidity. Selection of antidepressant medication should be based on the best side effect profile and the lowest risk of drugs interaction. Add-on treatments including other drugs and psychotherapy can be applied. Involving the caregiver and families in the treatment process is a key to reach optimal outcome

Social Engagement With Cognitive Function In The Elderly At Posyandu Lanjut Usia Mekar Sari, RW V, Mojo, Surabaya

Introduction: The increased number of the elderly dominates the improvement of lifeexpectancy of age in Indonesia. This condition is caused by a variety of health problems, including the decline of cognitive function. One of the risk factors for cognitive decline is social engagement. Social disengagement was associated with lower cognitive function. Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between social engagement and cognitive function in the elderly at Posyandu Lanjut Usia Mekar Sari, RW V, Mojo, Surabaya. Method: This research is an observational analysis with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this research is all elderly in Posyandu Lanjut Usia Mekar Sari, RW V, Mojo, Surabaya. The sample of this study is the elderly aged above 60 years old. The sampling research in this report is Consecutive Sampling Result: The result of the Rank Spearman correlation test hold the probability value as (Sig.) 0.201. The test showed a result of p > α (α = 0.05) Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between social engagement and cognitive function in the elderly at Posyandu Lansia Mekar Sari, RW V, Mojo, Surabay

Screening of Bipolar Disorders and Characteristics of Symptoms in Various Populations in Surabaya, Indonesia

Although Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a common mental illness worldwide (1-3%), there was no data about the prevalence of BD or bipolar spectrum disorder in Indonesia. This study aimed to screen bipolar disorders in various communities Surabaya and its variations of symptoms characteristics. Through a cross-sectional design and non-random sampling survey (N = 1,104) was conducted using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), a screening tool for BDs, and validated self-report instrument. The SPSS 17.0 and chi square was used for analysis. Results showed the lifetime proportion of MDQ positive was 10.7% (n = 118). The proportions of MDQ positive by gender were 4.8% males and 5.9% females, no gender (p = .444) and educational background differences (p = .470). The highest proportions of MDQ positive were 4.4% in the 25-60 year group, 4% having an education level of senior high school and 6.7% having unmarried status. Among participants who had MDQ positive, 22% had an awareness of having psychological problems, unfortunately only 5.9% had visited a medical professional. Overall, the lifetime proportion of suspected bipolar disorder spectrum in Surabaya was higher than that reported in other studies. Conducting a periodic research regarding other psychosocial-cultural backgrounds will help clinicians and government identify the exact prevalence of bipolar disorder in the society and their risk factors. Furthermore, it will help to prevent the increased rate of bipolar disorders

Correlation Of Parenting With Delinquincy In Junior High School Students

Juvenile delinquency is a serious problem in all countries. Adolescent involved in delinquency have the potential to be involved in serious criminality. Many factors are thought to be the cause of juvenile delinquency, one of which is family. Parenting is a parent's act of educating their children, especially in providing values and norms that influencing the child development, including antisocial behavior that is associated with delinquency. To analyze the relationship between parenting towards juvenile delinquency in a private junior high school students in Surabaya. An observational cross-sectional analytic study that correlate between parenting towards juvenile delinquency in a junior high school students in Surabaya. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. To asses the parenting style used the Alabama parenting questionnaire (Parental Authoritory Questionaire). Juvenile delinquency was assessed by Self-Report Delinquincy questionnaire. It was found that 70% of the subjects involved in delinquency with 52.63% experienced authoritative mothering and 66.18% experienced authoritative fathering. There was no significant relationship between mothering towards juvenile delinquency. There was a significant relationship between fathering, especially authoritative fathering towards mild juvenile delinquency and authoritarian fathering towards moderate juvenile delinquency in private junior high school students in Surabaya.Conclusion:There is relationship between parenting and juvenile delinquency

Hubungan Pola Tidur dengan Kualitas Hidup Orang Lanjut Usia di Griya Usia Lanjut St. Yosef Surabaya

Quality of life is important to be recognized and Indonesia, as a developing country, has experienced the increment in the geriatric population from year to year. With this increment, the problems in the geriatric population and the number of the nursing home occupancy are also increasing simultaneously. One of the problems commonly affecting the geriatric population is sleep deprivation. The aim of this study is to find a relationship between the sleep pattern and the quality of life in the elderly in nursing home. This was an observational study with cross sectional design and purposive sampling method. There were 55 respondents in this study. The coefficient contingency was conducted to analyze the correlation between variables. There was no correlation between the sleep pattern and the geriatric quality of life in nursing home (p=0,582). There was also no correlation between the duration of sleep deprivation and the geriatric quality of life in nursing home (p=0,629). The physical aspect has the strongest correlation with the sleep pattern among the geriatric population in nursing home (r=0,359). The conclusion from this study is that even though there was no correlation between the sleep pattern and the duration of sleep deprivation with the geriatric quality of life in nursing home, the physical aspect among the elderly in nursing home should be considered as an important matte

Risiko Gangguan Perkembangan Pada Balita Yang Mengalami Kematian Maternal

Mortality towards pregnant and maternity women still turns out to be a great problem in Indonesia. According to Indonesia’s Demographic and Health survey in 2012, Indonesia as the country with the highest mortality rate in Southeast Asia. Maternal mortality has short-term and long-term consequences, and those consequences are more significant than mother’s non-maternal mortality of women with reproductive age. Maternal mortality causes the shifting of parenting towards toddlers who are left behind. This can increase the risks of developmental disorders towards toddlers due the lack of focus of the caregivers on the toddlers, consequently the stimulation will be reduced as well. This research aims to analyze whether maternal mortality increases the risks of developmental disorders towards toddlers. The method was using comparative study with retrospective cohort study approach. The research subjects were 41 toddlers who experienced maternal mortality in Probolinggo Regency (case group), and 41 toddlers who did not experience maternal mortality (control group). On the samples, the assessment of the suitability of development stages based on age appropriate KPSP forms. The statistical examination indicates that there is a difference of developmental disorder between case group and control group with p = 0,023 (<0,05), and RR = 2,5. Research conclution indicates that maternal mortality increases the risks of developmental disorder towards toddlers by 2,5 times

The biopsychosocial-spiritual factors influencing relapse of patients with schizophrenia

Abstract Objective: High relapse rate of patients with schizophrenia has a large impact on patients and their families that can be reviewed from biopsychosocial and spiritual factors. Determining all the potential risk factors of relapse in schizophrenia can help increase awareness of physicians, patients, and families. Physicians are the ones who examine patients and have responsibility to manage and educate them and expect to prevent relaps. This study analyze various biopsychosocial and spiritual factors affecting relapse occurrence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Cross sectional observational analytic study on 226 subjects with schizophrenia in three places in East Java, Indonesia, namely Soetomo Academic Hospital Surabaya (33.2%), Menur Hospital Surabaya (32.7%), and Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mental Hospital Lawang (34.1%) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection including 33 biopsychosocial and spiritual factors and were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Relapse rate within 1 year was 59.73%. There were 12 factors significantly affected the relapse of schizophrenia, namely history of physical disease of mothers during pregnancy (p < .001; B = 27.31; 95% CI 3.96–188.52), presence of trigger (p < .000; B = 6.25; 95% CI 2.61–14.96), negative beliefs (p < .000; B = 4.94; 95% CI 2.10–11.61), hereditary factors (p < .001; B = 4.84; 95% CI 1.93–12.10), insight (p < .003; B = 4.27; 95% CI 1.62–11.27), 1-year GAF Scale (p < .015; B = 3.79; 95% CI 1.30–11.09), response to treatment (p < .006; B = 3.68; 95% CI 1.45–9.36), family knowledge (p < .011; B = 3.23; 95% CI 1.31–7.93), history of head trauma (p < .029; B = 3.13; 95% CI 1.13–8.69), medication side effects (p < .028; B = 2.92; 95% CI 1.12–7.61), substance use history (p < .031; B = 2.86; 95% CI 1.10–7.45), and occupation (p < .040; B = 2.40; 95% CI 1.04–5.52). Conclusions: The 12 factors of biopsychosocial-spiritual are determinant to predict the risk of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. These factors should be emphasized in psychoeducation for patients and their families to enable intervention and relapse prevention

Correlation Between Blood Serotonin Level with Consciousness Level and Depression Symptoms in moderate Brain Injury Patients

To analyze a correlation between blood serotonin level, level of consciousness after resuscitation, and depression symptoms to reveal pathological neurobiochemistry level on moderate brain injury patients. This study uses analytical prospective with cross sectional design. Blood sample was taken using disposable spuit approximately 5 cc and was kept in the closed container and centrifuged. The temperature was kept at -200C. Serum was used to determine serotonin level in the blood. Blood sample was taken twice: before 24 hrs after brain injury and less than 1 month afterwards. To examine depression level Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was used to figure out whether there is depression symptoms after brain injury. Glasgow Coma Scale was used to examine level of consciousness. The statistical analysis using Spearman correlation resulted in rs = 0,295 and p=0,090 (p>0,05), which means that there is no association between consciousness level and serotonin level before 24 hrs after brain injury. The statistical analysis using Spearman correlation resulted in rs = 0,309 and p=0,075 (p>0,05), which means that there is no association between serotonin level one month after injury and depression level. The last, the statistical analysis using Phi coefficient resulted in Phi = 0,342 and p=0,046 (p<0,05), which means that there is correlation between serotonin level one month after injury and occurrence of depression, which means that people with lower level of serotonin have higher occurrence of depression than people with higher level of serotonin. There is no significant correlation between level of consciousness and serotonin level in the blood under 24 hrs after brain injury. There is significant correlation between serotonin level one month after injury and occurrence of depression