Climate changes in mangrove forests and salt marshes

This synthesis is framed within the scope of the Brazilian Benthic Coastal Habitat Monitoring Network (ReBentos WG 4: Mangroves and Salt Marshes), focusing on papers that examine biodiversity-climate interactions as well as human-induced factors including those that decrease systemic resilience. The goal is to assess difficulties related to the detection of climate and early warning signals from monitoring data. We also explored ways to circumvent some of the obstacles identified. Exposure and sensitivity of mangrove and salt marsh species and ecosystems make them extremely vulnerable to environmental impacts and potential indicators of sea level and climate-driven environmental change. However, the interpretation of shifts in mangroves and salt marsh species and systemic attributes must be scrutinized considering local and setting-level energy signature changes; including disturbance regime and local stressors, since these vary widely on a regional scale. The potential for adaptation and survival in response to climate change depends, in addition to the inherent properties of species, on contextual processes at the local, landscape, and regional levels that support resilience. Regardless of stressor type, because of the convergence of social and ecological processes, coastal zones should be targeted for anticipatory action to reduce risks and to integrate these ecosystems into adaptation strategies. Management must be grounded on proactive mitigation and collaborative action based on long-term ecosystem-based studies and well-designed monitoring programs that can 1) provide real-time early warning and 2) close the gap between simple correlations that provide weak inferences and process-based approaches that can yield increasingly reliable attribution and improved levels of anticipation.Esta é uma síntese enquadrada na Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros (ReBentos, GT4: Manguezais e Marismas), embasada em literatura científica que examina interações entre clima e biodiversidade, assim como fatores antrópicos, incluindo aqueles responsáveis pela diminuição da resiliência sistêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar as dificuldades quanto à detecção de sinais precoces e alertas de mudanças climáticas com dados de monitoramento. No presente trabalho, também foram exploradas formas de contornar os diversos obstáculos identificados. A exposição e a sensitividade de espécies de mangue e de marisma, bem como dos ecossistemas dos quais fazem parte, os tornam extremamente vulneráveis e potenciais indicadores ambientais de mudanças de nível do mar e outras respostas às variações do clima. Entretanto, a interpretação de mudanças em manguezais e marismas e em seus atributos sistêmicos deve ser meticulosa, considerando assinatura energética, regime de distúrbios e pressões ambientais em cada local de estudo. Os potenciais de adaptação e de sobrevivência, em resposta a tais mudanças, dependem da fisiologia de cada espécie e dos processos contextuais onde reside a resiliência e a capacidade de persistir (em níveis local, de paisagem e regionais). A zona costeira deve ser alvo de medidas antecipatórias para redução de riscos por quaisquer impactos, uma vez que nela há intensa convergência de processos sociais e ecológicos. Os ecossistemas dessa zona devem ser integrados em estratégias de adaptação. O manejo costeiro deve ser embasado em mitigação pró-ativa e colaborativa de longo-termo, sempre com base em estudos ecossistêmicos e em programas de monitoramento que possam 1) prover sistema de alerta precoce; 2) preencher lacunas entre correlações simplistas que proveem inferências fracas, e abordagens baseadas em processos que levem a atribuições mais confiáveis e a melhores níveis de antecipação

Fishers who rely on mangroves: Modelling and mapping the global intensity of mangrove-associated fisheries

Mangroves are critical nursery habitats for fish and invertebrates, providing livelihoods for many coastal communities. Despite their importance, there is currently no estimate of the number of fishers engaged in mangrove associated fisheries, nor on the fishing intensity associated with mangroves at a global scale. We address these gaps by developing a global model of mangrove associated fisher numbers and mangrove fishing intensity. To develop the model, we undertook a three-round Delphi process with mangrove fisheries experts to identify the key drivers of mangrove fishing intensity. We then developed a conceptual model of intensity of mangrove fishing using those factors identified both as being important and for which appropriate global data could be found or developed. These factors were non-urban population, distance to market, distance to mangroves and other fishing grounds, and storm events. By projecting this conceptual model using geospatial datasets, we were able to estimate the number and distribution of mangrove associated fishers and the intensity of fishing in mangroves. We estimate there are 4.1 million mangrove associated fishers globally, with the highest number of mangrove fishers found in Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Brazil. Mangrove fishing intensity was greatest throughout Asia, and to a lesser extent West and Central Africa, and Central and South America

Climate changes in mangrove forests and salt marshes

Abstract This synthesis is framed within the scope of the Brazilian Benthic Coastal Habitat Monitoring Network (ReBentos WG 4: Mangroves and Salt Marshes), focusing on papers that examine biodiversity-climate interactions as well as human-induced factors including those that decrease systemic resilience. The goal is to assess difficulties related to the detection of climate and early warning signals from monitoring data. We also explored ways to circumvent some of the obstacles identified. Exposure and sensitivity of mangrove and salt marsh species and ecosystems make them extremely vulnerable to environmental impacts and potential indicators of sea level and climate-driven environmental change. However, the interpretation of shifts in mangroves and salt marsh species and systemic attributes must be scrutinized considering local and setting-level energy signature changes; including disturbance regime and local stressors, since these vary widely on a regional scale. The potential for adaptation and survival in response to climate change depends, in addition to the inherent properties of species, on contextual processes at the local, landscape, and regional levels that support resilience. Regardless of stressor type, because of the convergence of social and ecological processes, coastal zones should be targeted for anticipatory action to reduce risks and to integrate these ecosystems into adaptation strategies. Management must be grounded on proactive mitigation and collaborative action based on long-term ecosystem-based studies and well-designed monitoring programs that can 1) provide real-time early warning and 2) close the gap between simple correlations that provide weak inferences and process-based approaches that can yield increasingly reliable attribution and improved levels of anticipation

Dinâmica do manguezal no sistema de Cananéia-Iguape, Estado de São Paulo - Brasil.

As condições físicas do ambiente, pretéritas e atuais, determinam variações quanto à estrutura e distribuição dos manguezais ao longo das áreas litorâneas. O presente estudo visa caracterizar as tendências da dinâmica de bosques de mangue do Sistema Cananéia-Iguape. Tratamento de imagens digitais e dinâmica de feições sedimentares na região forneceram subsídios para o presente estudo. O Sistema Cananéia-Iguape está localizado no extremo sul do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), latitude de 25oS. Imagens digitais TM/Landsat5, WRS 220/77 D, composição colorida (RGB) TM4/TM3/TM2, de duas datas (14/09/86 e 02/09/99) foram tratadas no SIG ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System). Os pontos de amostragem de estrutura dos bosques de mangue e de topografia foram escolhidos considerando-se os resultados da classificação superviosionada e da dinâmica sedimentar das feições de deposição no sistema, segundo Tessler (1982) e Tessler & Furtado (1983). Para estudo da estrutura dos bosques de mangue adotou-se metodologia de Schaeffer-Novelli & Cintrón (1986). Análise de agrupamento por ligação simples confirmou os resultados obtidos no tratamento de dados de estrutura dos bosques de mangue. A dinâmica sedimentar e a topografia são fatores que determinam a colonização por determinadas espécies de mangue em feições de deposição.Past and current environment conditions drive changes to mangrove structure and distribuition along the coast. This paper aims to caracterize mangrove forest dynamic tendencies at Cananeia-Iguape System. Digital image processing and region morphodynamics support the present study. Cananeia-Iguape System is located at the South of São Paulo State (Brazil), latitude 25oS. A colored composition (RGB TM4/TM3/TM2) of Landsat TM digital images (WRS 220/77D) from different dates (14/09/86 and 02/09/99) were processed with ILWIS SIG (Integrated Land and Water Information System). Mangrove forest structure and topographic sampling spots were chosen given the results of supervised classification and given its sedimentary morphodynamic deposition, following Tessler (1982) and Tessler & Furtado (1983). Mangrove forest structure study is based on Cintrón & Schaeffer-Novelli (1984). Single linkage cluster analysis has confirmed the results obtained from the mangrove forest structure study. Region sedimentary dynamics and topographic factors drive mangrove colonization by particular species on deposition shores

Mangrove Ecology: spatial and temporal development at Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System, São Paulo, Brazil

Manguezais desenvolvem-se de formas distintas, em função dos cenários ambiental e geomorfológico. O desenvolvimento espaço-temporal de bosques de mangue, no Sistema Costeiro Cananéia-Iguape, foi estudado no contexto da ecologia da paisagem. Manguezais foram analisados nos níveis hierárquicos Stand (unidade de paisagem) e Site (bosque ou parcela). No nível Stand, o tratamento de fotografias aéreas com uso de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), indicou variação espacial distinta, em duas áreas de estudo do Mar de Cananéia, no mesmo intervalo temporal, 16 anos (1981 1997). No nível Site, bosques de mangue adjacentes ao Mar de Cananéia e à Baía do Trapandé foram monitorados durante 2 anos (2002 2004), em parcelas fixas, fornecendo informações sobre o desenvolvimento destes. Bancos de sedimento emersos são, primeiramente, colonizados pela gramínea Spartina alterniflora, espécie pioneira e determinante no estabelecimento de propágulos. Os bosques de mangue, estudados no Mar de Cananéia, nas fases inicial e jovem são dominados por Laguncularia racemosa, em áreas em progradação, como proposto na literatura. Na área de estudo da Baía do Trapandé, a espécie dominante é Rhizophora mangle. Bosques maduros são dominados pelas espécies R. mangle ou Avicennia schauerianna, em função das características das áreas de estudo. Padrões de sucessão dos bosques de mangue estudados seguem modelo proposto na literatura.Mangrove forests get developed in distinct patterns, depending on geomorphological and environmental scenarios. Its spatial and temporal development was studied in a landscape ecology context, at the Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System. Stand and Site hierarchical levels had been used to analyze mangrove forests. At Stand level, aerial photography processing along with Geographical Information System (GIS) showed distinct spatial variations during the same 16 years period (1981-1997) in the two case areas: Mar de Cananéia and Baia de Trapandé. At Site level, mangrove forests surrounding Mar de Cananéia and Baia de Trapandé had been monitored during 2 years (2002-2004) using fixed plots, providing information on its development. Gramineous Spartina alterniflora, pioneer species and determinative for propagule establishment, colonize at first emerged sandbanks. Studied mangrove forests surrounding Mar de Cananéia are, during initial and youth phases, dominated by Laguncularia racemosa, in deposition areas, as suggested in bibliography. At Baia de Trapandé surround, the dominant species was Rhizophora mangle. Mature forests are dominated by R. mangle or Avicennia schauerianna, depending on areas characteristics. Studied mangrove forests follow model of succession seen in bibliography

Mangroves of São Paulo State (Brazil): a spatial and temporal analysis from 1980 to 2009

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Evolution of the Cubatão urban mangrove in São Paulo State (Brazil) over space and time

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Reduction of the mangrove between 1962 and 2008 in Cubatão, São Paulo State – Brazil

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Spatio-temporal evolution of an urban mangrove (Cubatão, São Paulo – Brazil)

Présentation avec posterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedYoung Marine Scientists’ Day Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ), 6 mars, Brugge, Belgiqu