Geostatistical approach for the assessment of the water reservoir capacity in arid regions: a case study of the Akdarya reservoir, Uzbekistan

International audienceThe paper presents the results of a new geostatistical approach to generate bathymetric surface models from point measurement converted into continuous contour surfaces of reservoir bottoms in Uzbekistan. Sedimentation of reservoirs raises engineering, environmental and economical issues for the communities around the world in areas affected by a strong water deficit. Because of Uzbekistan's arid climatic conditions, and uneven spatial and temporal water resources distribution, responsive and innovative water availability assessment surveys of all major water reservoirs are required. Bathymetric surveying is a traditional method that is carried out for the estimation of reservoir volumes and surface areas of the corresponding reservoir stages in order to assess the water availability. Volume and surface area differences derived from multiple surveys of a reservoir provide storage loss estimates over time due to sedimentation. However, two main factors, such as intensive field data measurement and post data-processing, often limit the frequency of these surveys. Alternatively, innovative depth measurement technologies coupled with contouring and surface mapping programs provide automated reservoir volume and surface area calculations. This significantly reduces time, workload and financial burdens for reservoir sedimentation projects. This research proposes the use of geostatistical approach to assess the reservoir sedimentation in the Akdarya reservoir of Uzbekistan. The geostatistical approach includes (semi-) variogram analysis and interpolation (kriging and simulations--turning bands) techniques predicting values at unsampled locations for generating digital bathymetric surface models of reservoir bottom conditions in order to calculate the volume and surface area at a given water elevation. The simulation enables to have range of reservoir volumes and surface areas with the same probability, in comparison to the kriging and traditional methods. This gives a real estimation of the resource availability for water operators to manage natural resources and hydraulic infrastructure in a sustainable manner

Bile acid and inflammation activate gastric cardia stem cells in a mouse model of barrett-like metaplasia

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) arises from Barrett esophagus (BE), intestinal-like columnar metaplasia linked to reflux esophagitis. In a transgenic mouse model of BE, esophageal overexpression of interleukin-1β phenocopies human pathology with evolution of esophagitis, Barrett-like metaplasia and EAC. Histopathology and gene signatures closely resembled human BE, with upregulation of TFF2, Bmp4, Cdx2, Notch1, and IL-6. The development of BE and EAC was accelerated by exposure to bile acids and/or nitrosamines, and inhibited by IL-6 deficiency. Lgr5+ gastric cardia stem cells present in BE were able to lineage trace the early BE lesion. Our data suggest that BE and EAC arise from gastric progenitors due to a tumor-promoting IL-1β-IL-6 signaling cascade and Dll1-dependent Notch signaling. © 2012 Elsevier Inc

A virtual imaging platform for multi-modality medical image simulation.

International audienceThis paper presents the Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP), a platform accessible at http://vip.creatis.insa-lyon.fr to facilitate the sharing of object models and medical image simulators, and to provide access to distributed computing and storage resources. A complete overview is presented, describing the ontologies designed to share models in a common repository, the workflow template used to integrate simulators, and the tools and strategies used to exploit computing and storage resources. Simulation results obtained in four image modalities and with different models show that VIP is versatile and robust enough to support large simulations. The platform currently has 200 registered users who consumed 33 years of CPU time in 2011

Etat des connaissances sur le devenir des germes pathogenes et des micropolluants au cours de la methanisation des dechets et sous-produits organiques A review

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RP 400 (2255) / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueAgence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (ADEME), 75 - Paris (France)FRFranc

Le traité MIM " Fiabilité des ouvrages ", Sécurité, sûreté, variabilité, maintenance

Comment identifier les dysfonctionnements les plus probables et les scénarios de défaillance critiques ? Comment décrire et exploiter des données relatives à des matériaux hétérogènes, variables dans l'espace ou le temps ? Comment quantifier la fiabilité ou la durée de vie d'un système ? Comment exploiter l'information acquise dans le temps pour actualiser les calculs fiabilistes ? Comment optimiser une politique d'inspection et de maintenance ? Ce traité sur la fiabilité des ouvrages apporte des éléments de réponse. Les auteurs, issus d'entreprises ou d'établissements publics de recherche, exposent des méthodes éprouvées ou plus récentes et les appliquent à divers domaines (construction, nucléaire, pétrolier). Ces méthodes sont applicables à tout système complexe en contexte incertain. L'ouvrage s'adresse ainsi aux communautés du génie civil, de la mécanique ainsi qu'à tous les utilisateurs de la théorie de la fiabilité, dans le secteur industriel ou académique. Étudiants (Masters ou écoles d'ingénieur), doctorants, ingénieurs, chercheurs y trouveront bases de réflexion et outils

Le traité MIM " Fiabilité des ouvrages ", Sécurité, sûreté, variabilité, maintenance

Comment identifier les dysfonctionnements les plus probables et les scénarios de défaillance critiques ? Comment décrire et exploiter des données relatives à des matériaux hétérogènes, variables dans l'espace ou le temps ? Comment quantifier la fiabilité ou la durée de vie d'un système ? Comment exploiter l'information acquise dans le temps pour actualiser les calculs fiabilistes ? Comment optimiser une politique d'inspection et de maintenance ? Ce traité sur la fiabilité des ouvrages apporte des éléments de réponse. Les auteurs, issus d'entreprises ou d'établissements publics de recherche, exposent des méthodes éprouvées ou plus récentes et les appliquent à divers domaines (construction, nucléaire, pétrolier). Ces méthodes sont applicables à tout système complexe en contexte incertain. L'ouvrage s'adresse ainsi aux communautés du génie civil, de la mécanique ainsi qu'à tous les utilisateurs de la théorie de la fiabilité, dans le secteur industriel ou académique. Étudiants (Masters ou écoles d'ingénieur), doctorants, ingénieurs, chercheurs y trouveront bases de réflexion et outils

Bile Acid and Inflammation Activate Gastric Cardia Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Barrett-Like Metaplasia

SummaryEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) arises from Barrett esophagus (BE), intestinal-like columnar metaplasia linked to reflux esophagitis. In a transgenic mouse model of BE, esophageal overexpression of interleukin-1β phenocopies human pathology with evolution of esophagitis, Barrett-like metaplasia and EAC. Histopathology and gene signatures closely resembled human BE, with upregulation of TFF2, Bmp4, Cdx2, Notch1, and IL-6. The development of BE and EAC was accelerated by exposure to bile acids and/or nitrosamines, and inhibited by IL-6 deficiency. Lgr5+ gastric cardia stem cells present in BE were able to lineage trace the early BE lesion. Our data suggest that BE and EAC arise from gastric progenitors due to a tumor-promoting IL-1β-IL-6 signaling cascade and Dll1-dependent Notch signaling