Grapholita molesta : characterization of an artificial rearing

Grapholita molesta (Busck) es considerada plaga principal del duraznero en Mendoza. Sus larvas han sido criadas, en condiciones de laboratorio, con dietas naturales por diversos autores. Los objetivos fueron: 1. poner a punto la cría artificial de la especie; 2. diseñar una jaula para el apareamiento y la oviposición de los adultos; 3. evaluar la eficiencia de la jaula y la dieta larvaria mediante grados día, ciclo biológico, peso de pupas, recuperación de huevoadulto, fecundidad, viabilidad y longevidad. La cría artificial de una especie constituye una herramienta para profundizar sus conocimientos bioetoecológicos y, en consecuencia, aplicarlos en su control. En 1996 se fundó una cría con larvas salvajes alimentadas con manzanas verdes pequeñas del cv. Granny Smith. Los adultos se desarrollaron en una jaula especialmente diseñada. En el ciclo biológico, la recuperación huevo-adulto y la fecundidad se obtuvieron valores superiores a los citados por otros autores pero no ocurrió lo mismo con las otras variables. La cría artificial de Grapholita molesta (Busck) se logró desarrollar por 37 generaciones y la alta fecundidad obtenida es una clave fundamental en el éxito de su mantenimiento.The Grapholita molesta (Busck) is considered the principal plague of peach trees in Mendoza. Its larva have been bred in laboratory conditions, with natural diets by different authors. The goals were: 1. to set the artificial breeding for this specie; 2. to design a cage for the mating and adult oviposition; 3. to evaluate the efficiency of the cage and larval diet by means of day egrees, biological cycle, pupae weight, egg-adult recovery, fertility, viability and longevity. The artificial rearing of a species constitutes a fundamental tool to obtain bioetoecological knowledge and in consequence apply it in its control. In 1996 offspring of wild larva which were fed small green Granny Smith apples were founded. The adults developed in a specially designed cage. In the biological cycle, egg-adult recovery and fertility superior values than those mentioned by other authors were obtained, but this didn't reoccur with the other variables. The artificial rearing of the Grapholita molesta (Busck) were able to develop for 37 generations, being the high fertility obtained a fundamental key in the success of their maintenance.Fil: Marín, María Susana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Sáez, César C.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Caballero, Ariel E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Quercetti, María J.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológica

Use of natural phenols as feed supplements with antioxidant effects on poultry products

The oxidation of lipids is the main cause of nutritional and organoleptic deterioration of bird´s meat and eggs. This process originates compounds responsible for unpleasant odours, reduces the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and pigments, decreases the acceptability on consumers and generates compounds that may present toxicity. Dietary supplementation is a simple strategy to include compounds in animal tissues. Synthetic antioxidants are regularly supplemented in poultry. However, recently, it has increased the search for replacing those compounds for others of a natural origin. This work evaluates the potential use of natural phenols (main components of essential oils) as diet supplement antioxidant agents. Firstly, we evaluated the effects of thymol and carvacrol on the delay of oxidative deterioration in domestic chicken muscle samples storage at 4°C for 0, 5 and 10 days, and in comparison with BHT (a synthetic antioxidant compound massively used). The results show that supplementation with the 3 compounds were equally effective to delay the lipid oxidation of peroneus longus samples with no significant effects on pectoralis major. Quail diet supplementation with thymol or isoeugenol did not show significant changes in meat samples, however, the oxidation levels of fresh egg-yolk samples were affected. Isoeugenol showed a yolk antioxidant effect of similar magnitude than BHT suggesting a protective effect of that phenol during the formation of the oocyte. Thymol showed intermediate effects. Results suggest that the level of lipid oxidation protection is dependent on the species and the type and age of the product. Secondly, we assess the effects of thymol and isoeugenol supplementation on liver and egg yolk fatty acid composition. Thymol increased total unsaturated liver fatty acids compared to isoeugenol, BHT and control samples. Isoeugenol increased palmitoleic acid in yolk samples compared to BHT and controls, with thymol showing intermediate results. Interestingly, BHT samples, showed a non expected increased in the saturated/unsaturated ratio. The results suggest the usefulness of natural phenols to delay lipid oxidation. The findings may be considered relevant from a human nutritional and avian biology point of view because phenol supplementation could affect reproductive and embryonic development.Fil: Marín, Raúl Héctor. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Marín, Raúl Héctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Luna, Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Luna, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil Lábaque, María C. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Lábaque, María C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Zygadlo, Julio A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Zygadlo, Julio A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina.Otras Ciencias Veterinaria

Generalización y razonamiento inductivo en una estudiante de cuarto de primaria. Un estudio de caso desde el pensamiento funcional

En este trabajo abordamos la generalización como parte del proceso de razonamiento inductivo en estudiantes de Educación Primaria. A través de un estudio de caso, describimos cómo una estudiante de cuarto (9 años) sigue los pasos de un modelo de razonamiento inductivo, al trabajar con un problema de generalización que involucra una función lineal. Mediante una entrevista clínica semiestructurada, recogimos evidencias que muestran que la estudiante generalizó la relación entre variables siguiendo, en un orden propio, cuatro de los siete pasos del modelo. Algunos de estos pasos se presentaron de manera simultánea. La estudiante organizó los primeros casos particulares dados, estableciendo una conjetura con base en ellos. Luego, al aumentar el tamaño de los casos particulares, ella modificó sus conjeturas las que luego validó con nuevos casos particulares. Finalmente generalizó

Generalización y razonamiento inductivo en una estudiante de cuarto de primaria. Un estudio de caso desde el pensamiento funcional

En este trabajo abordamos la generalización como parte del proceso de razonamiento inductivo en estudiantes de Educación Primaria. A través de un estudio de caso, describimos cómo una estudiante de cuarto (9 años) sigue los pasos de un modelo de razonamiento inductivo, al trabajar con un problema de generalización que involucra una función lineal. Mediante una entrevista clínica semiestructurada, recogimos evidencias que muestran que la estudiante generalizó la relación entre variables siguiendo, en un orden propio, cuatro de los siete pasos del modelo. Algunos de estos pasos se presentaron de manera simultánea. La estudiante organizó los primeros casos particulares dados, estableciendo una conjetura con base en ellos. Luego, al aumentar el tamaño de los casos particulares, ella modificó sus conjeturas las que luego validó con nuevos casos particulares. Finalmente generalizó

Máster en Educación Matemática en Colombia

El grupo Didáctica de la Matemática: Pensamiento Numérico (FQM-193), del Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI) ha venido colaborando con la Universidad de los Andes de Bogotá, Colombia en la realización de un máster de profundización para profesores de matemáticas de secundaria en ejercicio. La primera versión de este máster se inició en enero de 2010. El programa busca contribuir al desarrollo del conocimiento didáctico de los profesores en formación, al guiarlos en la puesta en práctica de un ciclo del análisis didáctico e involucra esquemas metodológicos y de evaluación que se adaptan a su carácter semi virtual. En este trabajo se describirá el diseño curricular del programa y se presentarán unas primeras impresiones acerca de su desarrollo

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Curcuma longa L. Oil: Optimization, Chemical Structure and Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Comparison with Conventional Soxhlet Extraction

Curcuma root (Curcuma longa L.) is a very important plant in gastronomy and medicine for its unique antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Conventional methods for the extraction of curcuma oil require long extraction times and high temperatures that can degrade the active substances. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (i) first, to optimize the extraction yield of curcuma oil by applying a Box-Behnken experimental design using surface response methodology to the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique (the independent variables studied were reaction time (10–30 min), microwave power (150–200 W) and curcuma powder/ethanol ratio (1:5–1:20; w/v); and, (ii) second, to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity of the oil (at the optimum conditions point) and compare with the conventional Soxhlet technique. The optimum conditions for the MAE were found to be 29.99 min, 160 W and 1:20 w/v to obtain an optimum yield of 10.32%. Interestingly, the oil extracted by microwave-assisted extraction showed higher TPC and better antioxidant properties than the oil extracted with conventional Soxhlet technique. Thus, it was demonstrated that the method applied for extraction influences the final properties of the extracted Curcuma longa L. oil.This research was funded by the Basque Country Government (IT 1008-16)

Halochromic and antioxidant capacity of smart films of chitosan/chitin nanocrystals with curcuma oil and anthocyanins

Curcuma longa L. essential oil and anthocyanin extracts contain bioactive compounds such as antioxidant properties and their pigments are able to change color when exposed to different pH or ammonium gas. In this context, the objective of the present work was to develop pH-sensitive intelligent films by adding curcuma oil (composed of essential oils and pigments) and anthocyanin extracts to a chitosan matrix reinforced with alphachitin nanocrystals. The incorporation of curcuma oil, anthocyanins and nanocrystals enhanced the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity; and, decreased water solubility and moisture content. In addition, the films also showed almost total blocking against UV/Vis light at wavelengths below 550 nm. Interestingly, the films were at the same time antioxidant, and sensitive to color change when exposed to ammonia gas and different pH solutions, with greater variations observed when higher concentrations of curcuma oil were added. Hence, these results revealed the potential of these films as intelligent food packaging applications.The authors would like to thank the funding from the Basque Country Government (IT 1008-16). R. F. -M. acknowledge the financial support of the Basque Country Government (scholarship of young researchers training). S.C.M.F. is a recipient of an E2S UPPA MANTA E2S Partnership Chair (Marine Materials) sponsored by the French programme "Investissements d'Avenir" administered by the French National Research Agency (ANR-16-IDEX-IDEX). The authors wish to acknowledge the technical and human assistance received from SGIker (UPV/EHU/ERDF, EU), Spain

Methodology for design of suitable dishes for dysphagic people

A methodology to adapt dishes for cerebral palsy (CP) dysphagic people was developed. Five conventional dishes were cooked, blended and texturized with mixtures of thickeners and gelling agents based on xanthan gum. The most appropriate texturizing agents were selected, the textural thermostability of the dishes was studied, and the shelf-life was evaluated by back extrusion, sensory and microbiology analysis. Information about the acceptability of the adapted dishes by CP dysphagic people was obtained through the control of the consumed fraction and the liking or disliking reaction after eating the dishes. The adapted dishes considered suitable for swallowing process showed maximum force between 6.2(0.1) N and 18.9(3.3) N, minimum force between −3.9(0.3) N and −9.2(1.3) N, and Fmin/Fmax ratio between 0.4(0.0) and 0.7(0.0). Regarding sensory characteristics, the adapted dishes showed low stickiness, residue and firmness, and high suitable texture score. The methodology was appropriate for developing suitable dishes, sensorially accepted by dysphagic people, thermostable for 7 days refrigerated storage and ready-to-eat. Industrial relevance: This study presents the technological basis for the standardized design of suitable ready-to-eat dishes for dysphagic people. The methodology developed is of great interest to the industry of ready-to-eat dishes.This study has been partially financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the 2014-2020 FEDER Operational Program of Navarre and by Navarre Government through the Programme 'AYUDAS PARA REALIZAR PROYECTOS DE I+D - Convocatoria 2017' (PEP E-14/000107-01)

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk in La Plata, Argentina: relationship with maternal nutritional status

Milk fat is the major source of energy for breastfed infants; it also supplies polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) essential for the development of brain, retina, and other organs. Maternal nutritional status is critical for the newborn, and little information exists regarding the PUFA status of vulnerable populations living in Southern regions. We studied the relationship between maternal nourishment and milk fatty acid composition. Mother nutritional status (normal, overweight or obese) was estimated on the body mass index. Milk protein, total lipid, and fatty acid composition were determined. Milk protein was not affected by mother’s nutritional status. In obese mothers an increase in lipid content, linoleic acid, total n-6 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed comparing to the other groups. Disregarding the nutritional status, the ratio n-6/n-3 fatty acids was very high and the 22:6n-3 content was very low, when compared with those of mothers from other countries. This finding led us to urge Public Health officers to promote changes in the dietary habits of nursing women